Details for: SPG21

Gene ID: 51324

Symbol: SPG21

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000090487

Description: SPG21 abhydrolase domain containing, maspardin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 263.5246
    Cell Significance Index: -40.9900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 141.8133
    Cell Significance Index: -35.9700
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 121.0348
    Cell Significance Index: -49.8600
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 98.8290
    Cell Significance Index: -40.1500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 97.2629
    Cell Significance Index: -45.9200
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 87.1720
    Cell Significance Index: -44.8400
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 68.6416
    Cell Significance Index: -46.0600
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 42.3151
    Cell Significance Index: -40.4000
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 35.6096
    Cell Significance Index: -43.9100
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 12.7629
    Cell Significance Index: -34.1900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 11.4114
    Cell Significance Index: -45.0300
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 11.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -33.8200
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 7.4340
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 3.3581
    Cell Significance Index: 232.2300
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 2.0876
    Cell Significance Index: 38.5900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 1.5004
    Cell Significance Index: 52.1400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 1.4793
    Cell Significance Index: 39.5000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.9863
    Cell Significance Index: 890.5500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.9430
    Cell Significance Index: 129.5000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.8045
    Cell Significance Index: 16.8400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.7732
    Cell Significance Index: 20.3300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.6890
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.6778
    Cell Significance Index: 370.1400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.6468
    Cell Significance Index: 116.6000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.6331
    Cell Significance Index: 74.6600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.6085
    Cell Significance Index: 78.0100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.5695
    Cell Significance Index: 70.0200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.5631
    Cell Significance Index: 41.9700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.5542
    Cell Significance Index: 111.1800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.5504
    Cell Significance Index: 25.6600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.5415
    Cell Significance Index: 14.7400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.5013
    Cell Significance Index: 64.7700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4596
    Cell Significance Index: 91.2000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.4411
    Cell Significance Index: 195.0400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.4103
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.3663
    Cell Significance Index: 19.0300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.3613
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3292
    Cell Significance Index: 62.6400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2883
    Cell Significance Index: 103.4000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2692
    Cell Significance Index: 26.6300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.2201
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.2146
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.2137
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1840
    Cell Significance Index: 31.4200
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.1027
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0948
    Cell Significance Index: 15.4200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0784
    Cell Significance Index: 54.2300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0761
    Cell Significance Index: 57.5700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0516
    Cell Significance Index: 97.1300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0229
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6400
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0150
    Cell Significance Index: -23.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0228
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0234
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0311
    Cell Significance Index: -42.2400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0495
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0502
    Cell Significance Index: -22.7900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0601
    Cell Significance Index: -33.9100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0610
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.0804
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0842
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1069
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1146
    Cell Significance Index: -24.1300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1256
    Cell Significance Index: -36.1500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1454
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1710
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.1862
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1865
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2278
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2367
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.2373
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2796
    Cell Significance Index: -32.0300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2892
    Cell Significance Index: -22.2000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.3116
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6400
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.3326
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.3734
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3930
    Cell Significance Index: -40.9200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.4190
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.4702
    Cell Significance Index: -37.2400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.5643
    Cell Significance Index: -16.6200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.5828
    Cell Significance Index: -25.7800
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.6240
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.6326
    Cell Significance Index: -38.7900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.6450
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.7306
    Cell Significance Index: -27.6700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.7481
    Cell Significance Index: -45.9800
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.7960
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.8180
    Cell Significance Index: -41.3400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.8458
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.8530
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.9228
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7200
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.9374
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5700
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: -0.9464
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** SPG21 is a 342-amino acid protein that belongs to the abhydrolase domain-containing family. The maspardin protein exhibits a unique structure, comprising a catalytic domain and several non-catalytic regions. These non-catalytic regions are thought to play a crucial role in protein-protein interactions, modulating the protein's activity and cellular localization. The expression of SPG21 is widespread, with significant levels detected in various immune cells, including mast cells, T cells, and macrophages. Notably, SPG21 is also expressed in non-immune cells, such as epithelial cells and stem cells. **Pathways and Functions:** The pathways and functions of SPG21 are multifaceted and far-reaching. In the context of immune regulation, SPG21 has been implicated in various processes, including: 1. **Antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway:** SPG21 interacts with the T cell receptor (TCR) complex, modulating the activation and proliferation of T cells. 2. **Cd4 receptor binding:** SPG21 binds to the CD4 receptor on T cells, regulating their activation and function. 3. **Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway:** SPG21 interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), influencing cell growth and differentiation. Beyond its role in immune regulation, SPG21 has also been implicated in other cellular processes, including: 1. **Neuron maturation:** SPG21 is expressed in neurons and has been shown to regulate their development and maturation. 2. **Limb development:** SPG21 is involved in the regulation of limb development, suggesting a role in embryonic development. 3. **Cytoskeletal organization:** SPG21 has been shown to interact with actin filaments, influencing cytoskeletal organization and cell migration. **Clinical Significance:** The clinical significance of SPG21 is an area of active research. Dysregulation of SPG21 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Autoimmune disorders:** Abnormalities in SPG21 expression have been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 2. **Cancer:** SPG21 has been shown to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, including breast and lung cancer. 3. **Neurological disorders:** Abnormalities in SPG21 expression have been linked to neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, SPG21 is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in regulating various cellular processes, including immune cell function, development, and tissue homeostasis. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the clinical significance of SPG21 and its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1321096721

Symbol: SPG21_HUMAN

Name: Maspardin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9NZD8 B4DW44 Q6ZMB6

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 8 ESTHER 1 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 6 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11113139

Title: Cloning of ACP33 as a novel intracellular ligand of CD4.

PubMed ID: 11113139

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009270200

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16572171

Title: Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15.

PubMed ID: 16572171

DOI: 10.1038/nature04601

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 14564668

Title: Maspardin is mutated in Mast syndrome, a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with dementia.

PubMed ID: 14564668

DOI: 10.1086/379522

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19184135

Title: Interaction of the SPG21 protein ACP33/maspardin with the aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH16A1.

PubMed ID: 19184135

DOI: 10.1007/s10048-009-0172-6

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 308
  • Mass: 34960
  • Checksum: 83C4F7B4B3EDEC7C
  • Sequence:
    • MGEIKVSPDY NWFRGTVPLK KIIVDDDDSK IWSLYDAGPR SIRCPLIFLP PVSGTADVFF 
RQILALTGWG YRVIALQYPV YWDHLEFCDG FRKLLDHLQL DKVHLFGASL GGFLAQKFAE 
YTHKSPRVHS LILCNSFSDT SIFNQTWTAN SFWLMPAFML KKIVLGNFSS GPVDPMMADA 
IDFMVDRLES LGQSELASRL TLNCQNSYVE PHKIRDIPVT IMDVFDQSAL STEAKEEMYK 
LYPNARRAHL KTGGNFPYLC RSAEVNLYVQ IHLLQFHGTK YAAIDPSMVS AEELEVQKGS 
LGISQEEQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.