Details for: COA4

Gene ID: 51287

Symbol: COA4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000181924

Description: cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 homolog

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 195.3773
    Cell Significance Index: -30.3900
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 104.5279
    Cell Significance Index: -43.0600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 97.6568
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 79.8945
    Cell Significance Index: -37.7200
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 79.5801
    Cell Significance Index: -32.3300
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 71.5417
    Cell Significance Index: -36.8000
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 34.1558
    Cell Significance Index: -32.6100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 28.8048
    Cell Significance Index: -35.5200
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 10.8292
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 9.4373
    Cell Significance Index: -37.2400
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 8.5562
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2800
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 4.5874
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0400
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 2.3774
    Cell Significance Index: 19.9700
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 2.2598
    Cell Significance Index: 20.8100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 2.0935
    Cell Significance Index: 340.4800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.9942
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6800
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 1.8127
    Cell Significance Index: 41.8800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.7282
    Cell Significance Index: 47.0400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.6653
    Cell Significance Index: 86.5100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.6320
    Cell Significance Index: 43.7300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.5326
    Cell Significance Index: 837.0000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.4215
    Cell Significance Index: 256.2600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.4003
    Cell Significance Index: 172.1800
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.3902
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.2973
    Cell Significance Index: 178.1600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.0352
    Cell Significance Index: 46.9200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.9940
    Cell Significance Index: 64.1300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.9791
    Cell Significance Index: 46.0200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.9443
    Cell Significance Index: 44.0300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.8743
    Cell Significance Index: 18.3000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.8548
    Cell Significance Index: 60.4600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.8314
    Cell Significance Index: 750.6800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.7967
    Cell Significance Index: 352.2600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.7695
    Cell Significance Index: 57.3500
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.7430
    Cell Significance Index: 21.8200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.7320
    Cell Significance Index: 93.8400
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.7002
    Cell Significance Index: 138.9500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.6707
    Cell Significance Index: 7.6200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.6337
    Cell Significance Index: 74.7300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.6320
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4700
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.5678
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1600
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.5408
    Cell Significance Index: 14.2200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.4420
    Cell Significance Index: 57.1000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.3882
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3238
    Cell Significance Index: 22.3900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.3038
    Cell Significance Index: 8.7100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2871
    Cell Significance Index: 54.6300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1914
    Cell Significance Index: 18.9400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.1489
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1174
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0805
    Cell Significance Index: 16.1500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0763
    Cell Significance Index: 57.7900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0546
    Cell Significance Index: 19.5900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2900
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0178
    Cell Significance Index: -32.7400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -32.6700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0257
    Cell Significance Index: -35.0100
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0384
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: -28.5100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0573
    Cell Significance Index: -32.3200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0641
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0682
    Cell Significance Index: -42.5800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0840
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0899
    Cell Significance Index: -25.8700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1050
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1324
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1354
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1593
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1793
    Cell Significance Index: -26.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1967
    Cell Significance Index: -41.4300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2098
    Cell Significance Index: -24.0400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.2197
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2281
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8800
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: -0.2293
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2462
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5000
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.2600
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.2734
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.2841
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2864
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.3230
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.3379
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3544
    Cell Significance Index: -36.9000
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.3613
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.3832
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.3898
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.4152
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2300
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4735
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.4896
    Cell Significance Index: -32.9200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.5107
    Cell Significance Index: -25.8100
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.5834
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.6236
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.6843
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.7575
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** COA4 is a mitochondrial protein that facilitates the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase, a crucial component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The gene is highly expressed in cells with high energy demands, such as hematopoietic cells and smooth muscle cells. COA4 is also expressed in immune cells, including T cells and mast cells, suggesting its involvement in immune function and regulation. The protein is localized to the mitochondria, where it plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing oxidative damage. **Pathways and Functions:** The COA4 gene is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Assembly:** COA4 facilitates the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase, a critical component of the electron transport chain. 2. **Mitochondrial Protein Import:** COA4 is involved in the import of mitochondrial proteins, ensuring proper mitochondrial function and preventing protein misfolding. 3. **Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space:** COA4 is localized to the intermembrane space of mitochondria, where it interacts with other mitochondrial proteins to regulate mitochondrial function. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of COA4 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Mitochondrial Disorders:** Mutations in the COA4 gene have been associated with mitochondrial disorders, such as mitochondrial myopathies and encephalopathies. 2. **Immune-Related Diseases:** COA4 has been implicated in immune-related diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer. 3. **Metabolic Disorders:** COA4 has been linked to metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. In conclusion, COA4 is a critical gene involved in mitochondrial function and immune regulation. Understanding its role in these processes is essential in uncovering its involvement in various diseases. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which COA4 dysregulation contributes to disease and to develop therapeutic strategies to target this gene. **Implications for Immunology:** The study of COA4 has significant implications for immunology, particularly in the context of immune-related diseases. COA4's involvement in mitochondrial function and immune regulation highlights the importance of mitochondrial health in maintaining immune homeostasis. Understanding the role of COA4 in immune cells, such as T cells and mast cells, may provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related disorders. **Future Directions:** Future research should focus on: 1. **Elucidating the Mechanisms of COA4 Dysregulation:** Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying COA4 dysregulation in disease will provide insights into the development of therapeutic strategies. 2. **Exploring the Role of COA4 in Immune Cells:** Further research is needed to understand the role of COA4 in immune cells and its implications for immune-related diseases. 3. **Developing Therapeutic Strategies:** Targeting COA4 may provide novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related diseases and mitochondrial disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 3393908048

Symbol: COA4_HUMAN

Name: Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 homolog, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9NYJ1 B2RAA0 Q69YU4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11085516

Title: Effects of estrogen on global gene expression: identification of novel targets of estrogen action.

PubMed ID: 11085516

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 23676665

Title: Protein import and oxidative folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space of intact mammalian cells.

PubMed ID: 23676665

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-12-0862

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 87
  • Mass: 10134
  • Checksum: D6F137CACF7AAE6A
  • Sequence:
    • MSTSVPQGHT WTQRVKKDDE EEDPLDQLIS RSGCAASHFA VQECMAQHQD WRQCQPQVQA 
FKDCMSEQQA RRQEELQRRQ EQAGAHH

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.