CFD | ENSG00000197766 | NCBI 1675

Details for: CFD

Gene ID: 1675

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: CFD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197766

Description: complement factor D

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Alternative complement activation
(R-HSA-173736)
Complement cascade
(R-HSA-166658)
Hemostasis
(R-HSA-109582)
Immune system
(R-HSA-168256)
Initial triggering of complement
(R-HSA-166663)
Innate immune system
(R-HSA-168249)
Neutrophil degranulation
(R-HSA-6798695)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation
(R-HSA-76002)
Platelet degranulation
(R-HSA-114608)
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic ca2+
(R-HSA-76005)
Complement activation
(GO:0006956)
Complement activation, alternative pathway
(GO:0006957)
Extracellular exosome
(GO:0070062)
Extracellular region
(GO:0005576)
Extracellular space
(GO:0005615)
Ficolin-1-rich granule lumen
(GO:1904813)
Platelet alpha granule lumen
(GO:0031093)
Protein maturation
(GO:0051604)
Proteolysis
(GO:0006508)
Response to bacterium
(GO:0009617)
Secretory granule lumen
(GO:0034774)
Serine-type endopeptidase activity
(GO:0004252)
Serine-type peptidase activity
(GO:0008236)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 56.98

rCSI 53.03%

PRS 87.58
skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 47.09

rCSI 40.59%

PRS 86.2
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 42.84

rCSI 34.8%

PRS 86.07
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 42.76

rCSI 46.83%

PRS 88.14
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 40.39

rCSI 63.79%

PRS 87.53
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 39.82

rCSI 30.68%

PRS 89.68
adventitial cell CL0002503

CSI 33.18

rCSI 79.24%

PRS 89.35
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 31.63

rCSI 27.39%

PRS 89.49
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 30.87

rCSI 24.96%

PRS 88.32
keratocyte CL0002363

CSI 28.42

rCSI 68.32%

PRS 88.19
stromal cell CL0000499

CSI 23.46

rCSI 66%

PRS 81.96
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 23.06

rCSI 21.17%

PRS 92.21
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 21.51

rCSI 22.28%

PRS 89.12
CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397

CSI 20.81

rCSI 27.27%

PRS 94.1
non-classical monocyte CL0000875

CSI 19.78

rCSI 31.7%

PRS 92.74
fibroblast CL0000057

CSI 19.22

rCSI 55.28%

PRS 78.59
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 18.79

rCSI 51.62%

PRS 90.82
alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 17.99

rCSI 29.63%

PRS 89.2
mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570

CSI 17.94

rCSI 100%

PRS 88.08
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 17.26

rCSI 25.26%

PRS 90.53
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 16.15

rCSI 20.3%

PRS 93.16
promyelocyte CL0000836

CSI 15.48

rCSI 22.33%

PRS 90.16
fibroblast of breast CL4006000

CSI 14.36

rCSI 60.35%

PRS 89.43
classical monocyte CL0000860

CSI 13.87

rCSI 20.56%

PRS 93.46
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 13.27

rCSI 13.9%

PRS 84.17
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 12.94

rCSI 17.92%

PRS 83.14
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 12.41

rCSI 9.62%

PRS 89.69
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 11.17

rCSI 11.66%

PRS 85.63
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 10.2

rCSI 10.18%

PRS 80.9
CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054

CSI 10.11

rCSI 12.59%

PRS 93.16
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035

CSI 10.1

rCSI 29.24%

PRS 85.88
adipocyte CL0000136

CSI 9.93

rCSI 12.75%

PRS 77.49
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 9.73

rCSI 8.78%

PRS 85.21
Kupffer cell CL0000091

CSI 9.21

rCSI 21.06%

PRS 87.56
CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057

CSI 9.04

rCSI 54.67%

PRS 93.66
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 8.39

rCSI 11.47%

PRS 90.33
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI 8.35

rCSI 27.09%

PRS 84.57
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 7.92

rCSI 7.31%

PRS 87.63
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 7.73

rCSI 7.45%

PRS 85.7
granulocyte CL0000094

CSI 7.69

rCSI 11.74%

PRS 91.88
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 7.68

rCSI 13.16%

PRS 90.12
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 7.53

rCSI 9.63%

PRS 91.82
mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113

CSI 7.27

rCSI 16%

PRS 89.41
monocyte CL0000576

CSI 7.06

rCSI 12.76%

PRS 88.87
fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548

CSI 6.99

rCSI 33.48%

PRS 86.99
Schwann cell CL0002573

CSI 6.82

rCSI 19.4%

PRS 82.48
lung macrophage CL1001603

CSI 6.54

rCSI 14.6%

PRS 91.93
cardiac neuron CL0010022

CSI 6.52

rCSI 20.85%

PRS 84.67
subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521

CSI 6.48

rCSI 33.21%

PRS 88.94
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 6.46

rCSI 7.8%

PRS 92.32
macrophage CL0000235

CSI 6.25

rCSI 11.37%

PRS 89.03
glandular epithelial cell CL0000150

CSI 6.09

rCSI 16.04%

PRS 94.3
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 5.87

rCSI 4.9%

PRS 83.14
tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864

CSI 5.86

rCSI 27.45%

PRS 94.33
melanocyte CL0000148

CSI 5.79

rCSI 4.29%

PRS 81.72
pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410

CSI 5.74

rCSI 33.41%

PRS 88.88
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 5.65

rCSI 6.55%

PRS 88.4
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 5.5

rCSI 4.83%

PRS 77.19
inflammatory macrophage CL0000863

CSI 5.42

rCSI 9.27%

PRS 95.95
cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008

CSI 5.39

rCSI 21.76%

PRS 86.99
conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432

CSI 5.31

rCSI 8.11%

PRS 86.38
club cell CL0000158

CSI 5.24

rCSI 7.68%

PRS 81.62
kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695

CSI 5.07

rCSI 13.21%

PRS 87.83
microglial cell CL0000129

CSI 5.04

rCSI 20.3%

PRS 85.97
melanocyte of skin CL1000458

CSI 5

rCSI 6.81%

PRS 55.32
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 4.87

rCSI 6.24%

PRS 88.82
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839

CSI 4.67

rCSI 24.11%

PRS 96.03
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 4.52

