Details for: GLRX2

Gene ID: 51022

Symbol: GLRX2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000023572

Description: glutaredoxin 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 110.6431
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 64.8943
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 42.4466
    Cell Significance Index: -20.0400
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 41.2300
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7500
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 37.4039
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2400
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 29.7457
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9600
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 17.9211
    Cell Significance Index: -17.1100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 15.6453
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 11.3353
    Cell Significance Index: 186.7900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 7.7228
    Cell Significance Index: 1469.6800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 5.7077
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 5.0164
    Cell Significance Index: -19.8000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 4.4051
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5300
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.7330
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 1.1536
    Cell Significance Index: 134.4400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.0437
    Cell Significance Index: 14.2400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9362
    Cell Significance Index: 152.2600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.8461
    Cell Significance Index: 23.0300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.7768
    Cell Significance Index: 40.3500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.7047
    Cell Significance Index: 48.7400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.6531
    Cell Significance Index: 17.5000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.5081
    Cell Significance Index: 91.5900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.5020
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.4353
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.4064
    Cell Significance Index: 19.1000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.3992
    Cell Significance Index: 49.0800
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.3905
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3725
    Cell Significance Index: 17.3700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3563
    Cell Significance Index: 71.4800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3461
    Cell Significance Index: 312.4600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.3183
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7700
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.2959
    Cell Significance Index: 20.9300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.2856
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2854
    Cell Significance Index: 126.1700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.2814
    Cell Significance Index: 14.6600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.2693
    Cell Significance Index: 16.9800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.2556
    Cell Significance Index: 50.7200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.2249
    Cell Significance Index: 30.8900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2155
    Cell Significance Index: 117.7100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1826
    Cell Significance Index: 18.0600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.1799
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1652
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1634
    Cell Significance Index: 58.6200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1600
    Cell Significance Index: 20.5100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.1561
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.1500
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1438
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8400
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0894
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0880
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0855
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.0668
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.0592
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.0572
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5400
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7800
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0181
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0447
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0483
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0530
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.0635
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0670
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0756
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0968
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1240
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1272
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.1589
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.1608
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.1656
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1686
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1795
    Cell Significance Index: -18.6900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1963
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8200
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1996
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1000
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.2101
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.2143
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2222
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4700
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.2268
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2400
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.2377
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.2405
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2427
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8800
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2521
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.2729
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2914
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.3513
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0300
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.3548
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Glutaredoxin Activity:** GLRX2 exhibits glutaredoxin activity, enabling it to reduce glutathione disulfide to its reduced form, thereby alleviating oxidative stress. 2. **Iron-Sulfur Cluster Binding:** This gene binds to iron-sulfur clusters, facilitating electron transfer and redox reactions. 3. **Cellular Redox Homeostasis:** GLRX2 is essential for maintaining cellular redox balance by neutralizing ROS and protecting against oxidative damage. 4. **DNA Protection:** GLRX2's involvement in DNA protection mechanisms underscores its role in maintaining genomic integrity. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Electron Transfer Activity:** GLRX2 participates in electron transfer reactions, enabling the reduction of ROS and maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. 2. **Glutathione Metabolic Process:** This gene is involved in the regulation of glutathione metabolic processes, ensuring the proper functioning of antioxidant defenses. 3. **Apoptotic Process:** GLRX2's participation in the apoptotic process highlights its role in regulating cell death and maintaining tissue homeostasis. 4. **Cell Differentiation:** GLRX2's involvement in cell differentiation mechanisms underscores its importance in regulating cellular development and function. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Cancer and Oxidative Stress:** Dysregulation of GLRX2 has been implicated in various cancers, where oxidative stress plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Restoring GLRX2 expression may potentially inhibit cancer progression. 2. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** GLRX2's role in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis makes it a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 3. **Metabolic Disorders:** GLRX2's involvement in regulating cellular redox homeostasis and glucose metabolism suggests its potential role in metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. 4. **Cardiovascular Diseases:** GLRX2's participation in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation may make it a valuable therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, GLRX2 is a vital gene involved in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating various cellular processes. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the need for further research into the therapeutic potential of this gene.

Genular Protein ID: 2944398657

Symbol: GLRX2_HUMAN

Name: Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9NS18 Q3LR69 Q7L1N7 Q96JC0 Q9Y3D4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 5 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 24 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 5 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11297543

Title: Cloning and expression of a novel human glutaredoxin (Grx2) with mitochondrial and nuclear isoforms.

PubMed ID: 11297543

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011605200

PubMed ID: 11397793

Title: Identification and characterization of a new mammalian glutaredoxin (thioltransferase), Grx2.

PubMed ID: 11397793

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100020200

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 10810093

Title: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics.

PubMed ID: 10810093

DOI: 10.1101/gr.10.5.703

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15184054

Title: Cellular and plasma levels of human glutaredoxin 1 and 2 detected by sensitive ELISA systems.

PubMed ID: 15184054

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.199

PubMed ID: 15297967

Title: Expression of glutaredoxin is highly cell specific in human lung and is decreased by transforming growth factor-beta in vitro and in interstitial lung diseases in vivo.

PubMed ID: 15297967

DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.04.009

PubMed ID: 14676218

Title: Human mitochondrial glutaredoxin reduces S-glutathionylated proteins with high affinity accepting electrons from either glutathione or thioredoxin reductase.

PubMed ID: 14676218

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312719200

PubMed ID: 15328416

Title: Short interfering RNA-mediated silencing of glutaredoxin 2 increases the sensitivity of HeLa cells toward doxorubicin and phenylarsine oxide.

PubMed ID: 15328416

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0401896101

PubMed ID: 15649413

Title: Overexpression of glutaredoxin 2 attenuates apoptosis by preventing cytochrome c release.

PubMed ID: 15649413

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.067

PubMed ID: 15917333

Title: Characterization of human glutaredoxin 2 as iron-sulfur protein: a possible role as redox sensor.

PubMed ID: 15917333

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500735102

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 17121859

Title: Reversible sequestration of active site cysteines in a 2Fe-2S-bridged dimer provides a mechanism for glutaredoxin 2 regulation in human mitochondria.

PubMed ID: 17121859

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608179200

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 164
  • Mass: 18052
  • Checksum: D9798A01BB532A5D
  • Sequence:
    • MIWRRAALAG TRLVWSRSGS AGWLDRAAGA AGAAAAAASG MESNTSSSLE NLATAPVNQI 
QETISDNCVV IFSKTSCSYC TMAKKLFHDM NVNYKVVELD LLEYGNQFQD ALYKMTGERT 
VPRIFVNGTF IGGATDTHRL HKEGKLLPLV HQCYLKKSKR KEFQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.