Details for: HLA G

Gene ID: 3135

Symbol: HLA G

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204632

Description: major histocompatibility complex, class I, G

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 3.53
    Marker Score: 3147
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 845
  • Cell Name: respiratory basal cell (CL0002633)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 1479
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 721
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30408
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 500
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 454
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2411
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5296
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2738
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 318
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 591
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5281
  • Cell Name: exhausted T cell (CL0011025)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 452.5
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 315
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1264
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 4950
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 566.5
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 674
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 454
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 481
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 279
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 173.5
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 2754
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 256
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 439
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 160
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 479
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 236
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 666.5
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 897
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 435
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 118
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 1170
  • Cell Name: pulmonary ionocyte (CL0017000)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 204
  • Cell Name: ionocyte (CL0005006)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive helper T cell (CL0000492)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 358
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 82
  • Cell Name: type I pneumocyte (CL0002062)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 390
  • Cell Name: IgA plasmablast (CL0000984)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 84
  • Cell Name: unswitched memory B cell (CL0000970)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 177
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: IgG plasmablast (CL0000982)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 82
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 1823
  • Cell Name: B-2 B cell (CL0000822)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 339
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 1046
  • Cell Name: malignant cell (CL0001064)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 3444
  • Cell Name: activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human (CL0001043)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 116
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 203
  • Cell Name: decidual natural killer cell, human (CL0002343)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 681
  • Cell Name: promonocyte (CL0000559)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 154
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 580
  • Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 142
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 959
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 192
  • Cell Name: T-helper 17 cell (CL0000899)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 148.5
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 215
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 62
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 97
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 56
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 98
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 87
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 90.5
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 989
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 5078
  • Cell Name: reticular cell (CL0000432)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 72
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 131
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 505
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 61
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 830
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 308
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 47
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 124
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 80
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 57
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 197
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 119
  • Cell Name: naive T cell (CL0000898)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 116
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 152
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 120
  • Cell Name: inflammatory cell (CL0009002)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 519
  • Cell Name: activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000896)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 119
  • Cell Name: large intestine goblet cell (CL1000320)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 43
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine (CL0009022)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 152
  • Cell Name: NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001080)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 35
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 1576
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human (CL0001058)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 41
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 244
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 38
  • Cell Name: tracheal goblet cell (CL1000329)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 428
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 150
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 1732
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 83

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** * It is located on chromosome 3 in humans. * It is a member of the HLA class I family of antigens. * It is expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. * It is responsible for the folding, assembly, and peptide loading of class I MHC molecules. **Pathways and functions:** * **Adaptive immune system:** HLA G molecules are expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells. When an antigen is presented by an MHC molecule, it binds to T cells, triggering an adaptive immune response. * **Antigen presentation:** HLA G molecules are responsible for the presentation of antigens to T cells. This process involves the folding, assembly, and peptide loading of antigens onto MHC molecules. * **Cytokine signaling in immune system:** HLA G molecules are involved in cytokine signaling in the immune system. They interact with cytokines, which are small proteins that regulate immune responses. * **Disease:** Mutations in the HLA G gene can lead to the production of abnormal HLA G molecules that can elicit autoimmune responses. This can result in diseases such as systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. **Clinical significance:** * **Infectious diseases:** HLA G genes are highly expressed in cells of the immune system, making them important for the recognition and response to infections. * **Cancer:** Abnormal HLA G molecules can be expressed on cancer cells, leading to the escape of cancer cells from immune detection and destruction. * **Viral infections:** Viral infections can also be associated with the expression of HLA G molecules, which can facilitate viral entry into host cells.

Genular Protein ID: 3050809269

Symbol: HLAG_HUMAN

Name: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2336406

Title: The mRNA of a human class I gene HLA G/HLA 6.0 exhibits a restricted pattern of expression.

PubMed ID: 2336406

DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.8.2189

PubMed ID: 1570318

Title: Alternative splicing of HLA-G transcripts yields proteins with primary structures resembling both class I and class II antigens.

PubMed ID: 1570318

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.9.3947

PubMed ID: 3480534

Title: A human major histocompatibility complex class I gene that encodes a protein with a shortened cytoplasmic segment.

