NKTR | ENSG00000114857 | NCBI 4820

Details for: NKTR

Associated with

Cyclosporin a binding
(GO:0016018)
Cytoplasm
(GO:0005737)
Mitochondrion
(GO:0005739)
Nucleus
(GO:0005634)
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity
(GO:0003755)
Plasma membrane
(GO:0005886)
Protein folding
(GO:0006457)
Protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization
(GO:0000413)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011

CSI 52.6

rCSI 88.29%

PRS 4.18
pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018

CSI 52.37

rCSI 65.15%

PRS 3.85
VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016

CSI 41.96

rCSI 50.12%

PRS 4.19
sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015

CSI 40.05

rCSI 64.4%

PRS 4.63
sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017

CSI 38.33

rCSI 49.41%

PRS 4.44
L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040

CSI 37.11

rCSI 90.2%

PRS 4.06
retinal ganglion cell CL0000740

CSI 31.91

rCSI 70.49%

PRS 5.1
caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064

CSI 29.72

rCSI 52.48%

PRS 4.19
chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036

CSI 27.09

rCSI 84.73%

PRS 4.86
L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038

CSI 25.87

rCSI 80.85%

PRS 4.49
cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602

CSI 23.47

rCSI 40.6%

PRS 5.46
near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012

CSI 22.69

rCSI 85.76%

PRS 4.33
L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041

CSI 22.1

rCSI 79.54%

PRS 3.85
GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027

CSI 21.78

rCSI 74.61%

PRS 7.4
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 21.67

rCSI 16.69%

PRS 6.47
neuron CL0000540

CSI 16.25

rCSI 43.28%

PRS 6.21
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839

CSI 15.15

rCSI 78.22%

PRS 14.37
corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013

CSI 14.92

rCSI 87.85%

PRS 4.42
common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051

CSI 14.59

rCSI 19.49%

PRS 13.7
intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017

CSI 14.39

rCSI 38.8%

PRS 9.24
central nervous system neuron CL2000029

CSI 13.01

rCSI 95.6%

PRS 3.41
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 12.64

rCSI 15.72%

PRS 7.63
hepatocyte CL0000182

CSI 11.52

rCSI 20.62%

PRS 6.76
endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022

CSI 11.14

rCSI 34.32%

PRS 13.03
H2 horizontal cell CL0004218

CSI 10.6

rCSI 52.72%

PRS 9.14
renal principal cell CL0005009

CSI 10.51

rCSI 27.3%

PRS 10.06
H1 horizontal cell CL0004217

CSI 9.99

rCSI 39.58%

PRS 12.48
small intestine goblet cell CL1000495

CSI 9.52

rCSI 20.85%

PRS 9.71
renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201

CSI 9.41

rCSI 22.42%

PRS 8.91
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 9.23

rCSI 11.59%

PRS 9.11
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 8.51

rCSI 58.44%

PRS 14.24
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 8.16

rCSI 66.34%

PRS 7.54
transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012

CSI 7.37

rCSI 32.35%

PRS 13.45
differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059

CSI 6.79

rCSI 12.34%

PRS 6.4
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 6.3

rCSI 8.91%

PRS 10.33
midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097

CSI 6.14

rCSI 39.31%

PRS 12.04
kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768

CSI 5.98

rCSI 15.17%

PRS 5.52
parietal epithelial cell CL1000452

CSI 5.86

rCSI 15.65%

PRS 6.78
keratocyte CL0002363

CSI 5.84

rCSI 14.05%

PRS 11.07
medium spiny neuron CL1001474

CSI 5.7

rCSI 49.11%

PRS 1.46
ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052

CSI 5.65

rCSI 80.25%

PRS 5.11
epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306

CSI 5.48

rCSI 13.39%

PRS 7.27
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 5.44

rCSI 4.23%

PRS 10.28
brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075

CSI 5.36

rCSI 15.91%

PRS 11.55
enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071

CSI 5.33

rCSI 27.97%

PRS 13.65
endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092

CSI 5.12

rCSI 25.24%

PRS 9.68
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI 5.08

rCSI 7.75%

PRS 6.7
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 5.06

rCSI 4.57%

PRS 6.32
mesodermal cell CL0000222

CSI 4.98

rCSI 5.98%

PRS 7.07
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 4.89

rCSI 3.7%

PRS 9.98
intestinal tuft cell CL0019032

CSI 4.75

rCSI 7.26%

PRS 8.23
cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008

CSI 4.58

rCSI 18.47%

PRS 7.06
diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030

CSI 4.58

rCSI 30.39%

PRS 8.79
ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046

CSI 4.47

rCSI 91.11%

PRS 6.17
lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838

CSI 4.46

rCSI 17.35%

PRS 11.83
cholangiocyte CL1000488

CSI 4.35

rCSI 26.04%

PRS 12.93
OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047

CSI 4.31

rCSI 87.76%

PRS 6.76
pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568

CSI 4.18

rCSI 5.69%

PRS 10.99
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 4.16

rCSI 4.89%

PRS 8.54
cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell CL0010006

CSI 3.88

rCSI 27.41%

PRS 10.33
direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026

CSI 3.85

rCSI 92.13%

PRS 2.99
endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139

CSI 3.84

rCSI 21.02%

PRS 15.33
indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029

CSI 3.81

rCSI 91.88%

PRS 3.8
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 3.78

rCSI 3.06%

PRS 7.04
type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577

CSI 3.77

rCSI 13.37%

PRS 11.76
kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107

CSI 3.76

rCSI 9.73%

PRS 6.66
kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111

CSI 3.74

rCSI 5.31%

PRS 6.76
midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028

CSI 3.74

rCSI 8.77%

PRS 11.97
macroglial cell CL0000126

CSI 3.65

rCSI 9.39%

PRS 11.56
neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338

CSI 3.57

rCSI 4.12%

PRS 6.38
oligodendrocyte CL0000128

CSI 3.52

rCSI 10.41%

PRS 3.96
centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029

CSI 3.44

rCSI 8.98%

PRS 12.23
forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000

CSI 3.44

rCSI 11.03%

PRS 10.66
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 3.43

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 7.39
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 3.43

