TSPAN31 | ENSG00000135452 | NCBI 6302

Details for: TSPAN31

Gene ID: 6302

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TSPAN31

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135452

Description: tetraspanin 31

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Membrane
(GO:0016020)
Plasma membrane
(GO:0005886)
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation
(GO:0008284)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 10.07

rCSI 8.35%

PRS 75.28
pro-B cell CL0000826

CSI 9.18

rCSI 7.6%

PRS 77.38
rod bipolar cell CL0000751

CSI 7.39

rCSI 13.27%

PRS 67.82
mesodermal cell CL0000222

CSI 6.73

rCSI 8.08%

PRS 72.87
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 4.46

rCSI 3.45%

PRS 78.14
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 4.38

rCSI 3.29%

PRS 80.96
plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 4.14

rCSI 3.26%

PRS 80.84
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 3.76

rCSI 3.75%

PRS 68.41
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI 3.59

rCSI 5.73%

PRS 78.51
interneuron CL0000099

CSI 3.21

rCSI 6.45%

PRS 64.27
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 2.95

rCSI 4.03%

PRS 79.63
ON-bipolar cell CL0000749

CSI 2.77

rCSI 4.11%

PRS 75.17
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 2.68

rCSI 2.18%

PRS 74.6
pancreatic D cell CL0000173

CSI 2.62

rCSI 2.58%

PRS 77.48
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 2.6

rCSI 1.97%

PRS 87.44
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 2.55

rCSI 1.91%

PRS 88.08
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 2.53

rCSI 3.18%

PRS 85.03
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 2.49

rCSI 2.61%

PRS 72.57
hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001

CSI 2.47

rCSI 2.54%

PRS 87.88
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 2.44

rCSI 2.15%

PRS 63.26
ciliated cell CL0000064

CSI 2.42

rCSI 3.92%

PRS 70.23
interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088

CSI 2.42

rCSI 3.08%

PRS 80.29
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 2.36

rCSI 3.26%

PRS 73.01
pancreatic A cell CL0000171

CSI 2.32

rCSI 2.43%

PRS 78.05
caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064

CSI 2.32

rCSI 4.09%

PRS 55.32
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 2.25

rCSI 2.36%

PRS 71.97
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI 2.22

rCSI 7.21%

PRS 73.24
pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000

CSI 2.22

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 81.79
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 2.21

rCSI 2.37%

PRS 75.52
choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706

CSI 2.18

rCSI 3.57%

PRS 63.92
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011

CSI 2.1

rCSI 6.21%

PRS 76.27
epithelial cell CL0000066

CSI 2.09

rCSI 3.21%

PRS 65.72
pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018

CSI 2.05

rCSI 2.55%

PRS 54.15
mucus secreting cell CL0000319

CSI 2.03

rCSI 3.22%

PRS 84.1
neural crest cell CL0011012

CSI 2.02

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 62.5
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 2.01

rCSI 3.09%

PRS 83.99
vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051

CSI 2

rCSI 3.51%

PRS 67.65
fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 1.96

rCSI 1.82%

PRS 75.47
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 1.92

rCSI 1.27%

PRS 77.8
stem cell CL0000034

CSI 1.88

rCSI 1.82%

PRS 67.21
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 1.87

rCSI 2.73%

PRS 79.79
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 1.86

rCSI 2.33%

PRS 84.26
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 1.83

rCSI 1.62%

PRS 72.71
acinar cell CL0000622

CSI 1.78

rCSI 2.61%

PRS 84.85
radial glial cell CL0000681

CSI 1.75

rCSI 2.44%

PRS 73.31
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 1.75

rCSI 1.58%

PRS 72.6
Mueller cell CL0000636

CSI 1.73

rCSI 3.96%

PRS 65.9
OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750

CSI 1.72

rCSI 2.35%

PRS 78.27
goblet cell CL0000160

CSI 1.72

rCSI 1.62%

PRS 74.02
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 1.71

rCSI 2.59%

PRS 80.2
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 1.68

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 66.1
pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064

CSI 1.68

rCSI 2.23%

PRS 80.74
amacrine cell CL0000561

CSI 1.67

rCSI 4.84%

PRS 63.85
VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016

CSI 1.65

rCSI 1.97%

PRS 56.12
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 1.64

rCSI 1.51%

PRS 76.45
lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223

CSI 1.59

rCSI 2.36%

PRS 79.53
retinal rod cell CL0000604

CSI 1.58

rCSI 2.79%

PRS 70.64
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 1.58

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 76.57
lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011

