Details for: GADD45A

Gene ID: 1647

Symbol: GADD45A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116717

Description: growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 210.3568
    Cell Significance Index: -32.7200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 127.2653
    Cell Significance Index: -32.2800
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 97.0755
    Cell Significance Index: -39.9900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 82.4997
    Cell Significance Index: -38.9500
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 73.4663
    Cell Significance Index: -37.7900
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 57.7775
    Cell Significance Index: -38.7700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 29.0359
    Cell Significance Index: -35.8000
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 17.8849
    Cell Significance Index: 53.1900
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 13.0727
    Cell Significance Index: -35.0200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 10.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -39.5400
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 8.3559
    Cell Significance Index: 147.6600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 8.0711
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 6.6648
    Cell Significance Index: 181.4100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 5.8383
    Cell Significance Index: 167.3600
  • Cell Name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell (CL0000075)
    Fold Change: 5.0875
    Cell Significance Index: 19.4800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 4.9857
    Cell Significance Index: 258.9900
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 4.4049
    Cell Significance Index: 35.1700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 3.2256
    Cell Significance Index: 416.7300
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: 3.0827
    Cell Significance Index: 22.1400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 3.0333
    Cell Significance Index: 87.4000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 2.9656
    Cell Significance Index: 364.6500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 2.8810
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 2.4405
    Cell Significance Index: 396.9300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 2.4286
    Cell Significance Index: 36.3900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 2.2962
    Cell Significance Index: 104.0800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 2.2774
    Cell Significance Index: 49.3400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 2.0526
    Cell Significance Index: 370.0200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 1.9936
    Cell Significance Index: 93.7000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.4714
    Cell Significance Index: 109.6600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.4062
    Cell Significance Index: 193.1100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.4037
    Cell Significance Index: 15.2600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 1.2271
    Cell Significance Index: 13.9400
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 1.1819
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1100
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 1.1531
    Cell Significance Index: 26.6400
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 1.0451
    Cell Significance Index: 6.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 1.0056
    Cell Significance Index: 114.7900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 546.2100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.9051
    Cell Significance Index: 18.9500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.6495
    Cell Significance Index: 83.2600
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.6364
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.6268
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3500
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.5911
    Cell Significance Index: 20.5400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.5119
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.5087
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.4693
    Cell Significance Index: 207.5100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4330
    Cell Significance Index: 85.9300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4264
    Cell Significance Index: 27.5100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3095
    Cell Significance Index: 58.9000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.2146
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.1781
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.1259
    Cell Significance Index: 92.3100
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.1222
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8900
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.1158
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.0818
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0553
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4500
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0303
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0241
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0075
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -34.3900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: -32.3900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: -33.3200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0261
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0442
    Cell Significance Index: -24.9100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0472
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0724
    Cell Significance Index: -32.8600
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.0787
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0830
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0841
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1800
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.1183
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1260
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1358
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.1582
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1664
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6200
  • Cell Name: perivascular cell (CL4033054)
    Fold Change: -0.1668
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1710
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1770
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1998
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.2129
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7200
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: -0.2253
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.2735
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.3194
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9300
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.3406
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.3593
    Cell Significance Index: -27.5700
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.3599
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.3742
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3780
    Cell Significance Index: -39.3600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.4471
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.4528
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.4744
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.4854
    Cell Significance Index: -32.6400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.5290
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GADD45A is a member of the GADD45 family of genes, which are induced in response to DNA damage, oxidative stress, and other forms of cellular stress. GADD45A is a 45-kDa protein that contains a conserved GADD45 domain, which is essential for its function. The gene is highly expressed in various cell types, including basal cells of the prostate epithelium, epithelial cells of the urethra, and fibroblasts of the mammary gland. **Pathways and Functions:** GADD45A is involved in various signaling pathways that regulate cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. These pathways include: 1. **Apoptotic Process**: GADD45A induces apoptosis in response to DNA damage by activating the JNK and p38 MAPK cascades. 2. **Cellular Response to Ionizing Radiation**: GADD45A is induced in response to ionizing radiation, leading to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. 3. **Regulation of Cell Cycle**: GADD45A regulates cell cycle progression by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and promoting the activity of CDK inhibitors. 4. **DNA Repair**: GADD45A is involved in the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms, including nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER). 5. **Transcriptional Regulation**: GADD45A regulates the expression of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. **Clinical Significance:** GADD45A has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: GADD45A is overexpressed in several types of cancer, including prostate, breast, and colon cancer. 2. **Genetic Disorders**: GADD45A is involved in the pathogenesis of genetic disorders, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. 3. **Neurodegenerative Diseases**: GADD45A has been implicated in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Infectious Diseases**: GADD45A is involved in the regulation of immune responses to infectious diseases, such as HIV and tuberculosis. In conclusion, GADD45A is a critical regulator of DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying its function. **Recommendations:** 1. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying GADD45A function. 2. The development of therapeutic strategies targeting GADD45A may provide novel approaches for the treatment of various diseases. 3. The analysis of GADD45A expression and function in different cell types and tissues may provide insights into its role in human disease. **Future Directions:** 1. Investigate the role of GADD45A in the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms. 2. Examine the relationship between GADD45A expression and the development of cancer. 3. Explore the potential of GADD45A as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. By further understanding the role of GADD45A in DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation, we may uncover new therapeutic targets for the treatment of various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 2133474875

Symbol: GA45A_HUMAN

Name: Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P24522 Q5TCA7 Q5TCA8

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 25 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 3 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1990262

Title: Induction by ionizing radiation of the gadd45 gene in cultured human cells: lack of mediation by protein kinase C.

PubMed ID: 1990262

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.2.1009-1016.1991

PubMed ID: 8226988

Title: Analysis of the mammalian gadd45 gene and its response to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 8226988

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)80537-7

PubMed ID: 16421274

Title: Nucleolin links to arsenic-induced stabilization of GADD45alpha mRNA.

PubMed ID: 16421274

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkj459

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12716909

Title: CR6-interacting factor 1 interacts with Gadd45 family proteins and modulates the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 12716909

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212835200

PubMed ID: 7973727

Title: Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

PubMed ID: 7973727

DOI: 10.1126/science.7973727

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 20460379

Title: Solution structure of human growth arrest and DNA damage 45alpha (Gadd45alpha) and its interactions with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Aurora A kinase.

PubMed ID: 20460379

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.069344

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 165
  • Mass: 18336
  • Checksum: F2ADC183F6C0F064
  • Sequence:
    • MTLEEFSAGE QKTERMDKVG DALEEVLSKA LSQRTITVGV YEAAKLLNVD PDNVVLCLLA 
ADEDDDRDVA LQIHFTLIQA FCCENDINIL RVSNPGRLAE LLLLETDAGP AASEGAEQPP 
DLHCVLVTNP HSSQWKDPAL SQLICFCRES RYMDQWVPVI NLPER

Genular Protein ID: 1369907362

Symbol: A5JUZ3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A5JUZ3

Database IDs:

Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 2 GO 2 Gene3D 1 GeneTree 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 InterPro 2 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PeptideAtlas 1 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 1 RefSeq 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 60
  • Mass: 6665
  • Checksum: 3A92527071682B30
  • Sequence:
    • MTLEEFSAGE QKTERMDKVG DALEEVLSKA LSQRTITVGV YEAAKLLNVI HIHLNGRILP

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.