rCSI 4.73%

PRS 84.23
pericyte CL0000669

CSI 4.5

rCSI 11.98%

PRS 62.95
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 4.38

rCSI 4.05%

PRS 96.47
endocardial cell CL0002350

CSI 4.25

rCSI 20.35%

PRS 82.6
lung pericyte CL0009089

CSI 4.17

rCSI 11%

PRS 91.46
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 4.14

rCSI 6.24%

PRS 91.03
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 4.09

rCSI 4.81%

PRS 87.45
smooth muscle cell of prostate CL1000487

CSI 3.96

rCSI 23.26%

PRS 90.42
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 3.89

rCSI 4.81%

PRS 84.97
basophil CL0000767

CSI 3.88

rCSI 8.2%

PRS 93.59
dendritic cell CL0000451

CSI 3.79

rCSI 4.67%

PRS 87.35
myoepithelial cell CL0000185

CSI 3.78

rCSI 9.57%

PRS 89.91
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 3.69

rCSI 3.06%

PRS 87.66
neutrophil CL0000775

CSI 3.55

rCSI 19.88%

PRS 85.12
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 3.43

rCSI 7.83%

PRS 79.82
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 3.29

rCSI 4.09%

PRS 86.76
luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326

CSI 3.21

rCSI 5.84%

PRS 93.2
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 3.19

rCSI 4.51%

PRS 83.55
platelet CL0000233

CSI 3.07

rCSI 12.74%

PRS 83.49
blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071

CSI 2.94

rCSI 6.1%

PRS 84.16
lung ciliated cell CL1000271

CSI 2.89

rCSI 3.34%

PRS 80.28
IgG plasma cell CL0000985

CSI 2.83

rCSI 3.39%

PRS 92.79
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 2.66

rCSI 4.08%

PRS 92.92
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 2.62

rCSI 4.01%

PRS 91.51
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 2.52

rCSI 2.11%

PRS 88.07
colon macrophage CL0009038

CSI 2.52

rCSI 11.63%

PRS 94.77
Hofbauer cell CL3000001

CSI 2.27

rCSI 4.29%

PRS 92.53
mesothelial cell CL0000077

CSI 2.26

rCSI 8.84%

PRS 67.02
epicardial adipocyte CL1000309

CSI 2.23

rCSI 7.27%

PRS 83.81
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 2.15

rCSI 3.11%

PRS 95.4
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 2.08

rCSI 1.38%

PRS 88.46
cardiac muscle cell CL0000746

CSI 1.89

rCSI 2.71%

PRS 77.72
mesenchymal cell CL0008019

CSI 1.81

rCSI 4.58%

PRS 80.63

pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010

CSI 0.3

rCSI 3.7%

PRS 96.3%
basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348

CSI 0.4

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 88.9%
erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038

CSI 0.5

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 89.7%
respiratory goblet cell CL0002370

CSI 0.6

rCSI 6.3%

PRS 91.2%
myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057

CSI 0.8

rCSI 4.7%

PRS 95.2%
epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296

CSI 0.8

rCSI 21.0%

PRS 90.9%
endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139

CSI 0.9

rCSI 5.2%

PRS 83.0%
bronchial goblet cell CL1000312

CSI 1.0

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 91.1%
myelocyte CL0002193

CSI 1.1

rCSI 6.9%

PRS 94.7%
endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095

CSI 1.2

rCSI 8.4%

PRS 91.9%
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 1.2

rCSI 1.5%

PRS 92.7%
regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131

CSI 1.2

rCSI 7.6%

PRS 79.5%
metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042

CSI 1.3

rCSI 14.1%

PRS 92.8%
eosinophil CL0000771

CSI 1.5

rCSI 9.5%

PRS 96.2%
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 1.6

rCSI 12.6%

PRS 82.4%
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 1.6

rCSI 7.0%

PRS 89.4%
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 1.7

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 85.3%
cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI 1.7

rCSI 9.7%

PRS 87.5%
tracheal goblet cell CL1000329

CSI 1.7

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 90.6%
mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327

CSI 1.7

rCSI 6.1%

PRS 91.8%
M cell of gut CL0000682

CSI 1.8

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 89.5%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203

CSI 1.8

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 66.9%
mesenchymal cell CL0008019

CSI 1.8

rCSI 4.6%

PRS 80.6%
cardiac muscle cell CL0000746

CSI 1.9

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 77.7%
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 2.1

rCSI 1.4%

PRS 88.5%
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 2.2

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 95.4%
epicardial adipocyte CL1000309

CSI 2.2

rCSI 7.3%

PRS 83.8%
mesothelial cell CL0000077

CSI 2.3

rCSI 8.8%

PRS 67.0%
Hofbauer cell CL3000001

CSI 2.3

rCSI 4.3%

PRS 92.5%
colon macrophage CL0009038

CSI 2.5

rCSI 11.6%

PRS 94.8%
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 2.5

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 88.1%
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 2.6

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 91.5%
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 2.7

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 92.9%
IgG plasma cell CL0000985

CSI 2.8

rCSI 3.4%

PRS 92.8%
lung ciliated cell CL1000271

CSI 2.9

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 80.3%
blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071

CSI 2.9

rCSI 6.1%

PRS 84.2%
platelet CL0000233

CSI 3.1

rCSI 12.7%

PRS 83.5%
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 3.2

rCSI 4.5%

PRS 83.6%
luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326

CSI 3.2

rCSI 5.8%

PRS 93.2%
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 3.3

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 86.8%
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 3.4

rCSI 7.8%

PRS 79.8%
neutrophil CL0000775

CSI 3.6

rCSI 19.9%

PRS 85.1%
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 3.7

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 87.7%
myoepithelial cell CL0000185

CSI 3.8

rCSI 9.6%

PRS 89.9%
dendritic cell CL0000451

CSI 3.8

rCSI 4.7%

PRS 87.4%
basophil CL0000767

CSI 3.9

rCSI 8.2%

PRS 93.6%
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 3.9

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 85.0%
smooth muscle cell of prostate CL1000487

