Details for: SNN

Gene ID: 8303

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: SNN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184602

Description: stannin

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 14.31
    rCSI 12.93%
    PRS 88.95
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 8.81
    rCSI 18.74%
    PRS 84.45
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 8.4
    rCSI 36.43%
    PRS 91.66
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 6.82
    rCSI 13.7%
    PRS 84.08
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 6.73
    rCSI 27.92%
    PRS 86.89
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 6.45
    rCSI 11.39%
    PRS 76.68
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 9.83%
    PRS 95.28
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 4.65
    rCSI 13.71%
    PRS 90.38
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 4.41
    rCSI 5.78%
    PRS 95.88
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 3.78
    rCSI 5.81%
    PRS 78.82
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 3.28
    rCSI 2.59%
    PRS 83.18
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 2.81%
    PRS 94.05
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 95.82
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 3.03
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 95.2
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.82
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 91.56
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 3.53%
    PRS 78.3
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 3.76%
    PRS 88.71
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 5.23%
    PRS 91.79
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.62
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 91.3
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 2.62
    rCSI 3.36%
    PRS 86.76
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 3.87%
    PRS 93.98
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 10.22%
    PRS 83.11
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.18%
    PRS 95.79
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 93.09
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 83.1
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.19
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 75.04
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 2.64%
    PRS 71.19
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.09
    rCSI 1.92%
    PRS 94.41
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 1.92
    rCSI 3.06%
    PRS 82.91
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 2.72%
    PRS 97.03
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 83.93
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 1.73
    rCSI 3.82%
    PRS 92.44
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 77.66
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 1.33
    rCSI 4.78%
    PRS 75.18
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 1.27
    rCSI 1.54%
    PRS 94.58
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 1.07
    rCSI 3.43%
    PRS 90
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.96
    rCSI 2.34%
    PRS 75.03
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.69
    rCSI 4.06%
    PRS 77.7
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.67
    rCSI 2.08%
    PRS 80.24
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.55
    rCSI 1.71%
    PRS 78.59
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 0.46
    rCSI 3.62%
    PRS 91.94