rCSI 2.98%

PRS 8.84
rod bipolar cell CL0000751

CSI 3.39

rCSI 6.1%

PRS 6.01
endothelial cell of artery CL1000413

CSI 3.38

rCSI 4.95%

PRS 39.82
Mueller cell CL0000636

CSI 3.01

rCSI 6.88%

PRS 6.51
diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029

CSI 3.01

rCSI 20.46%

PRS 8.74
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 2.93

rCSI 1.95%

PRS 8.53
enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334

CSI 2.88

rCSI 44.64%

PRS 18.04
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 2.88

rCSI 7.92%

PRS 11.85
blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071

CSI 2.84

rCSI 5.9%

PRS 7.13
invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034

CSI 2.81

rCSI 16.61%

PRS 9.16
L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067

CSI 2.73

rCSI 8.97%

PRS 3.36
GABAergic interneuron CL0011005

CSI 2.7

rCSI 42.52%

PRS 2.17
periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026

CSI 2.66

rCSI 10.33%

PRS 11.27
amacrine cell CL0000561

CSI 2.64

rCSI 7.66%

PRS 5.89
endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138

CSI 2.52

rCSI 5%

PRS 22.6
myelocyte CL0002193

CSI 2.52

rCSI 16.52%

PRS 24.42
mucus secreting cell CL0000319

CSI 2.47

rCSI 3.92%

PRS 9.26
collagen secreting cell CL0000667

CSI 2.46

rCSI 14.1%

PRS 32.02
neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031

CSI 2.44

rCSI 3.13%

PRS 7
Kupffer cell CL0000091

CSI 2.38

rCSI 5.45%

PRS 6.94
vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131

CSI 2.31

rCSI 10.46%

PRS 30.76
acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623

CSI 2.31

rCSI 53.72%

PRS 11.69
large pre-B-II cell CL0000957

CSI 2.3

rCSI 6.56%

PRS 12.71
squamous epithelial cell CL0000076

CSI 2.3

rCSI 5.45%

PRS 9.49
retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586

CSI 2.29

rCSI 4.54%

PRS 7.74
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 2.27

rCSI 1.7%

PRS 7.37

Langerhans cell CL0000453

CSI -6.4

rCSI -9.7%

PRS 12.5%
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI -4.6

rCSI -5.6%

PRS 8.4%
contractile cell CL0000183

CSI -3.3

rCSI -9.6%

PRS 5.2%
exhausted T cell CL0011025

CSI -2.9

rCSI -48.3%

PRS 33.7%
CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397

CSI -1.0

rCSI -1.4%

PRS 10.0%
brain vascular cell CL4023072

CSI -0.8

rCSI -8.2%

PRS 6.7%
interneuron CL0000099

CSI -0.7

rCSI -1.3%

PRS 5.3%
M cell of gut CL0000682

CSI -0.6

rCSI -0.7%

PRS 12.8%
dopaminergic neuron CL0000700

CSI -0.6

rCSI -3.6%

PRS 2.4%
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI -0.6

rCSI -0.9%

PRS 11.5%
central nervous system macrophage CL0000878

CSI -0.5

rCSI -1.6%

PRS 5.7%
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI -0.5

rCSI -0.4%

PRS 7.3%
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011

CSI -0.4

rCSI -1.1%

PRS 9.0%
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI -0.3

rCSI -0.4%

PRS 10.9%
mesenchymal cell CL0008019

CSI -0.3

rCSI -0.7%

PRS 7.3%
kidney epithelial cell CL0002518

CSI -0.2

rCSI -0.4%

PRS 17.2%
cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012

CSI -0.2

rCSI -0.9%

PRS 7.9%
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI -0.2

rCSI -0.1%

PRS 12.6%
luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340

CSI -0.2

rCSI -0.8%

PRS 13.0%
cerebellar neuron CL1001611

CSI -0.1

rCSI -1.1%

PRS 2.0%
cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI -0.1

rCSI -0.3%

PRS 10.9%
enteroglial cell CL4040002

CSI -0.1

rCSI -0.3%

PRS 15.4%
peptic cell CL0000155

CSI 0.0

rCSI -0.3%

PRS 22.3%
tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001

CSI 0.0

rCSI 0.0%

PRS 13.9%
erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038

CSI 0.0

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 11.2%
pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 24.8%
hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 29.9%
group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 25.1%
tracheal goblet cell CL1000329

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.1%

PRS 14.6%
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.1%

PRS 10.6%
serotonergic neuron CL0000850

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 2.2%
regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 5.8%
respiratory goblet cell CL0002370

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 13.7%
odontoblast CL0000060

CSI 0.1

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 37.7%
CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 12.2%
Hofbauer cell CL3000001

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 8.9%
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 15.3%
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.1%

PRS 8.1%
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 26.6%
IgM plasma cell CL0000986

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 36.9%
luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 10.9%
OFFx cell CL4033036

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 8.4%
pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 10.8%
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 6.7%
type B pancreatic cell CL0000169

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 6.6%
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 16.3%
deuterosomal cell CL4033044

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 12.2%
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 9.4%
erythroid lineage cell CL0000764

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 18.2%
pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 17.5%
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 7.6%
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.1%

PRS 8.6%
pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 7.8%
erythroblast CL0000765

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 12.2%
diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031

CSI 0.2

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 8.1%
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 9.4%
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 11.6%
cardiac neuron CL0010022

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 5.2%
basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 22.9%
basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 15.9%
mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 12.4%
brush cell CL0002204

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 20.2%
megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553

CSI 0.2

rCSI 4.3%

PRS 19.9%
diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 7.3%
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 7.1%
myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.4%

PRS 23.2%
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 13.2%
GABAergic neuron CL0000617