CSI 1.54

rCSI 2.58%

PRS 56.15
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 1.54

rCSI 1.07%

PRS 78.21
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 1.48

rCSI 1.42%

PRS 74.14
lung ciliated cell CL1000271

CSI 1.46

rCSI 1.69%

PRS 66.43
astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605

CSI 1.46

rCSI 3.27%

PRS 56.86
granulocyte CL0000094

CSI 1.44

rCSI 2.19%

PRS 83.13
enteroendocrine cell CL0000164

CSI 1.39

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 75.24
glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028

CSI 1.38

rCSI 3.59%

PRS 70.18
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI 1.37

rCSI 2.09%

PRS 71.35
lung pericyte CL0009089

CSI 1.31

rCSI 3.47%

PRS 82.48
neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031

CSI 1.29

rCSI 1.66%

PRS 71.05
club cell CL0000158

CSI 1.21

rCSI 1.77%

PRS 69.48
retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748

CSI 1.21

rCSI 2.26%

PRS 62.54
podocyte CL0000653

CSI 1.16

rCSI 5.17%

PRS 75.14
pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079

CSI 1.15

rCSI 2.23%

PRS 77.92
pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019

CSI 1.11

rCSI 5.18%

PRS 85.79
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI 1.06

rCSI 1.87%

PRS 81.05
mesenchymal cell CL0008019

CSI 0.91

rCSI 2.32%

PRS 68.28
type B pancreatic cell CL0000169

CSI 0.89

rCSI 1.97%

PRS 73.77
forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000

CSI 0.79

rCSI 2.53%

PRS 77.7
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 0.76

rCSI 1.22%

PRS 64.33
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035

CSI 0.66

rCSI 1.92%

PRS 75.02
pancreatic PP cell CL0002275

CSI 0.57

rCSI 2.27%

PRS 83.71
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 0.48

rCSI 3.87%

PRS 68.38

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302), or tetraspanin 31, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12q14.1. As a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, it is an integral membrane protein localized to the [plasma membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005886). Functionally, [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) is implicated in [protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0005515) and the [positive regulation of cell population proliferation](/details-cell/GO:0008284). Its expression profile is diverse, showing high significance in [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082), developing B lymphocytes such as the [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826), and specialized neuronal cells like the [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751). Notably, this gene was first identified as Sarcoma-Amplified Sequence (SAS) due to its amplification in human sarcomas, suggesting a potential role in oncogenesis ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8134123/)). It is clinically associated with OMIM entry [181035](https://omim.org/entry/181035). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression pattern of [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) suggests it has pleiotropic roles across multiple distinct biological systems. - **Epithelial and Structural Tissues:** **Overall**, the gene shows its highest significance in the [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082) (CSI: 10.07), with notable expression also found in the [epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract](/details-cell/CL0002632) and [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012). This strong association with pulmonary epithelia suggests a role in maintaining the structure, function, or regenerative capacity of the lung barrier. Its expression in [bronchus fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL2000093) further supports a function within the lung tissue microenvironment. - **Immune System:** [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) is a significant marker in the B lymphocyte lineage, with very high importance in the [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826) (CSI: 9.18) and continued relevance in the more differentiated [plasmablast](/details-cell/CL0000980). This pattern suggests a role in the early stages of B cell development and proliferation. Its expression in [group 3 innate lymphoid cell](/details-cell/CL0001071) and [CD4-positive helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000492) indicates a broader involvement in both innate and adaptive immunity. - **Nervous System:** A highly specific expression pattern is observed in the retina, where [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) is a key marker for the [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751) and [ON-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000749). This points towards a specialized function in retinal signal processing, potentially related to the organization of synaptic structures. - **Development:** The gene's high significance in [mesodermal cell](/details-cell/CL0000222)s indicates a role during embryonic development, consistent with its function in regulating cell proliferation. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) encodes a quintessential tetraspanin that resides in the [plasma membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005886). Tetraspanins are known to function as molecular organizers, scaffolding other proteins into membrane microdomains, which is consistent with the gene's annotated molecular function of [protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0005515). The primary biological process associated with [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) is the [positive regulation of cell population proliferation](/details-cell/GO:0008284). This function provides a direct molecular explanation for its initial discovery as a gene amplified in sarcomas ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8134123/)) and its location within a chromosomal region frequently amplified in human cancers ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1997.4727)). Its role in proliferation may be central to its significance in highly proliferative cell types such as the developing [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826) and in the context of tissue repair or cancer in lung epithelial cells. ## Research Directions The diverse expression profile of [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302), combined with its established link to cell proliferation and cancer, provides several avenues for future research. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in lung epithelia and its pro-proliferative function, [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) may be a critical regulator of alveolar repair following injury, with its aberrant overexpression contributing to the development or progression of non-small cell lung cancer. 2. Based on its significance in early B-cell development, [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) could function as a modulator of signaling pathways that govern the transition from pro-B to pre-B cell stages, and its dysregulation may contribute to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 3. In the retina, the specific expression of [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) in bipolar cells suggests it is required for the structural or functional integrity of synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cells, potentially by organizing neurotransmitter receptors or adhesion molecules. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding its role in lung pathology, a valuable experiment would be to use a lung epithelial-specific, inducible knockout mouse model (e.g., Sftpc-CreERt2; Tspan31-fl/fl). These mice could be subjected to lung injury models, such as bleomycin administration, to assess the impact of [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) deletion on epithelial regeneration and fibrosis development via histology and single-cell RNA sequencing. Furthermore, crossing this model with a lung adenocarcinoma model (e.g., Kras-LSL-G12D) would directly test its role as a driver or modifier of tumorigenesis. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a cell surface protein with a role in promoting proliferation, [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302) presents a promising therapeutic target, primarily for **inhibition**. Its documented amplification in sarcomas makes it an attractive candidate for targeted therapies in that context. Given its membrane location, it is particularly well-suited for antibody-based therapeutics, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, which could specifically target and eliminate tumor cells overexpressing [TSPAN31](/details-gene/6302). However, its expression in healthy tissues, including the lung and retina, would require careful evaluation to manage potential on-target, off-tumor toxicities.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Genular Protein ID: 171230180

