Details for: GPD2

Gene ID: 2820

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: GPD2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115159

Description: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 17.15
    rCSI 42.46%
    PRS 41.88
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 14.29
    rCSI 10.59%
    PRS 37.73
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 13.5
    rCSI 42.21%
    PRS 29.96
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 9.91
    rCSI 12.78%
    PRS 29.7
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 7.6
    rCSI 12.51%
    PRS 49.32
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 7.26
    rCSI 12.81%
    PRS 27.84
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 6.76
    rCSI 10.78%
    PRS 37.96
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 6.57
    rCSI 7.58%
    PRS 38.42
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 6.27
    rCSI 14.3%
    PRS 42.53
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 6.01
    rCSI 8.52%
    PRS 40.89
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 5.96
    rCSI 8.15%
    PRS 46.43
  • neutrophil CL0000775
    CSI 5.86
    rCSI 32.77%
    PRS 56.72
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 5.78
    rCSI 12.8%
    PRS 41.21
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 12.33%
    PRS 29.48
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 5.21
    rCSI 8.54%
    PRS 34.94
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 4.77
    rCSI 6.38%
    PRS 52.19
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 4.66
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 30.84
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 4.41
    rCSI 7.62%
    PRS 34.93
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 4.36
    rCSI 5.27%
    PRS 51.45
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 4.27
    rCSI 7.99%
    PRS 34.06
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 4.21
    rCSI 9.63%
    PRS 43.21
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 4.12
    rCSI 8.28%
    PRS 34.16
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 3.96
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 46.09
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 8.58%
    PRS 47.79
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 3.87
    rCSI 11.49%
    PRS 55.62
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 3.69
    rCSI 4.73%
    PRS 48.55
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 3.53
    rCSI 8.06%
    PRS 37.58
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 3.51
    rCSI 9.25%
    PRS 66.43
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 3.49
    rCSI 5.55%
    PRS 37.27
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 3.32
    rCSI 4.87%
    PRS 40
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.25
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 44.84
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 3.19
    rCSI 2.52%
    PRS 32.13
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 3.16
    rCSI 3.93%
    PRS 27.36
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 3.13
    rCSI 3.28%
    PRS 46.5
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 7.85%
    PRS 52.01
  • subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 15.12%
    PRS 47.47
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 12.46%
    PRS 41.34
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 28.79
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.87
    rCSI 3.68%
    PRS 39.62
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 8.22%
    PRS 35.64
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 2.79%
    PRS 44.56
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 5.94%
    PRS 50.3
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 2.62%
    PRS 38.29
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 5.74%
    PRS 58.27
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 46.52
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 9.74%
    PRS 37.18
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.56
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 43.65
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.54
    rCSI 5.27%
    PRS 41.78
  • central nervous system macrophage CL0000878
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 45.78
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 5.58%
    PRS 63.76
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 2.46
    rCSI 11.81%
    PRS 42.25
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 4.26%
    PRS 36.43
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 2.41
    rCSI 3.22%
    PRS 45.37
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 2.41
    rCSI 3.57%
    PRS 48.77
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 2.33
    rCSI 3.56%
    PRS 52.84
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.52%
    PRS 47.61
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 13.19%
    PRS 45.94
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.28
    rCSI 1.77%
    PRS 44.25
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.27
    rCSI 4.08%
    PRS 37.52
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 10.67%
    PRS 45.51
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.21
    rCSI 2.03%
    PRS 51.1
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 52.23%
    PRS 28.29
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 6.18%
    PRS 43.89
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 4.99%
    PRS 36
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 3.41%
    PRS 44.79
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 37.07
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 2.26%
    PRS 41.82
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 6.74%
    PRS 40.83
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 1.91%
    PRS 44.83
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 45.81
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 1.72%
    PRS 48.85
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 3.69%
    PRS 37.58
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 35.56
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 48.66%
    PRS 29.18
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 2.08%
    PRS 49.59
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 6.56%
    PRS 32.78
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.95
    rCSI 2.86%
    PRS 46.78
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 1.89
    rCSI 4.94%
    PRS 42.93
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 1.89
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 21.76
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 3.16%
    PRS 28.81
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 3.47%
    PRS 54.01
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 4.63%
    PRS 43.65
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 2.71%
    PRS 44.47
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 40.38
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 55.21
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 1.74
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 47.53
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 48.5
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 1.76%
    PRS 41.19
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 3.92%
    PRS 46.09
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 1.64
    rCSI 2.89%
    PRS 42.32
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 1.47%
    PRS 44.34
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 1.52
    rCSI 3.69%
    PRS 28
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 1.52
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 53.78
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.81%
    PRS 34.8
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 1.49
    rCSI 6.01%
    PRS 42.4
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 3.83%
    PRS 51.26
  • tuft cell of colon CL0009041
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 3.37%
    PRS 61.78
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 1.43
    rCSI 3.68%
    PRS 46.76
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 1.37
    rCSI 6.04%
    PRS 37.64
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 1.37
    rCSI 3.55%
    PRS 49.05
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 31.9%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 45.3%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 58.6%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 27.7%
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 42.0%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 60.1%
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 39.9%
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 35.9%
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 43.0%
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 49.6%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 30.2%
  • S cone cell CL0003050
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 41.7%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 32.7%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 32.3%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 54.4%
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 40.7%
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 23.0%
    PRS 66.6%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 54.0%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 42.6%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 35.0%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 46.0%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 7.3%
    PRS 36.6%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 48.4%
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 38.6%
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 53.0%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 53.8%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 10.3%
    PRS 38.6%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 40.2%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 29.8%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 32.2%
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 43.2%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 51.2%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 39.8%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 58.4%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 40.1%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 34.4%
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 49.1%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 37.6%
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 46.8%
  • tuft cell of colon CL0009041
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 61.8%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 51.3%
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 42.4%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 34.8%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 53.8%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 28.0%