CSI 4.0

rCSI 23.3%

PRS 90.4%
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 4.1

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 87.5%
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 4.1

rCSI 6.2%

PRS 91.0%
lung pericyte CL0009089

CSI 4.2

rCSI 11.0%

PRS 91.5%
endocardial cell CL0002350

CSI 4.3

rCSI 20.4%

PRS 82.6%
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 4.4

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 96.5%
pericyte CL0000669

CSI 4.5

rCSI 12.0%

PRS 63.0%
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 4.5

rCSI 4.7%

PRS 84.2%
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839

CSI 4.7

rCSI 24.1%

PRS 96.0%
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 4.9

rCSI 6.2%

PRS 88.8%
melanocyte of skin CL1000458

CSI 5.0

rCSI 6.8%

PRS 55.3%
microglial cell CL0000129

CSI 5.0

rCSI 20.3%

PRS 86.0%
kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695

CSI 5.1

rCSI 13.2%

PRS 87.8%
club cell CL0000158

CSI 5.2

rCSI 7.7%

PRS 81.6%
conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432

CSI 5.3

rCSI 8.1%

PRS 86.4%
cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008

CSI 5.4

rCSI 21.8%

PRS 87.0%
inflammatory macrophage CL0000863

CSI 5.4

rCSI 9.3%

PRS 96.0%
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 5.5

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 77.2%
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 5.7

