Details for: SDHD

Gene ID: 6392

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: SDHD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204370

Description: succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 42.59
    rCSI 44.51%
    PRS 44.1
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 37.83
    rCSI 44.43%
    PRS 48.27
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 20.71
    rCSI 33.4%
    PRS 53.4
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 18.97
    rCSI 61.52%
    PRS 47.25
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 17.83
    rCSI 51.63%
    PRS 47.01
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 17.35
    rCSI 16.73%
    PRS 35.52
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 17.05
    rCSI 17.86%
    PRS 41.87
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 16.13
    rCSI 25.65%
    PRS 37.88
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 15.94
    rCSI 37.9%
    PRS 56.73
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 12.15
    rCSI 11.7%
    PRS 45.09
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 10.46
    rCSI 9.53%
    PRS 59.6
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 10.2
    rCSI 14.63%
    PRS 51.82
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 10.12
    rCSI 58.01%
    PRS 55.17
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 8.97
    rCSI 21.91%
    PRS 40.66
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 8.75
    rCSI 38.4%
    PRS 63.78
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 8.6
    rCSI 64.58%
    PRS 64.7
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 8.55
    rCSI 10.65%
    PRS 55.95
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 8.36
    rCSI 6.93%
    PRS 43.13
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 8.3
    rCSI 11.3%
    PRS 38.15
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 7.72
    rCSI 11.98%
    PRS 54.55
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 7.61
    rCSI 9.77%
    PRS 40.21
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 7.44
    rCSI 5.01%
    PRS 54.82
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 7.19
    rCSI 10.99%
    PRS 60.84
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 7.16
    rCSI 14.19%
    PRS 67.13
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 7.11
    rCSI 10.83%
    PRS 41.35
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 6.72
    rCSI 8.93%
    PRS 49.35
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 6.55
    rCSI 9.44%
    PRS 58.04
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 6.53
    rCSI 5.79%
    PRS 43.66
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 6.52
    rCSI 37.93%
    PRS 55.68
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 6.06
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 45.24
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 6.04
    rCSI 12.85%
    PRS 59.56
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 5.57
    rCSI 9.82%
    PRS 53.14
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 5.47
    rCSI 7.48%
    PRS 49.49
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 5.38
    rCSI 7.19%
    PRS 46.08
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 5.23
    rCSI 11.51%
    PRS 58.98
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 5.02
    rCSI 13.54%
    PRS 53.35
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 4.84
    rCSI 7.64%
    PRS 45.6
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 4.82
    rCSI 6.06%
    PRS 58.14
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 4.79
    rCSI 13.42%
    PRS 59.06
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 4.74
    rCSI 5.72%
    PRS 52.39
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 4.57
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 55.77
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 4.56
    rCSI 3.41%
    PRS 59.09
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 4.47
    rCSI 4.16%
    PRS 44.39
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 4.46
    rCSI 12.79%
    PRS 62.18
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 4.46
    rCSI 4.02%
    PRS 41.32
  • CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939
    CSI 4.25
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 70.24
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 4.21
    rCSI 5.83%
    PRS 49.49
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 4.15
    rCSI 5.66%
    PRS 47.25
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 4.11
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 64.62
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 5.93%
    PRS 60.8
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 4.09
    rCSI 18.9%
    PRS 66.83
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 4.07
    rCSI 3.51%
    PRS 53.05
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 3.96
    rCSI 21.38%
    PRS 59.06
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 3.88
    rCSI 7.39%
    PRS 61.15
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 3.83
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 65.89
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 3.72
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 45.3
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 3.66
    rCSI 18.37%
    PRS 55.52
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 9.64%
    PRS 52.15
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 3.64
    rCSI 3.34%
    PRS 51.99
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 3.61
    rCSI 4.59%
    PRS 49.84
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 50.97
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 3.52
    rCSI 3.25%
    PRS 45.5
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 3.38
    rCSI 5.42%
    PRS 72.87
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 9.77%
    PRS 36.23
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.36
    rCSI 3.17%
    PRS 45.51
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 3.35
    rCSI 5.35%
    PRS 48.38
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 3.26
    rCSI 5.81%
    PRS 60.02
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 3.25
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 45.52
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 55.89
  • CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 76.5
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 3.14
    rCSI 2.18%
    PRS 53.07
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 3.14
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 43.44
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 3.12
    rCSI 16.78%
    PRS 59.91
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 2.41%
    PRS 45.02
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 3.08
    rCSI 6.13%
    PRS 62.37
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 4.36%
    PRS 47.24
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 3.99%
    PRS 57.56
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 3.03%
    PRS 38.99
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 3
    rCSI 4.01%
    PRS 52.96
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 15.6%
    PRS 59.21
  • enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 45.29%
    PRS 70.02
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.78