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 44.3%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 42.3%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 46.1%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 41.2%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 48.5%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 47.5%
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 55.2%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 40.4%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 44.5%
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 43.7%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 54.0%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 28.8%
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 21.8%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 42.9%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 46.8%
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 32.8%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 49.6%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 48.7%
    PRS 29.2%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 35.6%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 37.6%
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 48.9%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 45.8%
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 44.8%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 40.8%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 41.8%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 37.1%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 44.8%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 36.0%
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 6.2%
    PRS 43.9%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 52.2%
    PRS 28.3%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 51.1%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 10.7%
    PRS 45.5%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 37.5%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 44.3%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 13.2%
    PRS 45.9%
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 47.6%
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 52.8%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 48.8%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 45.4%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 36.4%
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 11.8%
    PRS 42.3%
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 63.8%
  • central nervous system macrophage CL0000878
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 45.8%
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 41.8%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 43.7%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 37.2%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 46.5%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 58.3%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 38.3%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 50.3%
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 44.6%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 35.6%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 39.6%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 28.8%
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 12.5%
    PRS 41.3%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2) encodes a key mitochondrial enzyme, mtGPD, that is an essential component of the glycerophosphate shuttle. Located on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, this FAD-dependent enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, transferring electrons directly to the electron transport chain. This function links cytosolic glycolysis with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, playing a critical role in cellular energy metabolism, particularly in tissues with high energetic demands. Expression data highlights its significance in a diverse array of cell types, including [lung secretory cell](/details-cell/CL1000272), [melanocyte](/details-cell/CL0000148), and various neuronal subtypes. Clinically, mutations in [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) have been associated with metabolic disorders, including a potential link to type 2 diabetes ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.6147)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) underscores its fundamental role in the metabolism of diverse, high-energy cell types. **Overall**, it shows the highest significance in [lung secretory cell](/details-cell/CL1000272) (CSI: 17.15) and [melanocyte](/details-cell/CL0000148) (CSI: 14.29), suggesting a critical function in supporting the high metabolic and synthetic activities of these cells. The gene's importance extends to the central nervous system, where it is a significant marker in both excitatory neurons such as [L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron](/details-cell/CL4023038) (CSI: 13.50) and inhibitory interneurons like [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017) (CSI: 9.91), indicating its role in maintaining the substantial energetic cost of neuronal signaling and homeostasis. Its expression is also notable in various immune cells, including [alveolar macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000583) (CSI: 7.60) and [neutrophil](/details-cell/CL0000775) (CSI: 5.86), consistent with the high metabolic demands of immune cell function and activation. Furthermore, significant expression in endocrine and epithelial cells, such as [type B pancreatic cell](/details-cell/CL0000169) (CSI: 5.78) and [kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001111) (CSI: 6.01), points to a specialized role in metabolic regulation and ion transport. This broad but specific expression pattern across secretory, neuronal, immune, and endocrine lineages highlights [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) as a vital enzyme for managing cellular energy flux in metabolically dynamic contexts. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The function of [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) is deeply rooted in cellular metabolism, primarily through its role in the mitochondrial inner membrane ([GO:0005743](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005743)). Its primary molecular function is glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity ([GO:0004368](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004368)), a key step in the glycerophosphate shuttle ([GO:0006127](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006127)). This shuttle facilitates the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH, generated during glycolysis, to the mitochondrial electron transport chain, thereby contributing to ATP synthesis. Reactome pathway analysis further clarifies its central role in lipid metabolism ([R-HSA-556833](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-556833)). [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) is involved in glycerophospholipid biosynthesis ([R-HSA-1483206](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1483206)) and triglyceride metabolism ([R-HSA-8979227](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8979227)), as the glycerol-3-phosphate it acts upon is a backbone for the synthesis of these lipids. This dual function positions [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) at the intersection of energy production and lipid biosynthesis. Additionally, the protein has a noted calcium ion binding function ([GO:0005509](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005509)), and a study has identified mutations in this domain in a family with diabetes, suggesting that calcium may regulate its enzymatic activity ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.6147)). ## Research Directions The widespread yet specific expression of [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) in metabolically active cells, combined with its known function and clinical associations, suggests several avenues for future research. ### Testable Hypotheses 1. Given the high significance of [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) in [type B pancreatic cell](/details-cell/CL0000169) and a published link between [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) mutations and diabetes ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.6147)), it is hypothesized that [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) activity is a rate-limiting step in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Reduced function may impair the metabolic signaling cascade that links glucose metabolism to insulin release, thereby contributing to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. 2. The high expression of [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) in diverse neuronal populations, such as [L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron](/details-cell/CL4023038), suggests that the glycerophosphate shuttle is critical for supporting the extreme energetic demands of synaptic activity. It can be hypothesized that age-related decline or genetic insufficiency in [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) function contributes to neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by metabolic deficits. ### Proposed Experiment To test the hypothesis that [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) is a key regulator of insulin secretion (Hypothesis 1), a targeted experiment could be conducted. Using CRISPR-Cas9, [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) could be knocked out or knocked down in a human pancreatic beta-cell line (e.g., EndoC-βH1). These genetically modified cells, along with control cells, would be cultured under low and high glucose conditions. The primary readout would be the quantification of insulin secretion via ELISA to determine if [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) deficiency blunts the glucose response. To confirm the mechanism, cellular bioenergetics could be profiled using a Seahorse XF Analyzer to measure oxygen consumption rates, directly assessing the impact of [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) loss on mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic flux. ### Therapeutic Potential [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) presents an intriguing, albeit challenging, therapeutic target. Systemic inhibition would likely be toxic due to its fundamental role in energy metabolism across many tissues. However, in diseases linked to its reduced function, such as the potential connection to type 2 diabetes ([138430](https://omim.org/entry/138430)), a strategy of **activation** would be more appropriate. The development of small-molecule activators that specifically enhance [GPD2](/details-gene/2820) enzymatic activity could be a novel therapeutic approach. Such a drug could potentially restore metabolic flux and improve insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells, offering a targeted mechanism to address a core defect in the disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3626871269

