Details for: HMGB2

Gene ID: 3148

Symbol: HMGB2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164104

Description: high mobility group box 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 161.7196
    Cell Significance Index: -66.6200
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 147.2590
    Cell Significance Index: -59.8300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 144.8096
    Cell Significance Index: -36.7300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 139.1164
    Cell Significance Index: -65.6800
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 128.2696
    Cell Significance Index: -65.9800
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 98.2084
    Cell Significance Index: -65.9000
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 63.5040
    Cell Significance Index: -60.6300
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 36.8789
    Cell Significance Index: -45.4700
  • Cell Name: basophilic erythroblast (CL0000549)
    Fold Change: 26.9430
    Cell Significance Index: 12.2700
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 17.8807
    Cell Significance Index: -47.9000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 16.3860
    Cell Significance Index: -64.6600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 14.4834
    Cell Significance Index: -44.4900
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 9.5430
    Cell Significance Index: 255.2700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 5.2983
    Cell Significance Index: 57.6000
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 5.1469
    Cell Significance Index: 34.1500
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 4.9804
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 4.8546
    Cell Significance Index: 572.5000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 4.4622
    Cell Significance Index: 93.4000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 4.4556
    Cell Significance Index: 154.8300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 3.5524
    Cell Significance Index: 413.9900
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: 3.2677
    Cell Significance Index: 20.8600
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 2.3196
    Cell Significance Index: 18.5200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 2.1353
    Cell Significance Index: 137.7600
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 2.1255
    Cell Significance Index: 55.8900
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 1.6502
    Cell Significance Index: 12.4600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 1.6106
    Cell Significance Index: 206.4700
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 1.3964
    Cell Significance Index: 41.0100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.2461
    Cell Significance Index: 171.1300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.2019
    Cell Significance Index: 656.3600
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 1.0594
    Cell Significance Index: 16.3900
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.9885
    Cell Significance Index: 18.2700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.9123
    Cell Significance Index: 403.3500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.8945
    Cell Significance Index: 42.0400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.6543
    Cell Significance Index: 18.7600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.6540
    Cell Significance Index: 45.2300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.6259
    Cell Significance Index: 35.1200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.5975
    Cell Significance Index: 64.9900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.5701
    Cell Significance Index: 42.4900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.5199
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4977
    Cell Significance Index: 449.4300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4877
    Cell Significance Index: 48.2400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.4667
    Cell Significance Index: 57.3900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.3839
    Cell Significance Index: 27.1500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3800
    Cell Significance Index: 72.3200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.3579
    Cell Significance Index: 18.7900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.3360
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.3241
    Cell Significance Index: 64.3200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2775
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2700
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.2357
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2022
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.1908
    Cell Significance Index: 24.6500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.1833
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.1615
    Cell Significance Index: 29.1100
  • Cell Name: sensory neuron (CL0000101)
    Fold Change: 0.1302
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1236
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3000
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.1234
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0133
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -28.4100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: -0.0300
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7800
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.0316
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0360
    Cell Significance Index: -66.3900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -62.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0435
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0437
    Cell Significance Index: -59.3600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0532
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0810
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0828
    Cell Significance Index: -52.5700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0845
    Cell Significance Index: -47.6400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0944
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.1180
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.1184
    Cell Significance Index: -53.7200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1265
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5900
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1554
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.2185
    Cell Significance Index: -46.0300
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: -0.2528
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2854
    Cell Significance Index: -32.7000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.3600
    Cell Significance Index: -52.3300
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.3883
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9700
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.4493
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9400
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.4698
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.4707
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9300
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.5105
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.5236
    Cell Significance Index: -59.7700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.5864
    Cell Significance Index: -30.4600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.5944
    Cell Significance Index: -47.0800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.6010
    Cell Significance Index: -62.5800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.6391
    Cell Significance Index: -29.8000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.7026
    Cell Significance Index: -53.9200
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: -0.8550
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.9689
    Cell Significance Index: -58.1700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.9834
    Cell Significance Index: -60.2900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.9868
    Cell Significance Index: -66.3500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -1.0317
    Cell Significance Index: -25.7900
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) (CL0000338)
    Fold Change: -1.1209
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** HMGB2 is a member of the high mobility group (HMG) family of proteins, characterized by their ability to bind to DNA and influence chromatin structure. The gene is highly expressed in various cell types, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and stem cells. HMGB2 is a multifunctional protein that can act as a transcription factor, DNA-binding protein, and signaling molecule, making it a key player in numerous cellular processes. **Pathways and Functions:** HMGB2 is involved in various signaling pathways, including: 1. **Apoptosis**: HMGB2 can regulate apoptosis by binding to DNA and influencing chromatin structure, thereby modulating the activity of transcription factors involved in apoptosis. 2. **Innate Immunity**: HMGB2 is released from damaged or dying cells, where it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, triggering the activation of innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. 3. **Adaptive Immunity**: HMGB2 can also influence the adaptive immune response by regulating the activity of T cells and B cells, modulating the production of cytokines and chemokines. 4. **Cell Development**: HMGB2 is involved in the development and differentiation of various cell types, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and stem cells. HMGB2's functions can be broadly categorized into: 1. **Transcriptional Regulation**: HMGB2 can act as a transcription factor, regulating the expression of genes involved in immune responses, cell development, and differentiation. 2. **DNA Binding**: HMGB2 can bind to DNA, influencing chromatin structure and modulating the activity of transcription factors. 3. **Signaling**: HMGB2 can act as a signaling molecule, transmitting signals between cells and influencing the activity of immune cells. **Clinical Significance:** HMGB2's role in immune regulation makes it a potential target for the treatment of various diseases, including: 1. **Autoimmune Disorders**: HMGB2's involvement in the regulation of the adaptive immune response makes it a potential target for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 2. **Infectious Diseases**: HMGB2's role in the innate immune response makes it a potential target for the treatment of infectious diseases, such as sepsis and tuberculosis. 3. **Cancer**: HMGB2's involvement in the regulation of cell development and differentiation makes it a potential target for the treatment of cancer. In conclusion, HMGB2 is a multifaceted gene that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including immune regulation, cell development, and response to environmental stimuli. Its involvement in both the innate and adaptive immune systems makes it a potential target for the treatment of various diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of HMGB2's functions and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 275125773

