Details for: AMY2B

Gene ID: 280

Symbol: AMY2B

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000240038

Description: amylase alpha 2B

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 83.3841
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9700
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 50.1590
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7200
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 10.5438
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 3.3071
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 2.9604
    Cell Significance Index: 851.8000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 2.7917
    Cell Significance Index: 476.7000
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 2.6619
    Cell Significance Index: 55.5200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.4531
    Cell Significance Index: 291.4900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 1.3419
    Cell Significance Index: 59.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 1.2785
    Cell Significance Index: 145.9400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 1.2574
    Cell Significance Index: 32.3200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 1.2528
    Cell Significance Index: 47.4400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.7462
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.7302
    Cell Significance Index: 261.9000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.6785
    Cell Significance Index: 52.0700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.5443
    Cell Significance Index: 36.6000
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.5226
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7500
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.5183
    Cell Significance Index: 11.3500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.4664
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3100
  • Cell Name: salivary gland glandular cell (CL1001596)
    Fold Change: 0.4563
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3685
    Cell Significance Index: 36.4500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3446
    Cell Significance Index: 311.1700
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.2873
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2174
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2021
    Cell Significance Index: 32.8800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.1659
    Cell Significance Index: 103.5900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.1534
    Cell Significance Index: 27.6500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.1525
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.1479
    Cell Significance Index: 16.0900
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 0.1450
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3400
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.1250
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4400
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 0.0929
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1700
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: 0.0877
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0803
    Cell Significance Index: 151.1400
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.0612
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7300
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0608
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0513
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0494
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.0474
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8500
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.0418
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2000
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0382
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0329
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0294
    Cell Significance Index: 45.3000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: 52.2600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0265
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6700
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.0260
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0138
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0133
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0273
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0348
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.0355
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0429
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0497
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0545
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0595
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0800
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.0661
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.0759
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0763
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0804
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: -0.0808
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0828
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0869
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2500
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0872
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0920
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0969
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0900
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.0994
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1005
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1042
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1058
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1066
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -0.1085
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.1137
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1295
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1355
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.1359
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1379
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1432
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1507
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.1521
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1600
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1629
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4700
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1682
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1858
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzymatic Function:** AMY2B is a salivary amylase that hydrolyzes starches into oligosaccharides, which are then further broken down into simple sugars. This process is essential for the initiation of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. 2. **Tissue Expression:** AMY2B is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas, acinar cells of the salivary gland, and pancreatic acinar cells, indicating its role in both salivary and pancreatic secretions. 3. **Neuronal Expression:** Surprisingly, AMY2B is also expressed in dopaminergic neurons, near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neurons, and corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neurons, suggesting a potential role in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Alpha-amylase Activity:** AMY2B catalyzes the hydrolysis of starches into oligosaccharides, which are then further broken down into simple sugars. 2. **Carbohydrate Metabolic Process:** AMY2B plays a crucial role in the initiation of carbohydrate digestion, ensuring the proper breakdown of starches into simple sugars. 3. **Digestion and Absorption:** AMY2B contributes to the digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrates, affecting glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. 4. **Extracellular Exosome and Extracellular Space:** AMY2B is involved in the formation and regulation of extracellular exosomes, which play a role in intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis. 5. **Metal Ion Binding:** AMY2B has the ability to bind metal ions, which may influence its enzymatic activity and interactions with other proteins. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Dysregulation of Carbohydrate Digestion:** Mutations in the AMY2B gene have been associated with congenital amylase deficiency (CAD), a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired carbohydrate digestion and absorption. 2. **Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer:** Elevated AMY2B levels have been observed in pancreatic cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumor progression and metastasis. 3. **Neurological Disorders:** The expression of AMY2B in neurons has led to speculation about its potential involvement in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Cancer Metastasis:** AMY2B's role in extracellular exosome formation and metal ion binding may contribute to its involvement in cancer metastasis and progression. In conclusion, AMY2B is a multifunctional enzyme with a wide range of roles in digestion, neurotransmission, and intercellular communication. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying AMY2B's functions and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 2854292858

Symbol: AMY2B_HUMAN

Name: Alpha-amylase 2B

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P19961 B3KTI1 B3KXB7 D3DT76 Q9UBH3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CAZy 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 9 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 9 EC 1 EMBL 12 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 5 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2701942

Title: A novel type of human alpha-amylase produced in lung carcinoid tumor.

PubMed ID: 2701942

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90003-6

PubMed ID: 2401405

Title: Cloning and characterization of a third type of human alpha-amylase gene, AMY2B.

PubMed ID: 2401405

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90191-s

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2452973

Title: Concerted evolution of human amylase genes.

PubMed ID: 2452973

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.3.1197-1205.1988

PubMed ID: 3260028

Title: Human pancreatic amylase is encoded by two different genes.

PubMed ID: 3260028

DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.10.4724

PubMed ID: 8268204

Title: Identification of the characteristic amino-acid sequence for human alpha-amylase encoded by the AMY2B gene.

PubMed ID: 8268204

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90087-8

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 511
  • Mass: 57710
  • Checksum: 05FC3B1EC1143857
  • Sequence:
    • MKFFLLLFTI GFCWAQYSPN TQQGRTSIVH LFEWRWVDIA LECERYLAPK GFGGVQVSPP 
NENVAIHNPF RPWWERYQPV SYKLCTRSGN EDEFRNMVTR CNNVGVRIYV DAVINHMSGN 
AVSAGTSSTC GSYFNPGSRD FPAVPYSGWD FNDGKCKTGS GDIENYNDAT QVRDCRLVGL 
LDLALEKDYV RSKIAEYMNH LIDIGVAGFR LDASKHMWPG DIKAILDKLH NLNSNWFPAG 
SKPFIYQEVI DLGGEPIKSS DYFGNGRVTE FKYGAKLGTV IRKWNGEKMS YLKNWGEGWG 
FMPSDRALVF VDNHDNQRGH GAGGASILTF WDARLYKMAV GFMLAHPYGF TRVMSSYRWP 
RQFQNGNDVN DWVGPPNNNG VIKEVTINPD TTCGNDWVCE HRWRQIRNMV NFRNVVDGQP 
FTNWYDNGSN QVAFGRGNRG FIVFNNDDWT FSLTLQTGLP AGTYCDVISG DKINGNCTGI 
KIYVSDDGKA HFSISNSAED PFIAIHAESK L

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.