Details for: P4HB

Gene ID: 5034

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: P4HB

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185624

Description: prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 95.24
    rCSI 74.92%
    PRS 5.41
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 89.75
    rCSI 74.4%
    PRS 4.27
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 86.42
    rCSI 74.83%
    PRS 5.05
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 83.66
    rCSI 74.26%
    PRS 4.55
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 79.93
    rCSI 83.54%
    PRS 4.83
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 79.75
    rCSI 98.66%
    PRS 3.98
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 76.51
    rCSI 81.3%
    PRS 8.13
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 76.06
    rCSI 53.11%
    PRS 4.79
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 75.19
    rCSI 99.94%
    PRS 4.96
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 73.9
    rCSI 59.75%
    PRS 4.46
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 69.27
    rCSI 66.79%
    PRS 2.4
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 66.47
    rCSI 69.63%
    PRS 4.24
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 66.05
    rCSI 62.41%
    PRS 4.74
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 64.23
    rCSI 74.49%
    PRS 6.82
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 58.78
    rCSI 90.83%
    PRS 4.26
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 58.21
    rCSI 68.36%
    PRS 5.51
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 58.06
    rCSI 83.68%
    PRS 7.37
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 57.55
    rCSI 48.24%
    PRS 5.46
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 56.7
    rCSI 46.07%
    PRS 4.8
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 56.34
    rCSI 82.43%
    PRS 4.8
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 50.55
    rCSI 81.51%
    PRS 7.39
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 50.27
    rCSI 48.39%
    PRS 4.7
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 49.64
    rCSI 72.79%
    PRS 5.97
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 48.94
    rCSI 70.58%
    PRS 6.32
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 48.29
    rCSI 37.43%
    PRS 4.32
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 47.97
    rCSI 43.32%
    PRS 4
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 45.13
    rCSI 66.62%
    PRS 7.19
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 44.35
    rCSI 56.88%
    PRS 5.25
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 44.15
    rCSI 40.54%
    PRS 5.19
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 43.11
    rCSI 58.91%
    PRS 5.02
  • plasma cell CL0000786
    CSI 43.09
    rCSI 56.47%
    PRS 24.46
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 43.05
    rCSI 53.55%
    PRS 4.85
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 42.71
    rCSI 28.39%
    PRS 5.42
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 41.93
    rCSI 41.24%
    PRS 4.97
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 41.67
    rCSI 59.73%
    PRS 6.35
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 38.9
    rCSI 56.97%
    PRS 5.39
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 37.54
    rCSI 39.32%
    PRS 4.86
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 37.37
    rCSI 57.16%
    PRS 7.44
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 37.09
    rCSI 78.95%
    PRS 7.38
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 36.47
    rCSI 45.76%
    PRS 5.77
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 35.93
    rCSI 55.21%
    PRS 6.56
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 35.4
    rCSI 54.9%
    PRS 7.27
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 35.38
    rCSI 56.2%
    PRS 5.92
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 35.08
    rCSI 32.65%
    PRS 4.56
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 35.06
    rCSI 62.75%
    PRS 4.38
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 34.76
    rCSI 35.59%
    PRS 8.62
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 34.73
    rCSI 83.35%
    PRS 8.65
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 34
    rCSI 29.31%
    PRS 7.54
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 33.93
    rCSI 79.63%
    PRS 7.92
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 33.71
    rCSI 57.75%
    PRS 6.08
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 32.45
    rCSI 77.14%
    PRS 6.92
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 31.73
    rCSI 61.71%
    PRS 4.64
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 31
    rCSI 67.68%
    PRS 9.32
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 28.56
    rCSI 26.35%
    PRS 4.59
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 28.46
    rCSI 63%
    PRS 4.26
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 28.29
    rCSI 61.97%
    PRS 6.3
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 27.51
    rCSI 79.24%
    PRS 9.28
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 27.2
    rCSI 76.21%
    PRS 7.15
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 25.62
    rCSI 69.08%
    PRS 5.93
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 25.17
    rCSI 35.92%
    PRS 5.17
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 25.05
    rCSI 44.67%
    PRS 7.88
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 23.94
    rCSI 43.49%
    PRS 6.96
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 23.38
    rCSI 25.06%
    PRS 4.19
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 23.19
    rCSI 43.79%
    PRS 5.66
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 22.92
    rCSI 36.2%
    PRS 4.55
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 20.98
    rCSI 21.74%
    PRS 5.33
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 20.95
    rCSI 83.73%
    PRS 10.12
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 20.34
    rCSI 58.89%
    PRS 5.15
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 20
    rCSI 27.34%
    PRS 5.15
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell CL0000784
    CSI 19.34
    rCSI 19.59%
    PRS 29.56
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 19.05
    rCSI 16.73%
    PRS 5.09
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 18.85
