Details for: PHYH

Gene ID: 5264

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PHYH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107537

Description: phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 10.47
    rCSI 18.74%
    PRS 67.43
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 9.66
    rCSI 14.93%
    PRS 66.45
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 7.8
    rCSI 7.21%
    PRS 85.74
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 6.03
    rCSI 12.39%
    PRS 83.68
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 5.91
    rCSI 6.19%
    PRS 64.55
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 10.3%
    PRS 85.3
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 5.29
    rCSI 9.51%
    PRS 60.97
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 4.84
    rCSI 11.82%
    PRS 61.04
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 4.82
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 63.85
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 3.19%
    PRS 70.73
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 4.51
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 72.17
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 4.42
    rCSI 9.41%
    PRS 77.36
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 4.23
    rCSI 13.7%
    PRS 67.29
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 4.07
    rCSI 4.89%
    PRS 66.08
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 3.99
    rCSI 24.95%
    PRS 59.54
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 3.94
    rCSI 8.17%
    PRS 64.94
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 3.88
    rCSI 5.31%
    PRS 73.03
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 3.44
    rCSI 4.77%
    PRS 67.69
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 3.61%
    PRS 68.04
  • alpha-beta T cell CL0000789
    CSI 3.34
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 83.23
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 3.31
    rCSI 4.89%
    PRS 81.96
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 3.12%
    PRS 66.93
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 3.24
    rCSI 2.79%
    PRS 71.9
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 7.58%
    PRS 71.17
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 3.13
    rCSI 7.02%
    PRS 49.9
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 55
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 3.05
    rCSI 2.67%
    PRS 76.82
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.99
    rCSI 7.59%
    PRS 61.69
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.88
    rCSI 4.13%
    PRS 57.46
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 4.57%
    PRS 69.9
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.83
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 68.88
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 2.81
    rCSI 3.84%
    PRS 73.66
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 2.75%
    PRS 70.53
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.77
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 73.24
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 2.62%
    PRS 67.61
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 2.84%
    PRS 67.76
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 3.45%
    PRS 74
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 2.69
    rCSI 2.69%
    PRS 61.37
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 4.07%
    PRS 76.98
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 6.03%
    PRS 68.46
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 3.56%
    PRS 59.32
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 2.59
    rCSI 1.96%
    PRS 81.17
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 3.64%
    PRS 64.38
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 2.08%
    PRS 70.29
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 2.31%
    PRS 68.6
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 2.03%
    PRS 67.61
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 2.09%
    PRS 65.06
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.61%
    PRS 70.83
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 5.98%
    PRS 69.88
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 1.82%
    PRS 69.72
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 2.34%
    PRS 71.34
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.21
    rCSI 4.93%
    PRS 75.61
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 76.22
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 2.46%
    PRS 60.62
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 3.59%
    PRS 58.38
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 4.95%
    PRS 76.31
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 3.25%
    PRS 70.3
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 1.53%
    PRS 73.57
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 4.49%
    PRS 66.27
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 1.91%
    PRS 59.28
  • fast muscle cell CL0000190
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 7.73%
    PRS 67.66
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.95
    rCSI 5.05%
    PRS 62.91
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 10.95%
    PRS 75.28
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 2.75%
    PRS 62.95
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 1.72%
    PRS 77.03
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 1.95%
    PRS 65.69
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 1.51%
    PRS 68.26
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 2.71%
    PRS 78.98
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 2.82%
    PRS 64.25
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 4.68%
    PRS 57.48
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 7.16%
    PRS 70.91
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 2.56%
    PRS 66.51
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 70.44
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.37%
    PRS 55.9
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 2.27%
    PRS 64.55
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 86.49
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.73
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 77.25
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.72
    rCSI 2.29%
    PRS 74.09
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 1.72
    rCSI 2.02%
    PRS 69.85
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.71
    rCSI 2.62%
    PRS 77.22
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.96%
    PRS 58.71
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 1.49%
    PRS 65.62
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 3.96%
    PRS 68.35
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 75.16
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 2.01%
    PRS 69.61
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 1.93%
    PRS 47.32
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.48
    rCSI 2.79%
    PRS 78.03
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 2.39%
    PRS 73.36
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 3.35%
    PRS 74.43
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 1.38
    rCSI 3.95%
    PRS 86.65
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.24
    rCSI 2%
    PRS 57.39
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.24
    rCSI 2.41%
    PRS 70.96
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.24
    rCSI 3.41%
    PRS 78.94
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.76%
    PRS 72.64
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 1.15
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 75.68
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.02
    rCSI 1.54%
    PRS 72.85
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.73
    rCSI 1.78%
    PRS 47.65
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.68
    rCSI 1.98%
    PRS 68.63
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 0.68
    rCSI 5.11%
    PRS 81.88
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.66
    rCSI 3.49%
    PRS 76.05
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 75.9%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 76.1%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 81.9%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 68.6%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 47.7%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 72.9%
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 75.7%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 72.6%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 78.9%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 71.0%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 57.4%
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 86.7%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 74.4%
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 73.4%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 78.0%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 47.3%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 69.6%
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 75.2%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 68.4%
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 65.6%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 58.7%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 77.2%
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 69.9%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 74.1%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 77.3%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 86.5%
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 64.6%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 55.9%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 70.4%
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 66.5%
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 70.9%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 57.5%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 64.3%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 79.0%