PubMed ID: 3480534

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.9145

PubMed ID: 10727083

Title: A 356-Kb sequence of the subtelomeric part of the MHC class I region.

PubMed ID: 10727083

DOI: 10.3109/10425179909033955

PubMed ID: 7589701

Title: HLA-G mRNA forms in human trophoblasts and peripheral blood lymphocytes: potential use in prenatal diagnosis.

PubMed ID: 7589701

PubMed ID: 7989753

Title: A soluble form of the HLA-G antigen is encoded by a messenger ribonucleic acid containing intron 4.

PubMed ID: 7989753

PubMed ID: 8183892

Title: An alternatively spliced form of HLA-G mRNA in human trophoblasts and evidence for the presence of HLA-G transcript in adult lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 8183892

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.10.4209

PubMed ID: 7558941

Title: Soluble HLA-G molecule. An alternatively spliced HLA-G mRNA form candidate to encode it in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human trophoblasts.

PubMed ID: 7558941

DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(95)00009-s

PubMed ID: 11137219

Title: Identification of HLA-G7 as a new splice variant of the HLA-G mRNA and expression of soluble HLA-G5, -G6, and -G7 transcripts in human transfected cells.

PubMed ID: 11137219

DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00197-x

PubMed ID: 7584149

Title: The membrane-bound and soluble forms of HLA-G bind identical sets of endogenous peptides but differ with respect to TAP association.

PubMed ID: 7584149

DOI: 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90130-2

PubMed ID: 8805247

Title: Nonclassical HLA-G molecules are classical peptide presenters.

PubMed ID: 8805247

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00481-5

PubMed ID: 9640257

Title: Calreticulin associates with non-HLA-A,-B class I proteins in the human choriocarcinoma cell lines JEG-3 and BeWo.

PubMed ID: 9640257

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00439.x

PubMed ID: 10190900

Title: A human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G-specific receptor expressed on all natural killer cells.

PubMed ID: 10190900

DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.7.1093

PubMed ID: 11520457

Title: The truncated cytoplasmic tail of HLA-G serves a quality-control function in post-ER compartments.

PubMed ID: 11520457

DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00179-0

PubMed ID: 11290782

Title: HLA-G2, -G3, and -G4 isoforms expressed as nonmature cell surface glycoproteins inhibit NK and antigen-specific CTL cytolysis.

PubMed ID: 11290782

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.8.5018

PubMed ID: 12454284

Title: Disulfide bond-mediated dimerization of HLA-G on the cell surface.

PubMed ID: 12454284

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.212643199

PubMed ID: 12582157

Title: An essential function of tapasin in quality control of HLA-G molecules.

PubMed ID: 12582157

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212882200

PubMed ID: 12874224

Title: Complexes of HLA-G protein on the cell surface are important for leukocyte Ig-like receptor-1 function.

PubMed ID: 12874224

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.3.1343

PubMed ID: 12853576

Title: Human inhibitory receptors Ig-like transcript 2 (ILT2) and ILT4 compete with CD8 for MHC class I binding and bind preferentially to HLA-G.

PubMed ID: 12853576

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1431057100

PubMed ID: 16809620

Title: Soluble HLA-G1 inhibits angiogenesis through an apoptotic pathway and by direct binding to CD160 receptor expressed by endothelial cells.

PubMed ID: 16809620

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-12-019919

PubMed ID: 16210391

Title: Progesterone enhances HLA-G gene expression in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells and human cytotrophoblasts in vitro.

PubMed ID: 16210391

DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei305

PubMed ID: 16366734

Title: Activation of NK cells by an endocytosed receptor for soluble HLA-G.

PubMed ID: 16366734

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040009

PubMed ID: 19304799

Title: HLA-G homodimer-induced cytokine secretion through HLA-G receptors on human decidual macrophages and natural killer cells.

PubMed ID: 19304799

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901173106

PubMed ID: 20448110

Title: Differentiation of type 1 T regulatory cells (Tr1) by tolerogenic DC-10 requires the IL-10-dependent ILT4/HLA-G pathway.

PubMed ID: 20448110

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-234872

PubMed ID: 20179272

Title: DNA-PKcs controls an endosomal signaling pathway for a proinflammatory response by natural killer cells.

