Details for: GPD2

Gene ID: 2820

Symbol: GPD2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115159

Description: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 238.2587
    Cell Significance Index: -37.0600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 144.2971
    Cell Significance Index: -36.6000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 80.1169
    Cell Significance Index: -37.8300
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 75.6664
    Cell Significance Index: -30.7400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 32.3019
    Cell Significance Index: -30.8400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 30.2525
    Cell Significance Index: -37.3000
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 15.3706
    Cell Significance Index: -33.6400
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 13.5244
    Cell Significance Index: -36.2300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 9.4601
    Cell Significance Index: -37.3300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 2.2353
    Cell Significance Index: 62.4700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.6231
    Cell Significance Index: 263.9800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 1.1126
    Cell Significance Index: 28.6000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 1.0389
    Cell Significance Index: 58.3000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.9471
    Cell Significance Index: 189.9800
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.8860
    Cell Significance Index: 20.4700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.8521
    Cell Significance Index: 92.6900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.8102
    Cell Significance Index: 290.6000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.7573
    Cell Significance Index: 39.3400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.7347
    Cell Significance Index: 49.4000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.6770
    Cell Significance Index: 40.6500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.6663
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6440
    Cell Significance Index: 127.8100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.6231
    Cell Significance Index: 17.7800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.5381
    Cell Significance Index: 372.2000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 0.5185
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.4677
    Cell Significance Index: 28.7500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.4656
    Cell Significance Index: 17.6300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.4635
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1500
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.4568
    Cell Significance Index: 9.7700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.4559
    Cell Significance Index: 12.4100
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.4162
    Cell Significance Index: 18.4100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.3868
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5500
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3865
    Cell Significance Index: 38.2300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3656
    Cell Significance Index: 10.5400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3624
    Cell Significance Index: 25.0700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.3455
    Cell Significance Index: 26.5100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.3333
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3084
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2836
    Cell Significance Index: 53.9800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.2586
    Cell Significance Index: 46.6300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.2582
    Cell Significance Index: 31.7500
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 0.2374
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.2046
    Cell Significance Index: 92.8600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.1361
    Cell Significance Index: 256.2300
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.1260
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1169
    Cell Significance Index: 63.8400
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.1042
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.0723
    Cell Significance Index: 65.2600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0668
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0542
    Cell Significance Index: 34.4200
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 0.0294
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0289
    Cell Significance Index: 53.2900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0248
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: 37.4400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -27.6600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0378
    Cell Significance Index: -27.7300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0391
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: -31.5700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0468
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4100
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0663
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1017
    Cell Significance Index: -21.4300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1061
    Cell Significance Index: -30.5300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1252
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1268
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1268
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1283
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1382
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: -0.1475
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1579
    Cell Significance Index: -20.2400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1635
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: -0.1690
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1795
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1796
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1914
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.2015
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2454
    Cell Significance Index: -28.0200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2478
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9100
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.2629
    Cell Significance Index: -31.0000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2756
    Cell Significance Index: -28.7000
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.3615
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2500
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.3898
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5100
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.4104
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4211
    Cell Significance Index: -25.8200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.4211
    Cell Significance Index: -29.7800
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.4676
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7300
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.4946
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.5302
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.5419
    Cell Significance Index: -28.4500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.5434
    Cell Significance Index: -27.4600
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland (CL4033005)
    Fold Change: -0.5631
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: -0.5650
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7000
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.6047
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.6820
    Cell Significance Index: -21.7200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Enzymatic Activity**: GPD2 is a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, generating reducing equivalents in the process. 2. **Subcellular Localization**: GPD2 is primarily localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it plays a key role in the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. 3. **Cellular Expression**: GPD2 is expressed in various cell types, including astrocytes, basal epithelial cells, and neurons, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle**: GPD2 is integral to the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which enables the transfer of reducing equivalents between the cytosol and mitochondria. This shuttle is crucial for the production of ATP and NADPH. 2. **Mitochondrial Function**: GPD2 plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial function, as it helps to regulate the mitochondrial inner membrane potential and the production of ATP. 3. **Redox Balance**: GPD2 helps to maintain redox balance by generating reducing equivalents, which are essential for various cellular processes, including energy production and antioxidant defenses. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Metabolic Disorders**: Alterations in GPD2 expression or function have been implicated in various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and lipid metabolic disorders. 2. **Neurological Disorders**: GPD2 has been linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where impaired mitochondrial function and redox balance contribute to disease progression. 3. **Cancer**: GPD2 has been identified as a potential oncogene, as its overexpression has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, GPD2 is a critical gene that plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism, particularly in the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle and mitochondrial function. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various metabolic and neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of this gene in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the functions of GPD2 and its potential therapeutic applications.

Genular Protein ID: 3626871269

Symbol: GPDM_HUMAN

Name: mtGPD

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P43304 A8K4V0 B3KSA9 Q59FR1 Q9HAP9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 11 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 24 Ensembl 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 4 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 4 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 5 Rhea 2 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 3 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7821823

Title: The sequence of a human mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-encoding cDNA.

PubMed ID: 7821823

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90469-3

PubMed ID: 8549872

Title: Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Cloning of an alternatively spliced human islet-cell cDNA, tissue distribution, physical mapping, and identification of a polymorphic genetic marker.

PubMed ID: 8549872

DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.2.262

PubMed ID: 8682323

Title: Structural organization and mapping of the human mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase-encoding gene and pseudogene.

PubMed ID: 8682323

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00019-4

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 9110174

Title: Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing.

PubMed ID: 9110174

DOI: 10.1101/gr.7.4.353

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 9070847

Title: Mutation in the calcium-binding domain of the mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase gene in a family of diabetic subjects.

PubMed ID: 9070847

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6147

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 727
  • Mass: 80853
  • Checksum: 70D8B4E5CB4F2EFD
  • Sequence:
    • MAFQKAVKGT ILVGGGALAT VLGLSQFAHY RRKQMNLAYV KAADCISEPV NREPPSREAQ 
LLTLQNTSEF DILVIGGGAT GSGCALDAVT RGLKTALVER DDFSSGTSSR STKLIHGGVR 
YLQKAIMKLD IEQYRMVKEA LHERANLLEI APHLSAPLPI MLPVYKWWQL PYYWVGIKLY 
DLVAGSNCLK SSYVLSKSRA LEHFPMLQKD KLVGAIVYYD GQHNDARMNL AIALTAARYG 
AATANYMEVV SLLKKTDPQT GKVRVSGARC KDVLTGQEFD VRAKCVINAT GPFTDSVRKM 
DDKDAAAICQ PSAGVHIVMP GYYSPESMGL LDPATSDGRV IFFLPWQKMT IAGTTDTPTD 
VTHHPIPSEE DINFILNEVR NYLSCDVEVR RGDVLAAWSG IRPLVTDPKS ADTQSISRNH 
VVDISESGLI TIAGGKWTTY RSMAEDTINA AVKTHNLKAG PSRTVGLFLQ GGKDWSPTLY 
IRLVQDYGLE SEVAQHLAAT YGDKAFEVAK MASVTGKRWP IVGVRLVSEF PYIEAEVKYG 
IKEYACTAVD MISRRTRLAF LNVQAAEEAL PRIVELMGRE LNWDDYKKQE QLETARKFLY 
YEMGYKSRSE QLTDRSEISL LPSDIDRYKK RFHKFDADQK GFITIVDVQR VLESINVQMD 
ENTLHEILNE VDLNKNGQVE LNEFLQLMSA IQKGRVSGSR LAILMKTAEE NLDRRVPIPV 
DRSCGGL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.