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 68.3%
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 65.7%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 77.0%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 63.0%
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 75.3%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 62.9%
  • fast muscle cell CL0000190
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 67.7%
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 59.3%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 66.3%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 73.6%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 70.3%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 76.3%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 58.4%
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 60.6%
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 76.2%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 75.6%
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 71.3%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 69.7%
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 69.9%
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 70.8%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 65.1%
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 67.6%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 68.6%
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 70.3%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 64.4%
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 81.2%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 59.3%
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 68.5%
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 77.0%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 61.4%
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 74.0%
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 67.8%
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 67.6%
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 73.2%
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 70.5%
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 73.7%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 68.9%
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 69.9%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 57.5%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 61.7%
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 76.8%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 55.0%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 49.9%
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 71.2%
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 71.9%
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 66.9%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 82.0%
  • alpha-beta T cell CL0000789
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 83.2%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 68.0%
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 67.7%
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 73.0%
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 64.9%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 25.0%
    PRS 59.5%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 66.1%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 13.7%
    PRS 67.3%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 9.4%
    PRS 77.4%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 72.2%
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 70.7%
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 63.9%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 11.8%
    PRS 61.0%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 9.5%
    PRS 61.0%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 10.3%
    PRS 85.3%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 6.2%
    PRS 64.6%
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 6.0
    rCSI 12.4%
    PRS 83.7%
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 7.8
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 85.7%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 9.7
    rCSI 14.9%
    PRS 66.5%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary The [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) gene encodes phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase, a critical peroxisomal enzyme that catalyzes the first step of alpha-oxidation of phytanic acid, a branched-chain fatty acid derived from dietary sources. Its function is central to lipid metabolism, particularly the degradation of chlorophyll-derived phytol. **Overall**, [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) shows the highest significance in metabolically active cells, most notably in [hepatocytes](/details-cell/CL0000182), which are primary sites for fatty acid processing. Mutations in this gene lead to a deficiency in the enzyme, causing the accumulation of phytanic acid and resulting in the autosomal recessive neurological disorder known as Refsum disease ([602026](https://omim.org/entry/602026)), a connection established in foundational research ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1097-185), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1097-190)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) underscores its role as a key enzyme in metabolic homeostasis across diverse tissues. The highest significance score is observed in [hepatocytes](/details-cell/CL0000182) (CSI: 10.47), consistent with the liver's central role in lipid catabolism. High significance is also noted in [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) (CSI: 9.66), suggesting a crucial function in processing maternal dietary lipids during fetal development. Beyond these primary metabolic hubs, [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) demonstrates significant expression in a variety of other cell types, indicating a broad requirement for branched-chain fatty acid metabolism. These include various epithelial cells, such as [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108) and [kidney epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002518), and cells with high energy demands like [muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000187) and [regular ventricular cardiac myocyte](/details-cell/CL0002131). Interestingly, a strong signal is also detected in [activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000896) (CSI: 7.80), which may indicate a role for the phytanic acid oxidation pathway in supporting the metabolic reprogramming required for T-cell activation and effector function. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) is functionally annotated as a core component of peroxisomal lipid metabolism. Its molecular function is defined as `[phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase activity](/details-go/GO:0048244)`, requiring `[ferrous iron binding](/details-go/GO:0008198)` for its catalytic action. The enzyme is localized to the `[peroxisomal matrix](/details-go/GO:0005782)`, where it participates in the biological process of `[fatty acid alpha-oxidation](/details-go/GO:0001561)`, specifically targeting `[methyl-branched fatty acids](/details-go/GO:0097089)`. This activity is a key step in the Reactome pathway `[Alpha-oxidation of phytanate](/details-pathway/R-HSA-389599)`, which is nested within the broader `[Metabolism of lipids](/details-pathway/R-HSA-556833)`. The gene's role is highly specific, and its dysfunction leads to a metabolic bottleneck, which is the direct molecular cause of Refsum disease as detailed in several studies ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/9.8.1195), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.10315)). ## Research Directions The established role of [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) in Refsum disease is well-documented, but its significance in other cell types, particularly immune cells, warrants further investigation. The high expression in activated T cells suggests a potential link between phytanic acid metabolism and immune function that is not fully understood. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. The upregulation of [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) in [activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells](/details-cell/CL0000896) is essential for their metabolic reprogramming, and disruption of this pathway impairs T-cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. 2. [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) activity in [placental villous trophoblasts](/details-cell/CL2000060) is critical for preventing the transfer of potentially toxic levels of phytanic acid from mother to fetus, thereby acting as a metabolic gatekeeper during pregnancy. To test the first hypothesis regarding T-cell function, a compelling experiment could be performed. Primary human CD4+ T cells could be isolated and activated *in vitro* in the presence of an shRNA or CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting [PHYH](/details-gene/5264). The impact of [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) knockdown on T-cell function could then be assessed by measuring proliferation rates (e.g., via CFSE dilution), effector cytokine secretion (e.g., IFN-gamma, IL-2 via ELISA), and metabolic profiles (e.g., using a Seahorse XF Analyzer to measure oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis). This would clarify whether phytanic acid metabolism is a downstream consequence of activation or a necessary upstream process for proper T-cell immune response. From a therapeutic standpoint, [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) is not a candidate for inhibition. Instead, its clinical relevance lies in its deficiency. Therapeutic strategies for Refsum disease focus on restoring its function. This could involve enzyme replacement therapy or gene therapy approaches aimed at delivering a functional copy of the [PHYH](/details-gene/5264) gene to key metabolic tissues like the liver.

