Details for: GSTA4

Gene ID: 2941

Symbol: GSTA4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170899

Description: glutathione S-transferase alpha 4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 291.7801
    Cell Significance Index: -45.3900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 176.5077
    Cell Significance Index: -44.7700
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 107.5379
    Cell Significance Index: -44.3000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 97.0722
    Cell Significance Index: -45.8300
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 87.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -35.3500
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 83.7602
    Cell Significance Index: -43.0900
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 68.4776
    Cell Significance Index: -45.9500
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 37.4182
    Cell Significance Index: -46.1400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 37.1933
    Cell Significance Index: -35.5100
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 16.3540
    Cell Significance Index: -43.8100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 11.7434
    Cell Significance Index: -46.3400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 6.9701
    Cell Significance Index: 186.7700
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 3.5174
    Cell Significance Index: 47.9900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 3.4550
    Cell Significance Index: 90.8500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 2.1456
    Cell Significance Index: 57.2900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.8713
    Cell Significance Index: 375.3900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.7034
    Cell Significance Index: 1538.0700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 1.6731
    Cell Significance Index: 35.0200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 1.5607
    Cell Significance Index: 95.9300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.3668
    Cell Significance Index: 490.2600
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 1.2701
    Cell Significance Index: 30.4600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 1.2513
    Cell Significance Index: 65.7000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.1137
    Cell Significance Index: 181.1300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.9542
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.9397
    Cell Significance Index: 26.2600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.8881
    Cell Significance Index: 30.8600
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.6500
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6050
    Cell Significance Index: 59.8500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.6001
    Cell Significance Index: 82.4100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.5879
    Cell Significance Index: 116.6800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.5458
    Cell Significance Index: 16.0800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.5259
    Cell Significance Index: 363.7000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.5090
    Cell Significance Index: 225.0500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.4945
    Cell Significance Index: 34.9700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.4543
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.3951
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.3902
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.3875
    Cell Significance Index: 49.6700
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.3069
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.3064
    Cell Significance Index: 167.3200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2167
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.2109
    Cell Significance Index: 14.1800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1902
    Cell Significance Index: 36.1900
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.1640
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1315
    Cell Significance Index: 16.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1143
    Cell Significance Index: 19.5100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1103
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.1030
    Cell Significance Index: 77.9900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.1019
    Cell Significance Index: 18.3700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0982
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: 117.3500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0317
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -19.8300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0213
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0289
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0439
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0583
    Cell Significance Index: -32.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0939
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1196
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1223
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1349
    Cell Significance Index: -38.8200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1741
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1796
    Cell Significance Index: -26.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2127
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.2268
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.2448
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0100
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
    Fold Change: -0.2490
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.2626
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.2744
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3849
    Cell Significance Index: -40.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.4170
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.4220
    Cell Significance Index: -33.4200
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.4269
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.4291
    Cell Significance Index: -20.1700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.4306
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1400
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.4728
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7300
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.5187
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0200
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: -0.5234
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.5310
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.5618
    Cell Significance Index: -36.2500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.5754
    Cell Significance Index: -29.8900
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.5919
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9600
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.6132
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5300
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.6235
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4200
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: -0.6422
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: -0.6449
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.6849
    Cell Significance Index: -41.9900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.7501
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.8237
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.8478
    Cell Significance Index: -39.5300
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.8709
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8600
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.8848
    Cell Significance Index: -31.0000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GSTA4 is a dimeric enzyme, composed of two identical subunits, which share a high degree of sequence homology with other GST isoforms. It belongs to the alpha class of GSTs, which are known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to a wide range of electrophiles, including xenobiotics, reactive oxygen species, and endogenous compounds. GSTA4 exhibits a high substrate specificity, primarily targeting small, hydrophobic compounds. **Pathways and Functions:** GSTA4 is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Glutathione conjugation**: GSTA4 catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic compounds, which facilitates their excretion and reduces their toxic effects. 2. **Xenobiotic metabolism**: GSTA4 plays a role in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including environmental pollutants and pharmaceuticals, by conjugating them with glutathione. 3. **Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification**: GSTA4 helps to detoxify ROS by conjugating them with glutathione, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. 4. **Protein modification**: GSTA4 has been implicated in the modification of proteins, including the synthesis of glutathione-conjugated proteins. **Clinical Significance:** GSTA4 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: Altered GSTA4 expression has been observed in various cancers, including lung, breast, and colon cancer, suggesting its potential role in tumor development and progression. 2. **Neurological disorders**: GSTA4 has been linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, where oxidative stress and protein modification play a critical role. 3. **Reproductive health**: GSTA4 has been identified in placental villous trophoblasts, suggesting its potential role in fetal development and reproductive health. 4. **Environmental health**: GSTA4 has been implicated in the metabolism of environmental pollutants, such as pesticides and heavy metals, highlighting its importance in maintaining environmental health. In conclusion, GSTA4 is a multifaceted enzyme that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting against oxidative stress. Its involvement in various cellular processes, including glutathione conjugation, xenobiotic metabolism, and ROS detoxification, positions it as a key player in maintaining health and preventing disease. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of GSTA4.

Genular Protein ID: 111967739

Symbol: GSTA4_HUMAN

Name: Glutathione S-transferase A4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O15217 B2RD15 Q5T7Q8 Q6P4G1 Q9BX18 Q9H414

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 8 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EC 2 EMBL 24 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 Rhea 1 SFLD 2 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9461507

Title: Human glutathione transferase A4-4: an alpha class enzyme with high catalytic efficiency in the conjugation of 4-hydroxynonenal and other genotoxic products of lipid peroxidation.

PubMed ID: 9461507

DOI: 10.1042/bj3300175

PubMed ID: 9480897

Title: Identification of cDNAs encoding two human alpha class glutathione transferases (GSTA3 and GSTA4) and the heterologous expression of GSTA4-4.

PubMed ID: 9480897

DOI: 10.1042/bj3300827

PubMed ID: 9587421

Title: Identification of a novel human glutathione S-transferase using bioinformatics.

PubMed ID: 9587421

DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0608

PubMed ID: 9820822

Title: Genomic organization, 5'-flanking region and chromosomal localization of the human glutathione transferase A4 gene.

PubMed ID: 9820822

DOI: 10.1042/bj3360437

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10329152

Title: Human glutathione transferase A4-4 crystal structures and mutagenesis reveal the basis of high catalytic efficiency with toxic lipid peroxidation products.

PubMed ID: 10329152

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2697

PubMed ID: 20085333

Title: Substrate specificity combined with stereopromiscuity in glutathione transferase A4-4-dependent metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal.

PubMed ID: 20085333

DOI: 10.1021/bi902038u

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 222
  • Mass: 25704
  • Checksum: 1BD98B41E413BB4E
  • Sequence:
    • MAARPKLHYP NGRGRMESVR WVLAAAGVEF DEEFLETKEQ LYKLQDGNHL LFQQVPMVEI 
DGMKLVQTRS ILHYIADKHN LFGKNLKERT LIDMYVEGTL DLLELLIMHP FLKPDDQQKE 
VVNMAQKAII RYFPVFEKIL RGHGQSFLVG NQLSLADVIL LQTILALEEK IPNILSAFPF 
LQEYTVKLSN IPTIKRFLEP GSKKKPPPDE IYVRTVYNIF RP

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.