Symbol: GPDM_HUMAN

Name: mtGPD

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7821823

Title: The sequence of a human mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-encoding cDNA.

PubMed ID: 7821823

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90469-3

PubMed ID: 8549872

Title: Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Cloning of an alternatively spliced human islet-cell cDNA, tissue distribution, physical mapping, and identification of a polymorphic genetic marker.

PubMed ID: 8549872

DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.2.262

PubMed ID: 8682323

Title: Structural organization and mapping of the human mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase-encoding gene and pseudogene.

PubMed ID: 8682323

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00019-4

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 9110174

Title: Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing.

PubMed ID: 9110174

DOI: 10.1101/gr.7.4.353

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 9070847

Title: Mutation in the calcium-binding domain of the mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase gene in a family of diabetic subjects.

PubMed ID: 9070847

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6147

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 727
  • Mass: 80853
  • Checksum: 70D8B4E5CB4F2EFD
  • Sequence:
  • MAFQKAVKGT ILVGGGALAT VLGLSQFAHY RRKQMNLAYV KAADCISEPV NREPPSREAQ 
    LLTLQNTSEF DILVIGGGAT GSGCALDAVT RGLKTALVER DDFSSGTSSR STKLIHGGVR 
    YLQKAIMKLD IEQYRMVKEA LHERANLLEI APHLSAPLPI MLPVYKWWQL PYYWVGIKLY 
    DLVAGSNCLK SSYVLSKSRA LEHFPMLQKD KLVGAIVYYD GQHNDARMNL AIALTAARYG 
    AATANYMEVV SLLKKTDPQT GKVRVSGARC KDVLTGQEFD VRAKCVINAT GPFTDSVRKM 
    DDKDAAAICQ PSAGVHIVMP GYYSPESMGL LDPATSDGRV IFFLPWQKMT IAGTTDTPTD 
    VTHHPIPSEE DINFILNEVR NYLSCDVEVR RGDVLAAWSG IRPLVTDPKS ADTQSISRNH 
    VVDISESGLI TIAGGKWTTY RSMAEDTINA AVKTHNLKAG PSRTVGLFLQ GGKDWSPTLY 
    IRLVQDYGLE SEVAQHLAAT YGDKAFEVAK MASVTGKRWP IVGVRLVSEF PYIEAEVKYG 
    IKEYACTAVD MISRRTRLAF LNVQAAEEAL PRIVELMGRE LNWDDYKKQE QLETARKFLY 
    YEMGYKSRSE QLTDRSEISL LPSDIDRYKK RFHKFDADQK GFITIVDVQR VLESINVQMD 
    ENTLHEILNE VDLNKNGQVE LNEFLQLMSA IQKGRVSGSR LAILMKTAEE NLDRRVPIPV 
    DRSCGGL