rCSI 6.6%

PRS 88.4%
pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410

CSI 5.7

rCSI 33.4%

PRS 88.9%
melanocyte CL0000148

CSI 5.8

rCSI 4.3%

PRS 81.7%
tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864

CSI 5.9

rCSI 27.5%

PRS 94.3%
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 5.9

rCSI 4.9%

PRS 83.1%
glandular epithelial cell CL0000150

CSI 6.1

rCSI 16.0%

PRS 94.3%
macrophage CL0000235

CSI 6.3

rCSI 11.4%

PRS 89.0%
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 6.5

rCSI 7.8%

PRS 92.3%
subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521

CSI 6.5

rCSI 33.2%

PRS 88.9%
cardiac neuron CL0010022

CSI 6.5

rCSI 20.9%

PRS 84.7%
lung macrophage CL1001603

CSI 6.5

rCSI 14.6%

PRS 91.9%
Schwann cell CL0002573

CSI 6.8

rCSI 19.4%

PRS 82.5%
fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548

CSI 7.0

rCSI 33.5%

PRS 87.0%
monocyte CL0000576

CSI 7.1

rCSI 12.8%

PRS 88.9%
mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113

CSI 7.3

rCSI 16.0%

PRS 89.4%
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 7.5

rCSI 9.6%

PRS 91.8%
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 7.7

rCSI 13.2%

PRS 90.1%
granulocyte CL0000094

CSI 7.7

rCSI 11.7%

PRS 91.9%
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 7.7

rCSI 7.5%

PRS 85.7%
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 7.9

rCSI 7.3%

PRS 87.6%
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI 8.4

rCSI 27.1%

PRS 84.6%
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 8.4

rCSI 11.5%

PRS 90.3%
CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057

CSI 9.0

rCSI 54.7%

PRS 93.7%
Kupffer cell CL0000091

CSI 9.2

rCSI 21.1%

PRS 87.6%
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 9.7

rCSI 8.8%

PRS 85.2%
adipocyte CL0000136

CSI 9.9

rCSI 12.8%

PRS 77.5%
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035

CSI 10.1

rCSI 29.2%

PRS 85.9%
CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054

CSI 10.1

rCSI 12.6%

PRS 93.2%
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 10.2

rCSI 10.2%

PRS 80.9%
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 11.2

rCSI 11.7%

PRS 85.6%
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 12.4

rCSI 9.6%

PRS 89.7%
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 12.9

rCSI 17.9%

PRS 83.1%
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 13.3

rCSI 13.9%

PRS 84.2%
classical monocyte CL0000860

CSI 13.9

rCSI 20.6%

PRS 93.5%
fibroblast of breast CL4006000

CSI 14.4

rCSI 60.4%

PRS 89.4%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [CFD](/details-gene/1675), or Complement Factor D, encodes a highly specific serine protease that is a rate-limiting enzyme in the alternative pathway of the complement system. Functionally, it cleaves Factor B when it is bound to C3b, forming the C3bB complex, which leads to the generation of the C3 convertase C3bBb. This process is essential for amplifying the complement cascade, a critical component of the innate immune response against pathogens. Expression data indicates that **Overall**, [CFD](/details-gene/1675) is a significant marker for various fibroblast populations, including [fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL0002553) and [skin fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002620), as well as for myeloid cells such as [CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002396). The gene is also known as adipsin and is expressed at high levels in adipose tissue ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50409-4)). Genetic deficiencies in [CFD](/details-gene/1675) are associated with an impaired alternative complement pathway, leading to increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, particularly from *Neisseria meningitidis* ([OMIM](/omim/134350), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-07-2820)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [CFD](/details-gene/1675) highlights its dual role in both structural/stromal biology and innate immunity. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in multiple fibroblast subtypes. It is a top marker for [fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL0002553) (CSI: 56.98), [skin fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002620) (CSI: 47.09), and various lung-specific fibroblasts like [bronchus fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL2000093) and [alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell](/details-cell/CL4028004). This strong and widespread expression in fibroblast populations suggests that these stromal cells may be a significant local source of Factor D, contributing to tissue-level immune surveillance and inflammation, a role historically attributed primarily to systemic production. Concurrently, [CFD](/details-gene/1675) is prominently expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage. It is highly significant in [CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002396) (CSI: 39.82), [granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000557) (CSI: 31.63), and [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) (CSI: 30.87). This expression pattern is consistent with its canonical function in the complement system, as monocytes and their derivatives are key players in innate immunity and inflammation, where the alternative pathway is critical for opsonization and pathogen clearance. The presence in progenitor cells suggests its role is established early during myeloid differentiation. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions and biological pathways associated with [CFD](/details-gene/1675) are tightly centered on its role as a serine protease in the innate immune system. **Molecular Function:** Gene Ontology annotations confirm its enzymatic activity as '[Serine-type endopeptidase activity](/details-go/GO:0004252)' and '[Serine-type peptidase activity](/details-go/GO:0008236)'. This is the core biochemical function that enables it to cleave Factor B. **Biological Process:** [CFD](/details-gene/1675) is a central component of '[Complement activation](/details-go/GO:0006956)', specifically the '[Complement activation, alternative pathway](/details-go/GO:0006957)'. This is further supported by Reactome annotations, which place it in the '[Alternative complement activation](/details-reactome/R-HSA-173736)' pathway within the broader '[Innate immune system](/details-reactome/R-HSA-168249)' and '[Complement cascade](/details-reactome/R-HSA-166658)'. Its involvement in '[Response to bacterium](/details-go/GO:0009617)' underscores its importance in host defense. **Cellular Location and Broader Roles:** The protein is found in the '[Extracellular region](/details-go/GO:0005576)' and '[Extracellular space](/details-go/GO:0005615)', consistent with its function as a secreted protease acting on other complement components in the plasma or interstitial fluid. Additionally, its annotation in '[Neutrophil degranulation](/details-reactome/R-HSA-6798695)' and its presence in the '[Platelet alpha granule lumen](/details-go/GO:0031093)' suggest roles in the interplay between the complement system, hemostasis, and the inflammatory functions of other immune cells like neutrophils. ## Research Directions The widespread expression of [CFD](/details-gene/1675) in stromal cells, in addition to its classic role as a systemic immune protein, opens several avenues for future investigation. **Testable Hypotheses:** 1. **Localized Complement Activation:** The high expression of [CFD](/details-gene/1675) in tissue-resident fibroblasts suggests a primary role in local immune surveillance. We hypothesize that fibroblast-secreted Factor D is a critical initiator of the alternative complement pathway at sites of sterile tissue injury or localized infection, providing a rapid, localized response independent of systemic, liver-derived Factor D. 2. **Role in Metabolic Inflammation:** Given that [CFD](/details-gene/1675) is identical to adipsin and is highly expressed in adipose tissue, we hypothesize that its local production in inflamed adipose tissue contributes to the chronic, low-grade inflammation characteristic of metabolic syndromes like obesity and type 2 diabetes by driving local complement-mediated tissue damage and immune cell recruitment. **Proposed Key Experiment:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of fibroblast-derived [CFD](/details-gene/1675) in local immunity, a conditional knockout mouse model could be employed. Specifically, using a Cre-loxP system with a fibroblast-specific promoter (e.g., *Col1a1*-CreERT2) to delete [CFD](/details-gene/1675) only in fibroblasts. These mice and their wild-type littermates would be subjected to a model of sterile skin wounding. The functional consequence would be assessed by measuring the deposition of complement component C3b (a key downstream marker of activation) via immunohistochemistry at the wound site at various time points. A significant reduction in C3b deposition in the conditional knockout mice compared to controls would confirm that fibroblast-derived Factor D is essential for initiating the local complement response to tissue injury. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a rate-limiting enzyme in the alternative complement pathway, [CFD](/details-gene/1675) is a compelling therapeutic target. Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in a range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, C3 glomerulopathy, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Therefore, **inhibition** of [CFD](/details-gene/1675) activity is a promising strategy to dampen pathologic complement activation. Its extracellular nature and enzymatic function make it an accessible target for small molecule inhibitors or therapeutic antibodies. The primary challenge would be to achieve a therapeutic window that reduces pathological inflammation without compromising its crucial role in host defense against bacterial infections, as highlighted by the severe infectious phenotype of [CFD](/details-gene/1675)-deficient individuals.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Genular Protein ID: 2003327440