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 50.39
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.73
    rCSI 2.28%
    PRS 49.53
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 2.39%
    PRS 34.08
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 3.27%
    PRS 40.57
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 4.03%
    PRS 53.79
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 1.86%
    PRS 57.4
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 5.05%
    PRS 46.65
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.67%
    PRS 62.21
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 5.73%
    PRS 51.12
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 2.54
    rCSI 7%
    PRS 41.41
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 2.66%
    PRS 59.51
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 1.46%
    PRS 59.61
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.41
    rCSI 2.37%
    PRS 46.97
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.08%
    PRS 49.29
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.36
    rCSI 3.82%
    PRS 43.07
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 1.95%
    PRS 64.87
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 6.12%
    PRS 37.68
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 4.59%
    PRS 34.75
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 2.26
    rCSI 4.98%
    PRS 48.51
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 56.7%
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 67.4%
  • parietal cell CL0000162
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 81.8%
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 66.8%
  • bronchiolar smooth muscle cell CL4033017
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 69.1%
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 69.9%
  • Merkel cell CL0000242
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 91.3%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 45.8%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 39.3%
  • peptic cell CL0000155
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 71.3%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 60.9%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 65.0%
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 74.9%
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 62.9%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 64.0%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 33.3%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 68.2%
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 64.9%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 77.2%
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 52.1%
  • epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 71.1%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 69.0%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 75.9%
  • renal intercalated cell CL0005010
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 89.6%
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 68.4%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 43.3%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 56.4%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 46.6%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 35.6%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 42.0%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 66.0%
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 74.4%
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 60.1%
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 57.4%
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 59.1%
  • follicular B cell CL0000843
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 77.4%
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 49.6%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 42.7%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 64.0%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 65.4%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 54.0%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 63.6%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 46.8%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 47.6%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 35.6%
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 67.2%
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 62.2%
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 52.9%
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 54.2%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 43.2%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 40.6%
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 80.1%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 61.8%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 51.5%
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 67.2%
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 44.1%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 66.8%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 49.2%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 45.2%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 54.8%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 60.0%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 66.6%
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 68.5%
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 66.7%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 47.3%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 40.9%
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 62.1%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 67.8%
  • professional antigen presenting cell CL0000145
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 75.9%
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 42.5%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 54.8%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 54.5%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 42.6%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 62.1%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 35.0%
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 57.8%
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 53.8%
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 57.6%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 42.6%
  • natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 78.1%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 35.4%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 71.5%
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 61.0%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 48.3%
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 63.0%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 54.5%
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 42.6%
  • endocrine cell CL0000163
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 9.2%
    PRS 79.6%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 41.6%
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 52.1%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 42.5%
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 31.9%
    PRS 78.1%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 62.4%
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 63.0%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 55.2%