    rCSI 45.03%
    PRS 7.34
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 18.81
    rCSI 22.58%
    PRS 4.54
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 18.37
    rCSI 14.52%
    PRS 3.14
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 18.34
    rCSI 64.34%
    PRS 8.27
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 17.92
    rCSI 21.47%
    PRS 7.9
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 17.7
    rCSI 22.53%
    PRS 5.3
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 16.97
    rCSI 40.27%
    PRS 6.12
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 16.9
    rCSI 11.39%
    PRS 5.52
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 16.83
    rCSI 41.66%
    PRS 4.2
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 16.4
    rCSI 80.84%
    PRS 6.16
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 16.05
    rCSI 69.35%
    PRS 8.86
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 15.92
    rCSI 22.05%
    PRS 6.54
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 15.31
    rCSI 38.88%
    PRS 4.65
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 15.19
    rCSI 18.49%
    PRS 5.75
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 15.05
    rCSI 18.92%
    PRS 6.99
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 14.93
    rCSI 53.01%
    PRS 7.49
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 14.38
    rCSI 10.65%
    PRS 4.27
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 13.94
    rCSI 52.23%
    PRS 3.95
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 13.92
    rCSI 18.61%
    PRS 4.97
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 13.9
    rCSI 55.34%
    PRS 8.13
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 13.83
    rCSI 13.8%
    PRS 3.87
  • naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900
    CSI 13.61
    rCSI 9.56%
    PRS 13.61
  • basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028
    CSI 12.89
    rCSI 68.77%
    PRS 14.43
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 12.83
    rCSI 14.06%
    PRS 5.27
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 12.5
    rCSI 13.04%
    PRS 4.64
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 12.46
    rCSI 54.72%
    PRS 8.89
  • tendon cell CL0000388
    CSI 12.46
    rCSI 32.37%
    PRS 14.1
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 12.29
    rCSI 18.78%
    PRS 5.69
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 12.25
    rCSI 18.71%
    PRS 4.53
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI -16.4
    rCSI -52.4%
    PRS 3.4%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI -6.9
    rCSI -15.4%
    PRS 2.9%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI -6.6
    rCSI -7.8%
    PRS 8.0%
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI -4.3
    rCSI -7.7%
    PRS 6.2%
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI -4.1
    rCSI -10.3%
    PRS 15.2%
  • brain vascular cell CL4023072
    CSI -4.1
    rCSI -42.3%
    PRS 4.3%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI -3.1
    rCSI -13.7%
    PRS 4.6%
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI -2.8
    rCSI -2.3%
    PRS 4.5%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI -2.3
    rCSI -4.1%
    PRS 6.0%
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI -2.1
    rCSI -10.1%
    PRS 2.6%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI -1.8
    rCSI -11.4%
    PRS 3.8%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI -1.7
    rCSI -2.2%
    PRS 6.4%
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI -1.5
    rCSI -2.7%
    PRS 13.7%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI -1.4
    rCSI -4.2%
    PRS 3.2%
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI -1.2
    rCSI -0.9%
    PRS 6.8%
  • exhausted T cell CL0011025
    CSI -1.1
    rCSI -18.2%
    PRS 23.4%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI -0.7
    rCSI -3.8%
    PRS 3.0%
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI -0.6
    rCSI -0.6%
    PRS 6.2%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI -0.4
    rCSI -1.7%
    PRS 2.9%
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI -0.3
    rCSI -0.6%
    PRS 1.6%
  • smooth muscle cell of prostate CL1000487
    CSI -0.3
    rCSI -1.5%
    PRS 25.3%
  • ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.2%
    PRS 20.8%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 2.5%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 7.2%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 4.6%
  • odontoblast CL0000060
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 26.2%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 2.9%
  • tracheobronchial goblet cell CL0019003
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 66.7%
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 10.1%
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 16.2%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 3.5%
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 9.2%
    PRS 17.3%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 6.0%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 7.5%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 8.9%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 14.6%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.4%
    PRS 7.2%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 7.9%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 5.9%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 3.5%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 2.7%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 5.6%
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 7.7%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 4.0%
  • parietal cell CL0000162
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 31.3%
  • cell of skeletal muscle CL0000188
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 30.9%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 3.6%
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 5.2%
  • enteroglial cell CL4040002
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 10.9%
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 13.2%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 3.1%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 5.0%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 4.1%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 4.4%