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [SNN](/details-gene/8303), or stannin, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16p13.13. It is primarily characterized by its role in the cellular response to toxic substances, particularly organotin compounds, and functions as a metal ion-binding protein ([GO:0046872](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046872)). Localized to the cytoplasm, membrane, and notably the mitochondrial outer membrane ([GO:0005741](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005741)), [SNN](/details-gene/8303) is implicated in mediating apoptosis in response to cellular stress ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.104.001719), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.038)). **Overall**, expression data reveals its high significance in hematopoietic lineages, especially [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050), as well as in specific subsets of neuronal cells, such as the [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099), suggesting a specialized function in these distinct cellular systems. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [SNN](/details-gene/8303) points to a specialized role primarily within the hematopoietic and nervous systems. Its highest significance is observed in hematopoietic progenitors, with a particular enrichment in the megakaryocytic lineage. This is highlighted by top CSI scores in [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 14.31), [megakaryocyte](/details-cell/CL0000556) (CSI: 8.40), and their terminally differentiated progeny, the [platelet](/details-cell/CL0000233) (CSI: 6.73). This pattern strongly suggests an involvement in the regulation of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Beyond this lineage, [SNN](/details-gene/8303) shows relevance in various immune cells, including [dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001056) (CSI: 6.40), [CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002397) (CSI: 4.41), and [alternatively activated macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000890) (CSI: 3.03), indicating a potential function in innate immune responses. A second prominent expression domain is within the nervous system, where it is a significant marker for [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099) (CSI: 6.82) and its subtypes, including [caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023064) and [cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron](/details-cell/CL0010011). This is consistent with literature describing its role in neuronal apoptosis induced by trimethyltin chloride ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.038)). The specific expression pattern suggests that [SNN](/details-gene/8303) is not a ubiquitous housekeeping gene but rather a specialist protein involved in stress response pathways within select cell types. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [SNN](/details-gene/8303) align closely with its observed cellular roles and published research. Its association with the biological process 'response to toxic substance' ([GO:0009636](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0009636)) is well-supported by studies demonstrating its ability to sensitize cells to organotin compounds like trimethyltin ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.104.001719)). This function is likely mediated by its molecular capacity for 'metal ion binding' ([GO:0046872](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046872)). Crucially, its subcellular localization to the 'mitochondrial outer membrane' ([GO:0005741](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005741)) places it at a key organelle for regulating cell fate and metabolism. The mitochondria are central to both apoptosis and cellular stress responses, which connects the gene's function directly to its location. Furthermore, evidence suggests [SNN](/details-gene/8303) expression is responsive to inflammatory stimuli like TNF-alpha in the context of vascular lesions ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10233894)), linking its role in cellular stress to inflammatory disease processes. Another study identified the protein as 'Hemotin', a regulator of phagocytosis, further supporting its role in immune cell function ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002395)). ## Research Directions The specific expression pattern and known functions of [SNN](/details-gene/8303) present several avenues for future investigation, particularly concerning its role in hematopoiesis, neurotoxicity, and inflammatory diseases. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in the entire megakaryocytic lineage, from [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) to [platelet](/details-cell/CL0000233), it is hypothesized that [SNN](/details-gene/8303) is a critical modulator of megakaryopoiesis, potentially by regulating mitochondrial integrity and stress responses during the demanding process of proplatelet formation. 2. Based on its high expression in [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099) subtypes and its documented role in mediating neurotoxicity, we hypothesize that the expression level of [SNN](/details-gene/8303) dictates the selective vulnerability of certain interneuron populations to environmental toxins, thereby contributing to the pathology of specific neurotoxic or neurodegenerative disorders. 3. Considering its expression in myeloid cells like monocytes and macrophages, and its reported upregulation by TNF-alpha ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10233894)), it is hypothesized that [SNN](/details-gene/8303) acts as a stress-response protein in macrophages during inflammation, modulating their phagocytic capacity and survival in metabolically challenging environments like an atherosclerotic plaque. **Key Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [SNN](/details-gene/8303) is a critical modulator of megakaryopoiesis (Hypothesis 1), one could perform a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of [SNN](/details-gene/8303) in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These modified cells would then be cultured *in vitro* under conditions that promote megakaryocyte differentiation. The resulting effects on cell proliferation, megakaryocyte maturation (assessed by ploidy analysis and surface marker expression via flow cytometry), and proplatelet formation (quantified by microscopy) would be compared between knockout and control cells. Additionally, mitochondrial function assays (e.g., measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production) could be performed to determine if SNN-deficient megakaryocytes exhibit altered metabolic or stress-response profiles. **Therapeutic Potential:** The role of [SNN](/details-gene/8303) in sensitizing cells to toxins and mediating apoptosis suggests it could be a context-dependent therapeutic target. In cancers that rely on altered mitochondrial function for survival, such as certain leukemias, [SNN](/details-gene/8303) could be a target for therapeutic modulation. Strategies that increase [SNN](/details-gene/8303) expression or mimic its pro-apoptotic function could potentially re-sensitize resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, exploring small molecules that modulate its activity or its downstream pathways represents a potential avenue for developing novel anti-cancer or chemosensitizing agents, particularly for hematological malignancies.

Genular Protein ID: 85186055

Symbol: SNN_HUMAN

Name: Stannin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O75324 D3DUG4 Q6FGI0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 EMBL 10 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 5 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9657854

Title: Chromosomal localization and characterization of the stannin (Snn) gene.

PubMed ID: 9657854

DOI: 10.1007/s003359900818

PubMed ID: 10233894

Title: Vascular endothelial genes that are responsive to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitro are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, including inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1, stannin, and two novel genes.

PubMed ID: 10233894

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15269288

Title: Stannin, a protein that localizes to the mitochondria and sensitizes NIH-3T3 cells to trimethyltin and dimethyltin toxicity.

PubMed ID: 15269288

DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.001719

PubMed ID: 27015288

Title: Hemotin, a regulator of phagocytosis encoded by a small ORF and conserved across metazoans.

PubMed ID: 27015288

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002395

PubMed ID: 16246365

Title: Structure, dynamics, and membrane topology of stannin: a mediator of neuronal cell apoptosis induced by trimethyltin chloride.

PubMed ID: 16246365

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.038

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 88
  • Mass: 9497
  • Checksum: 1E8DA73323C5D6DF
  • Sequence:
    • MSIMDHSPTT GVVTVIVILI AIAALGALIL GCWCYLRLQR ISQSEDEESI VGDGETKEPF 
LLVQYSAKGP CVERKAKLMT PNGPEVHG