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 5.6%
respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.7%

PRS 23.7%
eye photoreceptor cell CL0000287

CSI 0.3

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 22.1%
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 7.1%
fibroblast of breast CL4006000

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 19.5%
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 6.3%
enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.4%

PRS 19.6%
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 8.4%
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 8.3%
tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.4%

PRS 18.1%
airway submucosal gland duct basal cell CL4033024

CSI 0.3

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 28.5%
type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 14.2%
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 6.7%
mesothelial cell CL0000077

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 1.2%
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 6.6%
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 9.6%
glandular epithelial cell CL0000150

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 14.0%
regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 8.2%
primitive red blood cell CL0002355

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 13.7%
glutamatergic neuron CL0000679

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 7.8%
fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 4.4%
vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 5.4%
stromal cell CL0000499

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 10.4%
podocyte CL0000653

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 7.1%
basket cell CL0000118

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 2.2%
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 6.1%
follicular B cell CL0000843

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.5%

PRS 32.4%
Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695

CSI 0.4

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 16.3%
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 12.1%
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 7.5%
pancreatic A cell CL0000171

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 7.6%
flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033

CSI 0.4

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 8.0%
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 7.5%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

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Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [NKTR](/details-gene/4820), or Natural Killer Cell Triggering Receptor, encodes a cyclophilin-related protein with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, a crucial function in protein folding and conformational regulation ([GO:0000413](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000413), [GO:0003755](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003755)). Despite its historical name suggesting a primary role in the innate immune system ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.2.542)), transcriptomic data indicate its most significant expression is within the central nervous system. **Overall**, [NKTR](/details-gene/4820) is a highly significant marker for numerous neuronal subtypes, including various GABAergic cortical interneurons and glutamatergic neurons, suggesting a fundamental role in maintaining proteostasis and function in these metabolically active cells. Its clinical association is cataloged under OMIM entry [161565](https://omim.org/entry/161565). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [NKTR](/details-gene/4820) points towards a specialized and critical function within the cerebral cortex. The gene demonstrates its highest significance in a diverse array of neuronal populations. It is an exceptionally strong marker for GABAergic cortical interneurons, including [lamp5](/details-cell/CL4023011) (CSI: 52.60), [pvalb](/details-cell/CL4023018) (CSI: 52.37), [VIP](/details-cell/CL4023016) (CSI: 41.96), and [sst](/details-cell/CL4023017) (CSI: 38.33) subtypes. Additionally, it shows high significance in glutamatergic cortical neurons such as [L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4023040) (CSI: 37.11). This strong and broad expression across both inhibitory and excitatory neurons suggests that its protein folding activity is fundamental to general cortical function. Interestingly, while the gene was originally named for its presumed function in natural killer cells ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.2.542)), its significance in major immune lineages in this dataset is comparatively low. It does show moderate expression in [CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002396), indicating some role in the myeloid compartment. However, its notable lack of significance in cell types like [Langerhans cell](/details-cell/CL0000453) (CSI: -6.38), [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0002399) (CSI: -4.61), and [exhausted T cell](/details-cell/CL0011025) (CSI: -2.85) suggests its primary role, at the transcriptomic level, is outside of many adaptive and innate immune cell types. The low expression in non-neuronal, non-immune cells like [contractile cell](/details-cell/CL0000183) further sharpens its profile as a gene with a specialized function predominantly in the nervous system. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [NKTR](/details-gene/4820) is annotated as a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of peptide bonds preceding proline residues. This activity is a rate-limiting step in [protein folding](/details-cell/GO:0006457) and is critical for ensuring proteins achieve their correct three-dimensional structure and function. This is consistent with its structural relation to the cyclophilin family of proteins and its ability to bind the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A ([GO:0016018](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016018)). The protein product of [NKTR](/details-gene/4820) is localized to multiple subcellular compartments, including the [cytoplasm](/details-cell/GO:0005737), [mitochondrion](/details-cell/GO:0005739), [nucleus](/details-cell/GO:0005634), and [plasma membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005886). This broad distribution suggests it may act on a wide variety of protein substrates, potentially regulating diverse cellular processes from signal transduction at the membrane to gene expression in the nucleus. The numerous publications identifying its product in large-scale phosphoproteomics and SUMOylation studies suggest that its activity may be tightly regulated and that it may play a role in modulating complex signaling networks by altering protein conformation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2890)). Its high expression in neurons is consistent with the high demand for protein quality control in these long-lived, post-mitotic cells. ## Research Directions The most striking finding is the discordance between the gene's name, 'Natural Killer Cell Triggering Receptor', and its observed expression landscape, which is dominated by the central nervous system. This suggests that its historical characterization may not reflect its primary physiological role. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. **Neuronal Homeostasis Hypothesis:** [NKTR](/details-gene/4820) is a critical chaperone for the folding and conformational regulation of proteins essential for synaptic function and plasticity in cortical neurons. Its peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity may be required for the proper function of ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, or scaffolding proteins that underpin neuronal excitability and communication. 2. **Post-Translational Immune Regulation Hypothesis:** The role of [NKTR](/details-gene/4820) in immune cells, particularly NK cells, is not primarily regulated at the transcriptional level but rather through post-translational modifications like phosphorylation or SUMOylation upon cellular activation. Its enzymatic activity may be switched on or off in response to specific immune stimuli, a dynamic not captured by static transcriptomic profiling. To test the most compelling hypothesis supported by this dataset (Hypothesis 1), a targeted experimental approach is warranted: * **Proposed Experiment:** To elucidate the role of [NKTR](/details-gene/4820) in cortical interneuron function, a conditional knockout mouse model could be generated, specifically deleting the gene in `Pvalb`-expressing interneurons. Using brain slice electrophysiology, one could perform whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to measure changes in intrinsic firing properties, synaptic transmission (e.g., mIPSCs, mEPSCs), and long-term plasticity. Concurrently, co-immunoprecipitation of NKTR protein from primary cortical neuron cultures followed by mass spectrometry would identify its direct protein substrates, revealing the specific pathways it regulates. From a therapeutic perspective, [NKTR](/details-gene/4820) presents a complex profile. As an enzyme, it is a potentially druggable target, and its relation to cyclophilins suggests that inhibitors could be developed. Given its high expression in the brain, it could be a target for neurological disorders involving protein misfolding. However, its broad expression across many critical neuronal subtypes implies that systemic inhibition would carry a high risk of severe, on-target neurological side effects. Therefore, its potential as a therapeutic target likely depends on the development of highly specific modulators or advanced drug delivery systems capable of targeting specific brain circuits implicated in disease.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Natural-killer cells cyclophilin-related protein