Symbol: TSN31_HUMAN

Name: Tetraspanin-31

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q12999 O00577 Q53X76

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8134123

Title: SAS, a gene amplified in human sarcomas, encodes a new member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily of proteins.

PubMed ID: 8134123

PubMed ID: 9192850

Title: Transcript mapping in a 46-kb sequenced region at the core of 12q13.3 amplification in human cancers.

PubMed ID: 9192850

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4727

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

Length: 210
Mass: 23053
Checksum: 8A1FF8CC5319755E
Sequence:

MVCGGFACSK NALCALNVVY MLVSLLLIGV AAWGKGLGLV SSIHIIGGVI AVGVFLLLIA 
VAGLVGAVNH HQVLLFFYMI ILGLVFIFQF VISCSCLAIN RSKQTDVINA SWWVMSNKTR 
DELERSFDCC GLFNLTTLYQ QDYDFCTAIC KSQSPTCQMC GEKFLKHSDE ALKILGGVGL 
FFSFTEILGV WLAMRFRNQK DPRANPSAFL

Genular Protein ID: 2814650044

Symbol: F8VWE0_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

F8VWE0

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

Sequence Information:

Length: 127
Mass: 14325
Checksum: DBB73B0C7AFC12D1
Sequence:

MVCGGFACSK NALCALNVVY MTDVINASWW VMSNKTRDEL ERSFDCCGLF NLTTLYQQDY 
DFCTAICKSQ SPTCQMCGEK FLKHSDEALK ILGGVGLFFS FTEILGVWLA MRFRNQKDPR 
ANPSAFL

Genular Protein ID: 489665760

Symbol: B4DFJ7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DFJ7

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

Sequence Information:

Length: 132
Mass: 15075
Checksum: 7B2F132D23755610
Sequence:

MIILGLVFIF QFVISCSCLA INRSKQTDVI NASWWVMSNK TRDELERSFD CCGLFNLTTL 
YQQDYDFCTA ICKSQSPTCQ MCGEKFLKHS DEALKILGGV GLFFSFTEIL GVWLAMRFRN 
QKDPRANPSA FL

Details for: TSPAN31

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

SAS, a gene amplified in human sarcomas, encodes a new member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily of proteins. PubMed ID: 8134123

Transcript mapping in a 46-kb sequenced region at the core of 12q13.3 amplification in human cancers. PubMed ID: 9192850

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. PubMed ID: 11237011

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. PubMed ID: 15496913

The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. PubMed ID: 16541075

The sequence of the human genome. PubMed ID: 11181995

PubMed ID: 8134123

PubMed ID: 9192850

PubMed ID: 14702039

PubMed ID: 15489334

PubMed ID: 11237011

PubMed ID: 15496913

PubMed ID: 16541075

PubMed ID: 11181995