PubMed ID: 20179272

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000467

PubMed ID: 23184984

Title: Cellular senescence induced by CD158d reprograms natural killer cells to promote vascular remodeling.

PubMed ID: 23184984

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208248109

PubMed ID: 23737137

Title: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) generates soluble HLA-G1 by cell surface proteolytic shedding.

PubMed ID: 23737137

DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1708-5

PubMed ID: 24453251

Title: Binding of HLA-G to ITIM-bearing Ig-like transcript 2 receptor suppresses B cell responses.

PubMed ID: 24453251

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300438

PubMed ID: 26460007

Title: The HLA-G cycle provides for both NK tolerance and immunity at the maternal-fetal interface.

PubMed ID: 26460007

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517724112

PubMed ID: 27859042

Title: HLA-G promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation and suppressive activity during human pregnancy through engagement of the receptor ILT4.

PubMed ID: 27859042

DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646564

PubMed ID: 29262349

Title: Natural Killer Cells Promote Fetal Development through the Secretion of Growth-Promoting Factors.

PubMed ID: 29262349

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.018

PubMed ID: 28348268

Title: Class II-like structural features and strong receptor binding of the nonclassical HLA-G2 isoform homodimer.

PubMed ID: 28348268

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601296

PubMed ID: 37264229

Title: HLA class I signal peptide polymorphism determines the level of CD94/NKG2-HLA-E-mediated regulation of effector cell responses.

PubMed ID: 37264229

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01523-z

PubMed ID: 15718280

Title: Crystal structure of HLA-G: a nonclassical MHC class I molecule expressed at the fetal-maternal interface.

PubMed ID: 15718280

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409676102

PubMed ID: 16455647

Title: Efficient leukocyte Ig-like receptor signaling and crystal structure of disulfide-linked HLA-G dimer.

PubMed ID: 16455647

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512305200

PubMed ID: 17056715

Title: Structural basis for recognition of the nonclassical MHC molecule HLA-G by the leukocyte Ig-like receptor B2 (LILRB2/LIR2/ILT4/CD85d).

PubMed ID: 17056715

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605228103

PubMed ID: 20122941

Title: The structure and stability of the monomorphic HLA-G are influenced by the nature of the bound peptide.

PubMed ID: 20122941

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.01.052

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 338
  • Mass: 38224
  • Checksum: 0678E263BE8962FF
  • Sequence:
  • MVVMAPRTLF LLLSGALTLT ETWAGSHSMR YFSAAVSRPG RGEPRFIAMG YVDDTQFVRF 
    DSDSACPRME PRAPWVEQEG PEYWEEETRN TKAHAQTDRM NLQTLRGYYN QSEASSHTLQ 
    WMIGCDLGSD GRLLRGYEQY AYDGKDYLAL NEDLRSWTAA DTAAQISKRK CEAANVAEQR 
    RAYLEGTCVE WLHRYLENGK EMLQRADPPK THVTHHPVFD YEATLRCWAL GFYPAEIILT 
    WQRDGEDQTQ DVELVETRPA GDGTFQKWAA VVVPSGEEQR YTCHVQHEGL PEPLMLRWKQ 
    SSLPTIPIMG IVAGLVVLAA VVTGAAVAAV LWRKKSSD

Genular Protein ID: 3163617347

Symbol: Q31611_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1570318

Title: Alternative splicing of HLA-G transcripts yields proteins with primary structures resembling both class I and class II antigens.

PubMed ID: 1570318

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.9.3947

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 246
  • Mass: 27680
  • Checksum: C9B1F92620203909
  • Sequence:
  • MVVMAPRTLF LLLSGALTLT ETWAGSHSMR YFSAAVSRPG RGEPRFIAMG YVDDTQFVRF 
    DSDSACPRME PRAPWVEQEG PEYWEEETRN TKAHAQTDRM NLQTLRGYYN QSEANPPKTH 
    VTHHPVFDYE ATLRCWALGF YPAEIILTWQ RDGEDQTQDV ELVETRPAGD GTFQKWAAVV 
    VPSGEEQRYT CHVQHEGLPE PLMLRWKQSS LPTIPIMGIV AGLVVLAAVV TGAAVAAVLW 
    RKKSSD

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.