Genular Protein ID: 3746892291

Symbol: NKTR_HUMAN

Name: Natural-killer cells cyclophilin-related protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P30414

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8421688

Title: A cyclophilin-related protein involved in the function of natural killer cells.

PubMed ID: 8421688

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.2.542

PubMed ID: 17081983

Title: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.

PubMed ID: 17081983

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25218447

Title: Uncovering global SUMOylation signaling networks in a site-specific manner.

PubMed ID: 25218447

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2890

PubMed ID: 25114211

Title: Mapping of SUMO sites and analysis of SUMOylation changes induced by external stimuli.

PubMed ID: 25114211

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413825111

PubMed ID: 25772364

Title: SUMO-2 orchestrates chromatin modifiers in response to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 25772364

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.033

PubMed ID: 25755297

Title: System-wide analysis of SUMOylation dynamics in response to replication stress reveals novel small ubiquitin-like modified target proteins and acceptor lysines relevant for genome stability.

PubMed ID: 25755297

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o114.044792

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

PubMed ID: 20676357

Title: Structural and biochemical characterization of the human cyclophilin family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases.

PubMed ID: 20676357

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000439

Sequence Information:

Length: 1462
Mass: 165677
Checksum: D98A1147763EF527
Sequence:

MGAQDRPQCH FDIEINREPV GRIMFQLFSD ICPKTCKNFL CLCSGEKGLG KTTGKKLCYK 
GSTFHRVVKN FMIQGGDFSE GNGKGGESIY GGYFKDENFI LKHDRAFLLS MANRGKHTNG 
SQFFITTKPA PHLDGVHVVF GLVISGFEVI EQIENLKTDA ASRPYADVRV IDCGVLATKS 
IKDVFEKKRK KPTHSEGSDS SSNSSSSSES SSESELEHER SRRRKHKRRP KVKRSKKRRK 
EASSSEEPRN KHAMNPKGHS ERSDTNEKRS VDSSAKREKP VVRPEEIPPV PENRFLLRRD 
MPVVTAEPEP KIPDVAPIVS DQKPSVSKSG RKIKGRGTIR YHTPPRSRSC SESDDDDSSE 
TPPHWKEEMQ RLRAYRPPSG EKWSKGDKLS DPCSSRWDER SLSQRSRSWS YNGYYSDLST 
ARHSGHHKKR RKEKKVKHKK KGKKQKHCRR HKQTKKRRIL IPSDIESSKS STRRMKSSCD 
RERSSRSSSL SSHHSSKRDW SKSDKDVQSS LTHSSRDSYR SKSHSQSYSR GSSRSRTASK 
SSSHSRSRSK SRSSSKSGHR KRASKSPRKT ASQLSENKPV KTEPLRATMA QNENVVVQPV 
VAENIPVIPL SDSPPPSRWK PGQKPWKPSY ERIQEMKAKT THLLPIQSTY SLANIKETGS 
SSSYHKREKN SESDQSTYSK YSDRSSESSP RSRSRSSRSR SYSRSYTRSR SLASSHSRSR 
SPSSRSHSRN KYSDHSQCSR SSSYTSISSD DGRRAKRRLR SSGKKNSVSH KKHSSSSEKT 
LHSKYVKGRD RSSCVRKYSE SRSSLDYSSD SEQSSVQATQ SAQEKEKQGQ MERTHNKQEK 
NRGEEKSKSE RECPHSKKRT LKENLSDHLR NGSKPKRKNY AGSKWDSESN SERDVTKNSK 
NDSHPSSDKE EGEATSDSES EVSEIHIKVK PTTKSSTNTS LPDDNGAWKS SKQRTSTSDS 
EGSCSNSENN RGKPQKHKHG SKENLKREHT KKVKEKLKGK KDKKHKAPKR KQAFHWQPPL 
EFGEEEEEEI DDKQVTQESK EKKVSENNET IKDNILKTEK SSEEDLSGKH DTVTVSSDLD 
QFTKDDSKLS ISPTALNTEE NVACLQNIQH VEESVPNGVE DVLQTDDNME ICTPDRSSPA 
KVEETSPLGN ARLDTPDINI VLKQDMATEH PQAEVVKQES SMSESKVLGE VGKQDSSSAS 
LASAGESTGK KEVAEKSQIN LIDKKWKPLQ GVGNLAAPNA ATSSAVEVKV LTTVPEMKPQ 
GLRIEIKSKN KVRPGSLFDE VRKTARLNRR PRNQESSSDE QTPSRDDDSQ SRSPSRSRSK 
SETKSRHRTR SVSYSHSRSR SRSSTSSYRS RSYSRSRSRG WYSRGRTRSR SSSYRSYKSH 
RTSSRSRSRS SSYDPHSRSR SYTYDSYYSR SRSRSRSQRS DSYHRGRSYN RRSRSCRSYG 
SDSESDRSYS HHRSPSESSR YS