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 70.6%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 47.2%
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 57.2%
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 59.9%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 38.2%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) (Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Subunit D) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11q23.1. It encodes a core subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex II, also known as succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. This complex plays a dual role, functioning as a key enzyme in both the [Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)](/details-pathway/GO:0006099) and the [mitochondrial electron transport chain](/details-pathway/GO:0006121). **Overall**, [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) shows significant expression in metabolically active and highly proliferative cells, most notably in [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563)s and [transit amplifying cell of colon](/details-cell/CL0009011). Clinically, germline mutations in [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) are strongly associated with hereditary paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma ([168000](https://omim.org/entry/168000), [602690](https://omim.org/entry/602690)), establishing its role as a tumor suppressor gene [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5454.848). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) underscores its fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism, particularly in tissues with high energy demands or rapid turnover. **Overall**, the gene's significance is most pronounced in the gastrointestinal tract, with top-ranking CSI scores in [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563) (CSI: 42.59), [transit amplifying cell of colon](/details-cell/CL0009011) (CSI: 37.83), and [enterocyte](/details-cell/CL0000584) (CSI: 20.71). This high expression is consistent with the constant proliferation and energy-intensive absorptive functions of the intestinal lining. Beyond the gut, [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) is also highly significant in cell types requiring substantial ATP for mechanical function, such as [vascular associated smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000359) and [microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0008035). Its importance in progenitor and developmental lineages is highlighted by its expression in [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034)s and [erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000038), suggesting a critical role in providing energy for differentiation and expansion. The gene's broad expression across diverse, high-activity cell types points to its housekeeping function as a central component of aerobic respiration. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) is integral to core metabolic pathways primarily located within the [mitochondrion](/details-pathway/GO:0005739). As an essential component of the [respiratory chain complex II (succinate dehydrogenase)](/details-pathway/GO:0045273) anchored in the [mitochondrial inner membrane](/details-pathway/GO:0005743), its function is central to cellular respiration. Its molecular functions include [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity](/details-pathway/GO:0008177) and [electron transfer activity](/details-pathway/GO:0009055). This dual function links two major metabolic processes: 1. **Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle:** It catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, a key step in the [Citric acid cycle (tca cycle)](/details-pathway/R-HSA-71403). 2. **Electron Transport Chain:** It transfers electrons from succinate to ubiquinone, contributing to the proton motive force for ATP synthesis as part of [Respiratory electron transport](/details-pathway/R-HSA-611105). Furthermore, functional annotations link [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) to the [Cellular response to hypoxia](/details-pathway/GO:0071456). Dysfunction of Complex II leads to the accumulation of succinate, which can inhibit prolyl hydroxylases, leading to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and the induction of a "pseudohypoxic" state, a key mechanism in [SDHD](/details-gene/6392)-related tumorigenesis [Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11156372/). ## Research Directions The established role of [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) as a tumor suppressor in paraganglioma, combined with its expression profile, suggests several avenues for future research. While the provided data does not contain a direct 'Healthy' vs. 'Disease' comparison, the gene's known link to pathology allows for the formulation of disease-relevant hypotheses. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in [transit amplifying cell of colon](/details-cell/CL0009011) and its function in the TCA cycle, loss-of-function mutations in [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) in the intestinal epithelium could impair crypt regeneration and barrier function by creating an energy deficit and metabolic bottleneck, potentially predisposing the tissue to inflammatory conditions or dysplasia. 2. The link between [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) mutations and paragangliomas is well-established [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5454.848). We hypothesize that the magnitude of succinate accumulation and consequent HIF-1α stabilization following [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) loss varies between different progenitor cell types, which could explain the tissue-specific tropism of these tumors (e.g., to the carotid body). **Key Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis, an *in vitro* model using human intestinal organoids would be highly effective. - **Method:** Use CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a stable knockout of [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) in organoids derived from healthy donor tissue. - **Analysis:** Compare the growth, budding efficiency, and cellular composition (via single-cell RNA sequencing) of knockout versus wild-type organoids. Proliferation can be quantified using EdU incorporation assays. Furthermore, metabolic profiling (metabolomics) could be performed to confirm succinate accumulation and assess downstream impacts on other metabolic pathways. Barrier function could be tested using assays like FITC-dextran permeability. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a tumor suppressor gene, [SDHD](/details-gene/6392) itself is not a direct target for inhibition. Therapeutic strategies for [SDHD](/details-gene/6392)-mutant cancers would focus on counteracting the downstream consequences of its loss-of-function. Reactivating a mutated mitochondrial enzyme is currently infeasible. Therefore, potential therapeutic avenues could include the inhibition of pathways that are aberrantly activated by succinate accumulation, such as targeting the HIF-1α signaling axis or other downstream effectors of the pseudohypoxic state. This represents a strategy of targeting the vulnerabilities created by the specific metabolic rewiring of the tumor.

