Details for: GINS2

Gene ID: 51659

Symbol: GINS2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131153

Description: GINS complex subunit 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 26.1441
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7700
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 21.9565
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 21.6051
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4800
  • Cell Name: basophilic erythroblast (CL0000549)
    Fold Change: 15.4258
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0300
  • Cell Name: colon endothelial cell (CL1001572)
    Fold Change: 7.3898
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 6.5371
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 3.8188
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 3.0824
    Cell Significance Index: 33.5100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 2.4476
    Cell Significance Index: 242.1200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 2.4430
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6400
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 2.2236
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 1.8875
    Cell Significance Index: 65.5900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.5278
    Cell Significance Index: 91.7200
  • Cell Name: sensory neuron (CL0000101)
    Fold Change: 1.5121
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.4837
    Cell Significance Index: 282.3700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.4212
    Cell Significance Index: 167.6000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 1.2894
    Cell Significance Index: 34.4900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.2585
    Cell Significance Index: 136.8900
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 1.1414
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 1.1098
    Cell Significance Index: 23.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.0907
    Cell Significance Index: 177.3900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.0397
    Cell Significance Index: 33.3000
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: 0.8313
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.4970
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.4088
    Cell Significance Index: 28.2700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.3985
    Cell Significance Index: 22.3600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3509
    Cell Significance Index: 316.8700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.3402
    Cell Significance Index: 39.6500
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.3045
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2995
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.2907
    Cell Significance Index: 18.7600
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.2343
    Cell Significance Index: 6.1600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.2209
    Cell Significance Index: 13.9200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2196
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2121
    Cell Significance Index: 115.8300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.2010
    Cell Significance Index: 39.8900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2006
    Cell Significance Index: 88.6800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1953
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1640
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1474
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.1113
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0864
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6200
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0816
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8500
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.0701
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.0368
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0364
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0249
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8600
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1100
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0230
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4300
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) (CL0000338)
    Fold Change: -0.0352
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0502
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0526
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0603
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8800
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.0682
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0729
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0776
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: -0.0859
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0913
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0942
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7900
  • Cell Name: muscle fibroblast (CL1001609)
    Fold Change: -0.1110
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1227
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1249
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1278
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0100
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.1367
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1373
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2300
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1471
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1565
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1597
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1762
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1852
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1900
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: -0.2023
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** The GINS2 gene is significantly expressed in various cell types, including embryonic stem cells, mucosal-type mast cells, hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells, and colon endothelial cells. The GINS complex is involved in DNA replication, DNA strand elongation, and DNA unwinding, making it a crucial regulator of the cell cycle. The GINS2 gene is also associated with the Cmg complex, DNA replication, and double-strand break repair via break-induced replication. **Pathways and Functions** The GINS complex plays a central role in DNA replication and cell cycle regulation. The GINS2 gene is involved in the following pathways: 1. **DNA Replication**: The GINS complex is essential for the synthesis of new DNA strands during DNA replication. 2. **Cell Cycle**: The GINS complex regulates the progression of the cell cycle, ensuring that DNA replication occurs in a timely and accurate manner. 3. **DNA Strand Elongation**: The GINS complex facilitates the elongation of DNA strands during replication. 4. **DNA Unwinding**: The GINS complex is involved in the unwinding of DNA during replication. 5. **Double-Strand Break Repair**: The GINS complex is involved in the repair of double-strand breaks via break-induced replication. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of the GINS complex has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Mutations in the GINS2 gene have been associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly in colon cancer. Additionally, the GINS complex is involved in the regulation of immune responses, making it a potential target for immunotherapy. Furthermore, the GINS complex plays a critical role in the development and function of hematopoietic cells, making it a potential target for the treatment of hematological disorders. In conclusion, the GINS2 gene is a critical component of the GINS complex, which plays a pivotal role in DNA replication and cell cycle regulation. Understanding the key characteristics, pathways, and functions of the GINS2 gene is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with dysregulation of the GINS complex.

Genular Protein ID: 1876034142

Symbol: PSF2_HUMAN

Name: DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9Y248 D3DUM5 Q6IAG9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 2 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 10 EMDB 5 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 9 PDBsum 9 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11042152

Title: Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.

PubMed ID: 11042152

DOI: 10.1101/gr.140200

PubMed ID: 10810093

Title: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics.

PubMed ID: 10810093

DOI: 10.1101/gr.10.5.703

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17525332

Title: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 17525332

DOI: 10.1126/science.1140321

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

PubMed ID: 35585232

Title: Fast and efficient DNA replication with purified human proteins.

PubMed ID: 35585232

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04759-1

PubMed ID: 17557111

Title: Molecular architecture of the human GINS complex.

PubMed ID: 17557111

DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7401002

PubMed ID: 17545466

Title: Crystal structure of the human GINS complex.

PubMed ID: 17545466

DOI: 10.1101/gad.1548107

PubMed ID: 17417653

Title: Structure of the human GINS complex and its assembly and functional interface in replication initiation.

PubMed ID: 17417653

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1231

PubMed ID: 17652513

Title: Crystal structure of the GINS complex and functional insights into its role in DNA replication.

PubMed ID: 17652513

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705558104

PubMed ID: 32453425

Title: CryoEM structures of human CMG-ATPgammaS-DNA and CMG-AND-1 complexes.

PubMed ID: 32453425

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa429

PubMed ID: 34694004

Title: Structure of a human replisome shows the organisation and interactions of a DNA replication machine.

PubMed ID: 34694004

DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108819

PubMed ID: 34700328

Title: A conserved mechanism for regulating replisome disassembly in eukaryotes.

PubMed ID: 34700328

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04145-3

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 185
  • Mass: 21428
  • Checksum: 4F6A18B1ED76F93C
  • Sequence:
    • MDAAEVEFLA EKELVTIIPN FSLDKIYLIG GDLGPFNPGL PVEVPLWLAI NLKQRQKCRL 
LPPEWMDVEK LEKMRDHERK EETFTPMPSP YYMELTKLLL NHASDNIPKA DEIRTLVKDM 
WDTRIAKLRV SADSFVRQQE AHAKLDNLTL MEINTSGTFL TQALNHMYKL RTNLQPLEST 
QSQDF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.