	Overall overall
	Acute kidney failure MONDO0002492
	Alzheimer disease MONDO0004975
	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis MONDO0004976
	Ascending colon UBERON0001156
	Atherosclerosis MONDO0005311
	Basal cell carcinoma MONDO0020804
	Bipolar disorder MONDO0004985
	Bipolar I disorder MONDO0001866
	Blood UBERON0000178
	\|— Blood COVID-19 UBERON0000178_MONDO0100096
	\|— Blood Cytomegalovirus infection UBERON0000178_MONDO0005132
	\|— Blood Healthy UBERON0000178_PATO0000461
	Body of stomach UBERON0001161
	Bone marrow UBERON0002371
	\|— Bone marrow Healthy UBERON0002371_PATO0000461
	Brain UBERON0000955
	\|— Brain Healthy UBERON0000955_PATO0000461
	Breast UBERON0000310
	\|— Breast Breast cancer UBERON0000310_MONDO0007254
	\|— Breast Healthy UBERON0000310_PATO0000461
	\|— Breast cancer MONDO0007254
	Bronchus UBERON0002185
	Caecum UBERON0001153
	Caudate lobe of liver UBERON0001117
	Cerebellum UBERON0002037
	\|— Cerebellum Healthy UBERON0002037_PATO0000461
	Cerebral cortex UBERON0000956
	\|— Cerebral cortex Healthy UBERON0000956_PATO0000461
	Cerebrospinal fluid UBERON0001359
	Choroid plexus UBERON0001886
	Chronic kidney disease MONDO0005300
	Colon UBERON0001155
	\|— Colon Healthy UBERON0001155_PATO0000461
	Colorectal cancer MONDO0005575
	Cortex of kidney UBERON0001225
	\|— Cortex of kidney Healthy UBERON0001225_PATO0000461
	COVID-19 MONDO0100096
	Crohn disease MONDO0005011
	Cytomegalovirus infection MONDO0005132
	Dementia MONDO0001627
	Dental pulp UBERON0001754
	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex UBERON0009834
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Bipolar disorder UBERON0009834_MONDO0004985
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Bipolar I disorder UBERON0009834_MONDO0001866
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Dementia UBERON0009834_MONDO0001627
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Healthy UBERON0009834_PATO0000461
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Schizophrenia UBERON0009834_MONDO0005090
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Vascular dementia UBERON0009834_MONDO0004648
	Duodenum UBERON0002114
	\|— Duodenum Healthy UBERON0002114_PATO0000461
	Fovea centralis UBERON0001786
	\|— Fovea centralis Healthy UBERON0001786_PATO0000461
	Frontal cortex UBERON0001870
	Glioblastoma MONDO0018177
	Healthy PATO0000461
	Heart left ventricle UBERON0002084
	\|— Heart left ventricle Healthy UBERON0002084_PATO0000461
	Heart right ventricle UBERON0002080
	\|— Heart right ventricle Healthy UBERON0002080_PATO0000461
	Hippocampal formation UBERON0002421
	\|— Hippocampal formation Healthy UBERON0002421_PATO0000461
	Hypothalamus UBERON0001898
	\|— Hypothalamus Healthy UBERON0001898_PATO0000461
	Ileum UBERON0002116
	\|— Ileum Healthy UBERON0002116_PATO0000461
	\|— Ileum lamina propria UBERON8600035
	Interventricular septum UBERON0002094
	Islet of Langerhans UBERON0000006
	Isolated focal cortical dysplasia type II MONDO0011818
	Kidney UBERON0002113
	\|— Kidney Healthy UBERON0002113_PATO0000461
	Lamina propria of small intestine UBERON0001238
	Leukoencephalopathy, diffuse hereditary, with spheroids 1 MONDO0800027
	Liver UBERON0002107
	\|— Liver Healthy UBERON0002107_PATO0000461
	Lung UBERON0002048
	\|— Lung Healthy UBERON0002048_PATO0000461
	\|— Lung Renal cell carcinoma UBERON0002048_MONDO0005086
	\|— Lung adenocarcinoma MONDO0005061
	\|— Lung parenchyma UBERON0008946
	Lymph node UBERON0000029
	\|— Lymph node Metastatic melanoma UBERON0000029_MONDO0005191
	Malignant ovarian serous tumor MONDO0024885
	Medial orbital frontal cortex UBERON0022352