Symbol: CFAD_HUMAN

Name: Complement factor D

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P00746 B4DV76 Q5U5S1 Q86VJ5 Q8N4E0 Q8WZB4

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1374388

Title: Human adipsin is identical to complement factor D and is expressed at high levels in adipose tissue.

PubMed ID: 1374388

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50409-4

PubMed ID: 6383466

Title: Amino acid sequence of human D of the alternative complement pathway.

PubMed ID: 6383466

DOI: 10.1021/bi00306a025

PubMed ID: 6363133

Title: Amino acid sequence of human factor D of the complement system. Similarity in sequence between factor D and proteases of non-plasma origin.

PubMed ID: 6363133

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80110-6

PubMed ID: 6987665

Title: Partial amino acid sequence of human factor D: homology with serine proteases.

PubMed ID: 6987665

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.2.1116

PubMed ID: 6776531

Title: Active site amino acid sequence of human factor D.

PubMed ID: 6776531

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4938

PubMed ID: 6821372

Title: Factor D of the alternative pathway of human complement. Purification, alignment and N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major cyanogen bromide fragments, and localization of the serine residue at the active site.

PubMed ID: 6821372

DOI: 10.1042/bj1870863

PubMed ID: 22905912

Title: Resveratrol-induced changes of the human adipocyte secretion profile.

PubMed ID: 22905912

DOI: 10.1021/pr300539b

PubMed ID: 8289289

Title: Structure of human factor D. A complement system protein at 2.0-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 8289289

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1021

PubMed ID: 7592653

Title: Crystal structure of a complement factor D mutant expressing enhanced catalytic activity.

PubMed ID: 7592653

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.41.24399

PubMed ID: 16527897

Title: Deficient alternative complement pathway activation due to factor D deficiency by 2 novel mutations in the complement factor D gene in a family with meningococcal infections.