Symbol: HMGB2_HUMAN

Name: High mobility group protein B2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P26583 B2R4K8 D3DP37 Q5U072

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 2 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 57 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1754403

Title: Sequence of human HMG2 cDNA.

PubMed ID: 1754403

DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.23.6643

PubMed ID: 1551873

Title: Structure of a gene coding for human HMG2 protein.

PubMed ID: 1551873

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50475-6

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1475204

Title: A human HMG2 cDNA with a novel 3'-untranslated region.

PubMed ID: 1475204

DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.23.6413

PubMed ID: 7797075

Title: Activation of the TFIID-TFIIA complex with HMG-2.

PubMed ID: 7797075

DOI: 10.1101/gad.9.11.1354

PubMed ID: 11909973

Title: HMG2 interacts with the nucleosome assembly protein SET and is a target of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protease granzyme A.

PubMed ID: 11909973

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.8.2810-2820.2002

PubMed ID: 12925773

Title: Association of chromatin proteins high mobility group box (HMGB) 1 and HMGB2 with mitotic chromosomes.

PubMed ID: 12925773

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-09-0581

PubMed ID: 18413230

Title: Transient HMGB protein interactions with B-DNA duplexes and complexes.

PubMed ID: 18413230

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.024

PubMed ID: 19811285

Title: High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1.

PubMed ID: 19811285

DOI: 10.1080/08916930902831845

PubMed ID: 19522541

Title: Nucleosome binding properties and Co-remodeling activities of native and in vivo acetylated HMGB-1 and HMGB-2 proteins.

PubMed ID: 19522541

DOI: 10.1021/bi9004304

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 19965638

Title: High-mobility group protein HMGB2 regulates human erythroid differentiation through trans-activation of GFI1B transcription.

PubMed ID: 19965638

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-230094

PubMed ID: 20123072

Title: HMGB proteins: interactions with DNA and chromatin.

PubMed ID: 20123072

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.09.008

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23877675

Title: Antimicrobial activity of high-mobility-group box 2: a new function to a well-known protein.

PubMed ID: 23877675

DOI: 10.1128/aac.00805-13

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 24531895

Title: A systematic nomenclature for the redox states of high mobility group box (HMGB) proteins.

PubMed ID: 24531895

DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00022

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 209
  • Mass: 24034
  • Checksum: 5E65292BC4AD8373
  • Sequence:
    • MGKGDPNKPR GKMSSYAFFV QTCREEHKKK HPDSSVNFAE FSKKCSERWK TMSAKEKSKF 
EDMAKSDKAR YDREMKNYVP PKGDKKGKKK DPNAPKRPPS AFFLFCSEHR PKIKSEHPGL 
SIGDTAKKLG EMWSEQSAKD KQPYEQKAAK LKEKYEKDIA AYRAKGKSEA GKKGPGRPTG 
SKKKNEPEDE EEEEEEEDED EEEEDEDEE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.