	Mesenteric lymph node UBERON0002509
	\|— Mesenteric lymph node Healthy UBERON0002509_PATO0000461
	Metastatic melanoma MONDO0005191
	Midbrain UBERON0001891
	\|— Midbrain Healthy UBERON0001891_PATO0000461
	Nasopharynx UBERON0001728
	Neocortex UBERON0001950
	\|— Neocortex Healthy UBERON0001950_PATO0000461
	Neuroblastoma MONDO0005072
	Occipital cortex UBERON0016540
	Ovary UBERON0000992
	\|— Ovary Healthy UBERON0000992_PATO0000461
	Pancreas UBERON0001264
	\|— Pancreas Healthy UBERON0001264_PATO0000461
	Parkinson disease MONDO0005180
	Peripheral region of retina UBERON0013682
	\|— Peripheral region of retina Healthy UBERON0013682_PATO0000461
	Placenta UBERON0001987
	Pleural effusion UBERON0000175
	Pons UBERON0000988
	\|— Pons Healthy UBERON0000988_PATO0000461
	Prefrontal cortex UBERON0000451
	\|— Prefrontal cortex Healthy UBERON0000451_PATO0000461
	Primary motor cortex UBERON0001384
	\|— Primary motor cortex Healthy UBERON0001384_PATO0000461
	Primary visual cortex UBERON0002436
	Renal cell carcinoma MONDO0005086
	Renal medulla UBERON0000362
	\|— Renal medulla Healthy UBERON0000362_PATO0000461
	Respiratory airway UBERON0001005
	\|— Respiratory airway COVID-19 UBERON0001005_MONDO0100096
	Retina UBERON0000966
	\|— Retina Healthy UBERON0000966_PATO0000461
	Right atrium auricular region UBERON0006631
	Right cardiac atrium UBERON0002078
	\|— Right cardiac atrium Healthy UBERON0002078_PATO0000461
	Schizophrenia MONDO0005090
	Sigmoid colon UBERON0001159
	Skin of body UBERON0002097
	Small cell lung carcinoma MONDO0008433
	Spleen UBERON0002106
	\|— Spleen Healthy UBERON0002106_PATO0000461
	Stomach UBERON0000945
	\|— Stomach Healthy UBERON0000945_PATO0000461
	Substantia nigra pars compacta UBERON0001965
	Telencephalon UBERON0001893
	\|— Telencephalon Healthy UBERON0001893_PATO0000461
	Thalamic complex UBERON0010225
	\|— Thalamic complex Healthy UBERON0010225_PATO0000461
	Thymus UBERON0002370
	\|— Thymus Healthy UBERON0002370_PATO0000461
	UBERON0005290 UBERON0005290
	\|— UBERON0005290 Healthy UBERON0005290_PATO0000461
	UBERON8440012 UBERON8440012
	\|— UBERON8440012 Healthy UBERON8440012_PATO0000461
	Upper lobe of left lung UBERON0008952
	Vascular dementia MONDO0004648

Details for: NKTR

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

A cyclophilin-related protein involved in the function of natural killer cells. PubMed ID: 8421688

Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. PubMed ID: 17081983

A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. PubMed ID: 18669648

Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. PubMed ID: 19690332

Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. PubMed ID: 20068231

System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation. PubMed ID: 21406692

Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 23186163

An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 24275569

Uncovering global SUMOylation signaling networks in a site-specific manner. PubMed ID: 25218447

Mapping of SUMO sites and analysis of SUMOylation changes induced by external stimuli. PubMed ID: 25114211

SUMO-2 orchestrates chromatin modifiers in response to DNA damage. PubMed ID: 25772364

System-wide analysis of SUMOylation dynamics in response to replication stress reveals novel small ubiquitin-like modified target proteins and acceptor lysines relevant for genome stability. PubMed ID: 25755297

Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation. PubMed ID: 28112733

Structural and biochemical characterization of the human cyclophilin family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases. PubMed ID: 20676357