Details for: EMC4

Gene ID: 51234

Symbol: EMC4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128463

Description: ER membrane protein complex subunit 4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 321.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -49.9400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 188.4536
    Cell Significance Index: -47.8000
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 145.8195
    Cell Significance Index: -60.0700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 126.1748
    Cell Significance Index: -59.5700
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 121.5240
    Cell Significance Index: -49.3700
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 109.1011
    Cell Significance Index: -56.1200
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 89.1476
    Cell Significance Index: -59.8200
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 51.7103
    Cell Significance Index: -49.3700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 47.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -57.9600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 15.2532
    Cell Significance Index: -60.1900
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 13.8212
    Cell Significance Index: -37.0300
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 10.5292
    Cell Significance Index: -32.3400
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 5.2043
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3900
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 2.6227
    Cell Significance Index: 22.0300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 2.1694
    Cell Significance Index: 45.4100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.8784
    Cell Significance Index: 49.3900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 1.7331
    Cell Significance Index: 80.8100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.5049
    Cell Significance Index: 16.3600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.4971
    Cell Significance Index: 205.5900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.4491
    Cell Significance Index: 108.0000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 1.4400
    Cell Significance Index: 50.0400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.1917
    Cell Significance Index: 153.9600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.1034
    Cell Significance Index: 135.6700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 1.0137
    Cell Significance Index: 448.1700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.9409
    Cell Significance Index: 65.0700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.9336
    Cell Significance Index: 168.2900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.9020
    Cell Significance Index: 63.7900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.8947
    Cell Significance Index: 114.6900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.8850
    Cell Significance Index: 799.0600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.8777
    Cell Significance Index: 479.3300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.8575
    Cell Significance Index: 45.0200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.8266
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.8121
    Cell Significance Index: 11.0800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.7791
    Cell Significance Index: 40.4700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.7685
    Cell Significance Index: 36.1200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.7579
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6300
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.6977
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.6338
    Cell Significance Index: 74.7400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.6149
    Cell Significance Index: 18.0600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.5816
    Cell Significance Index: 37.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.5205
    Cell Significance Index: 84.6600
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.5191
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.4740
    Cell Significance Index: 80.9300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3640
    Cell Significance Index: 69.2800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3420
    Cell Significance Index: 68.6100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.3166
    Cell Significance Index: 218.9800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.2872
    Cell Significance Index: 18.1000
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.2815
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2063
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0973
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0882
    Cell Significance Index: 31.6300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: 47.1900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.0527
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0466
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8400
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: -42.1900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0355
    Cell Significance Index: -65.5500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: -64.8300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0513
    Cell Significance Index: -69.8000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -44.8200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0730
    Cell Significance Index: -41.1800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0996
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1072
    Cell Significance Index: -22.5800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.1147
    Cell Significance Index: -52.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1396
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1424
    Cell Significance Index: -40.9800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.1788
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.2034
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8600
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.2255
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2100
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.2556
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2570
    Cell Significance Index: -29.9500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.2587
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.3590
    Cell Significance Index: -52.1800
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.3654
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.4028
    Cell Significance Index: -45.9800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.4118
    Cell Significance Index: -23.1100
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.5518
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.5659
    Cell Significance Index: -44.8200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.5753
    Cell Significance Index: -35.3600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.5803
    Cell Significance Index: -60.4200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.6191
    Cell Significance Index: -19.8300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.6579
    Cell Significance Index: -50.4900
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.7262
    Cell Significance Index: -21.3900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.7623
    Cell Significance Index: -51.2600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.7903
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1800
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.8041
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.8252
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.9333
    Cell Significance Index: -48.6200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.9664
    Cell Significance Index: -59.2500
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.9709
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.9757
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -1.0237
    Cell Significance Index: -51.7400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -1.0874
    Cell Significance Index: -27.9500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -1.0878
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: -1.1169
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **ER Membrane Complex:** EMC4 is a subunit of the ER membrane complex, a protein complex that regulates protein insertion, folding, and trafficking within the ER. 2. **Tail-Anchored Membrane Protein:** EMC4 is a tail-anchored membrane protein, which means it is attached to the ER membrane via a short hydrophobic tail. 3. **Stop-Transfer Mechanism:** EMC4 uses a stop-transfer mechanism to insert proteins into the ER membrane, which involves the insertion of a protein into the membrane and subsequent transfer of the protein across the membrane. 4. **Multifunctional:** EMC4 has been implicated in various cellular processes, including protein insertion, apoptosis, and membrane trafficking. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Apoptotic Process:** EMC4 has been shown to regulate the apoptotic process by influencing the insertion of pro-apoptotic proteins into the ER membrane. 2. **Protein Insertion:** EMC4 is essential for the insertion of proteins into the ER membrane through a stop-transfer mechanism, which is critical for protein folding and function. 3. **Membrane Trafficking:** EMC4 is involved in membrane trafficking, including the transport of proteins and lipids between the ER and Golgi apparatus. 4. **Cellular Homeostasis:** EMC4 plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating protein expression and function in response to changes in the cellular environment. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Hematological Disorders:** Mutations in the EMC4 gene have been implicated in hematological disorders, such as anemia and leukemia, highlighting its importance in hematopoiesis. 2. **Neurological Disorders:** EMC4 has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 3. **Cancer:** EMC4 has been implicated in cancer, including the regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis. 4. **Developmental Disorders:** EMC4 is essential for normal development, and mutations in the gene have been linked to developmental disorders, such as embryonic stem cell failure. In conclusion, the EMC4 gene is a critical component of the ER membrane complex, essential for protein insertion, folding, and trafficking. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including hematological, neurological, and cancer disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the functions of EMC4 and its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Genular Protein ID: 2309620071