Genular Protein ID: 199115780

Symbol: DHSD_HUMAN

Name: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9533030

Title: Cytochrome b in human complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase): cDNA cloning of the components in liver mitochondria and chromosome assignment of the genes for the large (SDHC) and small (SDHD) subunits to 1q21 and 11q23.

PubMed ID: 9533030

DOI: 10.1159/000134700

PubMed ID: 10482792

Title: Characterization of the human SDHD gene encoding the small subunit of cytochrome b (cybS) in mitochondrial succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase.

PubMed ID: 10482792

DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(99)00071-7

PubMed ID: 16303743

Title: Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries.

PubMed ID: 16303743

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 37098072

Title: Structure of the human respiratory complex II.

PubMed ID: 37098072

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216713120

PubMed ID: 11156372

Title: Somatic and occult germ-line mutations in SDHD, a mitochondrial complex II gene, in nonfamilial pheochromocytoma.

PubMed ID: 11156372

PubMed ID: 10657297

Title: Mutations in SDHD, a mitochondrial complex II gene, in hereditary paraganglioma.

PubMed ID: 10657297

DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5454.848

PubMed ID: 11343322

Title: Novel mutations and the emergence of a common mutation in the SDHD gene causing familial paraganglioma.

PubMed ID: 11343322

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1270

PubMed ID: 11391796

Title: Novel mutations in the SDHD gene in pedigrees with familial carotid body paraganglioma and sensorineural hearing loss.

PubMed ID: 11391796

DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1142

PubMed ID: 11391798

Title: Nearly all hereditary paragangliomas in the Netherlands are caused by two founder mutations in the SDHD gene.

PubMed ID: 11391798

DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1144

PubMed ID: 11526495

Title: Germline SDHD mutation in paraganglioma of the spinal cord.

PubMed ID: 11526495

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204579

PubMed ID: 12007193

Title: Alterations of the SDHD gene locus in midgut carcinoids, Merkel cell carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, and abdominal paragangliomas.

PubMed ID: 12007193

DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10081

PubMed ID: 14500403

Title: Mutations in the SDHB gene are associated with extra-adrenal and/or malignant phaeochromocytomas.

PubMed ID: 14500403

PubMed ID: 12000816

Title: Germ-line mutations in nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma.

PubMed ID: 12000816

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa020152

PubMed ID: 12696072

Title: G12S and H50R variations are polymorphisms in the SDHD gene.

PubMed ID: 12696072

DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10212

PubMed ID: 15328326

Title: Distinct clinical features of paraganglioma syndromes associated with SDHB and SDHD gene mutations.

PubMed ID: 15328326

DOI: 10.1001/jama.292.8.943

PubMed ID: 15032977

Title: SDHD mutation analysis in seven German patients with sporadic carotid body paraganglioma: one novel mutation, no Dutch founder mutation and further evidence that G12S is a polymorphism.

PubMed ID: 15032977

DOI: 10.1111/j..2004.00174.x

PubMed ID: 17804857

Title: Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors and germ-line mutations.

PubMed ID: 17804857

DOI: 10.1056/nejmc071191

PubMed ID: 18678321

Title: Germline mutations and variants in the succinate dehydrogenase genes in Cowden and Cowden-like syndromes.

PubMed ID: 18678321

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.07.011

PubMed ID: 18987736

Title: DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome.

PubMed ID: 18987736

DOI: 10.1038/nature07485

PubMed ID: 24367056

Title: Mutations in SDHD lead to autosomal recessive encephalomyopathy and isolated mitochondrial complex II deficiency.

PubMed ID: 24367056

DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101932

PubMed ID: 26008905

Title: A recessive homozygous p.Asp92Gly SDHD mutation causes prenatal cardiomyopathy and a severe mitochondrial complex II deficiency.

PubMed ID: 26008905

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1568-z

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 159
  • Mass: 17043
  • Checksum: 6B1AA94831C8C3B6
  • Sequence:
  • MAVLWRLSAV CGALGGRALL LRTPVVRPAH ISAFLQDRPI PEWCGVQHIH LSPSHHSGSK 
    AASLHWTSER VVSVLLLGLL PAAYLNPCSA MDYSLAAALT LHGHWGLGQV VTDYVHGDAL 
    QKAAKAGLLA LSALTFAGLC YFNYHDVGIC KAVAMLWKL

Genular Protein ID: 4206575651

Symbol: A0A0S2Z4H7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 26871637

Title: Widespread Expansion of Protein Interaction Capabilities by Alternative Splicing.

PubMed ID: 26871637

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.029

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 85
  • Mass: 9720
  • Checksum: 590AF9A98DD8AE76
  • Sequence:
  • MAVLWRLSAV CGALGGRALL LRTPVVRPAH ISAFLQDRPI PEWCGVQHIH LSPSHHWALD 
    KLLLTMFMGM PCRKLPRQGF WHFQL