PubMed ID: 16527897

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2820

Sequence Information:

Length: 253
Mass: 27033
Checksum: 78B06C209DEEA362
Sequence:

MHSWERLAVL VLLGAAACAA PPRGRILGGR EAEAHARPYM ASVQLNGAHL CGGVLVAEQW 
VLSAAHCLED AADGKVQVLL GAHSLSQPEP SKRLYDVLRA VPHPDSQPDT IDHDLLLLQL 
SEKATLGPAV RPLPWQRVDR DVAPGTLCDV AGWGIVNHAG RRPDSLQHVL LPVLDRATCN 
RRTHHDGAIT ERLMCAESNR RDSCKGDSGG PLVCGGVLEG VVTSGSRVCG NRKKPGIYTR 
VASYAAWIDS VLA

Genular Protein ID: 728180445

Symbol: K7ERG9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

K7ERG9

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 22905912

Title: Resveratrol-induced changes of the human adipocyte secretion profile.

PubMed ID: 22905912

DOI: 10.1021/pr300539b

Sequence Information:

Length: 260
Mass: 27863
Checksum: 271B5A14D64E0990
Sequence:

MHSWERLAVL VLLGAAACGE EAWAWAAPPR GRILGGREAE AHARPYMASV QLNGAHLCGG 
VLVAEQWVLS AAHCLEDAAD GKVQVLLGAH SLSQPEPSKR LYDVLRAVPH PDSQPDTIDH 
DLLLLQLSEK ATLGPAVRPL PWQRVDRDVA PGTLCDVAGW GIVNHAGRRP DSLQHVLLPV 
LDRATCNRRT HHDGAITERL MCAESNRRDS CKGDSGGPLV CGGVLEGVVT SGSRVCGNRK 
KPGIYTRVAS YAAWIDSVLA

Genular Protein ID: 1971628381

Symbol: A6XNE2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A6XNE2

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

Length: 260
Mass: 27780
Checksum: EC76ECCBFAFCC2B7
Sequence:

MHSWERLAVL VLLGAAACGE EAWACAAPPR GRILGGREAE AHARPYMASV QLNGAHLCGG 
VLVAEQWVLS AAHCLEDAAD GKVQVLLGAH SLSQPEPSKR LYDVLRAVPH PDSQPDTIDH 
DLLLLQLSEK ATLGPAVRPL PWQRVDRDVA PGTLCDVAGW GIVNHAGRRP DSLQHVLLPV 
LDRATCNRRT HHDGAITERL MCAESNRRDS CKGDSGGPLV CGGVLEGVVT SGSRVCGNRK 
KPGIYTRVAS YAAWIDSVLA

Details for: CFD

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Human adipsin is identical to complement factor D and is expressed at high levels in adipose tissue. PubMed ID: 1374388

Amino acid sequence of human D of the alternative complement pathway. PubMed ID: 6383466

Amino acid sequence of human factor D of the complement system. Similarity in sequence between factor D and proteases of non-plasma origin. PubMed ID: 6363133

Partial amino acid sequence of human factor D: homology with serine proteases. PubMed ID: 6987665

Active site amino acid sequence of human factor D. PubMed ID: 6776531

Factor D of the alternative pathway of human complement. Purification, alignment and N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major cyanogen bromide fragments, and localization of the serine residue at the active site. PubMed ID: 6821372

Resveratrol-induced changes of the human adipocyte secretion profile. PubMed ID: 22905912

Structure of human factor D. A complement system protein at 2.0-A resolution. PubMed ID: 8289289

Crystal structure of a complement factor D mutant expressing enhanced catalytic activity. PubMed ID: 7592653

Deficient alternative complement pathway activation due to factor D deficiency by 2 novel mutations in the complement factor D gene in a family with meningococcal infections. PubMed ID: 16527897

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. PubMed ID: 11237011

The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. PubMed ID: 15057824

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. PubMed ID: 15496913

Resveratrol-induced changes of the human adipocyte secretion profile. PubMed ID: 22905912

PubMed ID: 14702039

PubMed ID: 15489334

PubMed ID: 1374388

PubMed ID: 6383466

PubMed ID: 6363133

PubMed ID: 6987665

PubMed ID: 6776531

PubMed ID: 6821372

PubMed ID: 22905912

PubMed ID: 8289289

PubMed ID: 7592653

PubMed ID: 16527897

PubMed ID: 11237011

PubMed ID: 15057824

PubMed ID: 15496913

PubMed ID: 22905912