Symbol: EMC4_HUMAN

Name: ER membrane protein complex subunit 4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q5J8M3 A8K3A9 B4DJQ4 Q96KX9 Q9BUI5 Q9P0T9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 2 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 8 EMDB 7 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 7 PDBsum 7 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TCDB 1 TopDownProteomics 2 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11042152

Title: Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.

PubMed ID: 11042152

DOI: 10.1101/gr.140200

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16572171

Title: Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15.

PubMed ID: 16572171

DOI: 10.1038/nature04601

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17081983

Title: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.

PubMed ID: 17081983

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026

PubMed ID: 18586032

Title: Transmembrane protein 85 from both human (TMEM85) and yeast (YGL231c) inhibit hydrogen peroxide mediated cell death in yeast.

PubMed ID: 18586032

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.06.042

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 22119785

Title: Defining human ERAD networks through an integrative mapping strategy.

PubMed ID: 22119785

DOI: 10.1038/ncb2383

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25489052

Title: Biochemical and cellular analysis of Ogden syndrome reveals downstream Nt-acetylation defects.

PubMed ID: 25489052

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu611

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 30415835

Title: EMC Is Required to Initiate Accurate Membrane Protein Topogenesis.

PubMed ID: 30415835

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.009

PubMed ID: 29809151

Title: The ER membrane protein complex interacts cotranslationally to enable biogenesis of multipass membrane proteins.

PubMed ID: 29809151

DOI: 10.7554/elife.37018

PubMed ID: 29242231

Title: The ER membrane protein complex is a transmembrane domain insertase.

PubMed ID: 29242231

DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3099

PubMed ID: 32459176

Title: The architecture of EMC reveals a path for membrane protein insertion.

PubMed ID: 32459176

DOI: 10.7554/elife.57887

PubMed ID: 32439656

Title: Structural basis for membrane insertion by the human ER membrane protein complex.

PubMed ID: 32439656

DOI: 10.1126/science.abb5008

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 183
  • Mass: 20087
  • Checksum: 96888D46FF22DEDE
  • Sequence:
    • MTAQGGLVAN RGRRFKWAIE LSGPGGGSRG RSDRGSGQGD SLYPVGYLDK QVPDTSVQET 
DRILVEKRCW DIALGPLKQI PMNLFIMYMA GNTISIFPTM MVCMMAWRPI QALMAISATF 
KMLESSSQKF LQGLVYLIGN LMGLALAVYK CQSMGLLPTH ASDWLAFIEP PERMEFSGGG 
LLL

Genular Protein ID: 1528268553

Symbol: A0A0S2Z598_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A0A0S2Z598

Database IDs:

ARBA 10 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 2 InterPro 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 Pfam 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 2 SMR 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 26871637

Title: Widespread Expansion of Protein Interaction Capabilities by Alternative Splicing.

PubMed ID: 26871637

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.029

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 149
  • Mass: 16745
  • Checksum: D23EDF429CD88EBF
  • Sequence:
    • MTAQGGLVAN RGRRFKWAIE LSGPGGGSRG RSDRGSGQGD SLYPVGYLDK QVPDTSVQET 
DRILVEKRCW DIALGPLKQI PMNLFIMYMA GNTISIFPTM MVCMMAWRPI QALMAISAKN 
GVQWWRTAFV NMRKQRLVPM YLGLIYILL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.