Genular Protein ID: 3014940384

Symbol: PAHX_HUMAN

Name: Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9326939

Title: Identification of PAHX, a Refsum disease gene.

PubMed ID: 9326939

DOI: 10.1038/ng1097-185

PubMed ID: 9326940

Title: Refsum disease is caused by mutations in the phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase gene.

PubMed ID: 9326940

DOI: 10.1038/ng1097-190

PubMed ID: 10051602

Title: Immunophilins, Refsum disease, and lupus nephritis: the peroxisomal enzyme phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase is a new FKBP-associated protein.

PubMed ID: 10051602

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.5.2104

PubMed ID: 10767344

Title: Human phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase: resolution of the gene structure and the molecular basis of Refsum's disease.

PubMed ID: 10767344

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.8.1195

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10686344

Title: Identification of a brain specific protein that associates with a Refsum disease gene product, phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase.

PubMed ID: 10686344

DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00304-6

PubMed ID: 10744784

Title: Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase: recognition of 3-methyl-branched acyl-coAs and requirement for GTP or ATP and Mg(2+) in addition to its known hydroxylation cofactors.

PubMed ID: 10744784

PubMed ID: 12031666

Title: Utilization of sterol carrier protein-2 by phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase in the peroxisomal alpha oxidation of phytanic acid.

PubMed ID: 12031666

DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00139-4

PubMed ID: 12923223

Title: Further studies on the substrate spectrum of phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase: implications for Refsum disease?

PubMed ID: 12923223

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m300230-jlr200

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 16186124

Title: Structure of human phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase identifies molecular mechanisms of Refsum disease.

PubMed ID: 16186124

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507528200

PubMed ID: 14974078

Title: Molecular basis of Refsum disease: sequence variations in phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase (PHYH) and the PTS2 receptor (PEX7).

PubMed ID: 14974078

DOI: 10.1002/humu.10315

PubMed ID: 10709665

Title: Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase deficiency. Enzymological and molecular basis of classical Refsum disease.

PubMed ID: 10709665

PubMed ID: 27535533

Title: Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans.

PubMed ID: 27535533

DOI: 10.1038/nature19057

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 338
  • Mass: 38538
  • Checksum: FBF9639E7C79A6B0
  • Sequence:
  • MEQLRAAARL QIVLGHLGRP SAGAVVAHPT SGTISSASFH PQQFQYTLDN NVLTLEQRKF 
    YEENGFLVIK NLVPDADIQR FRNEFEKICR KEVKPLGLTV MRDVTISKSE YAPSEKMITK 
    VQDFQEDKEL FRYCTLPEIL KYVECFTGPN IMAMHTMLIN KPPDSGKKTS RHPLHQDLHY 
    FPFRPSDLIV CAWTAMEHIS RNNGCLVVLP GTHKGSLKPH DYPKWEGGVN KMFHGIQDYE 
    ENKARVHLVM EKGDTVFFHP LLIHGSGQNK TQGFRKAISC HFASADCHYI DVKGTSQENI 
    EKEVVGIAHK FFGAENSVNL KDIWMFRARL VKGERTNL