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 5.4%
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 6.6%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 7.1%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 7.6%
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 12.4%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 3.5%
  • tuft cell of colon CL0009041
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 11.1%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 3.3%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 5.0%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 3.8%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 2.9%
  • decidual natural killer cell, human CL0002343
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 11.4%
    PRS 40.8%
  • alpha-beta T cell CL0000789
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 7.3%
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 7.6%
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 9.9%
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 10.0%
    PRS 20.8%
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 6.8%
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 13.5%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 2.7%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 11.7%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 3.4%
  • follicular dendritic cell CL0000442
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 24.3%
    PRS 30.2%
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 9.9%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 2.7%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 4.3%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 2.5%
  • airway submucosal gland duct basal cell CL4033024
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 11.3%
    PRS 21.4%
  • mesangial cell CL0000650
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 7.5%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 15.7%
    PRS 4.8%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 4.5%
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 22.0%
    PRS 22.7%
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 11.4%
    PRS 17.1%
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 5.7%
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 15.0%
  • cholangiocyte CL1000488
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 12.5%
    PRS 9.3%
  • Merkel cell CL0000242
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 49.0%
    PRS 33.6%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 5.4%
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 12.7%
  • epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 20.1%
    PRS 20.5%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 8.7%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 2.7%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 12.4%
    PRS 7.1%
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 9.9%
  • smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery CL0002591
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 17.1%
    PRS 25.8%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 5.0%
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 24.9%
    PRS 8.4%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) encodes prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta, a multifunctional protein that is a critical component of the prolyl 4-hydroxylase enzyme and is also independently known as protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3034602/); [Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2846539/)). Residing primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum, it functions as a chaperone, catalyzing the formation, breakage, and rearrangement of disulfide bonds, a crucial step in the folding and maturation of a vast array of secretory and membrane-bound proteins. Reflecting this fundamental role in protein quality control, [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) shows significant expression in cells with high secretory capacity, such as [plasmablasts](/details-cell/CL0000980) involved in antibody production, and various epithelial cells including [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082) and [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031). Its broad involvement is further underscored by clinical associations with Cole-Carpenter syndrome ([112240](https://omim.org/entry/112240)) and Bruck syndrome ([176790](https://omim.org/entry/176790)), disorders linked to defective collagen synthesis and bone formation. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) highlights its indispensable role in professional secretory cells and metabolically active tissues. The highest significance scores are observed in cell types defined by extensive protein synthesis and export. This includes immune effector cells like [plasmablasts](/details-cell/CL0000980) (CSI: 95.24), which are responsible for massive immunoglobulin production, and various mucosal barrier cells such as [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082) (CSI: 89.75) and [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031) (CSI: 83.66), which secrete protective mucus proteins. Its high significance in progenitor lineages, including [granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000557) (CSI: 86.42) and [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) (CSI: 73.90), is consistent with the high demand for protein synthesis during cellular differentiation and expansion. Conversely, the gene's low significance in terminally differentiated cells with lower secretory loads defines its specialized function. Expression is notably low in neuronal cell types, such as [cardiac neuron](/details-cell/CL0010022) (CSI: -16.36) and [astrocyte of the cerebral cortex](/details-cell/CL0002605) (CSI: -6.87), as well as in specific lymphoid subsets that are not actively secreting proteins at a high rate, like [CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell](/details-cell/CL0000794) (CSI: -6.55) and [late pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0002048) (CSI: -4.12). This pattern suggests that while [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) is a housekeeping gene, its expression level is finely tuned to the protein folding demand of each cell type, making it a functional marker for high secretory activity. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) are centered on its dual enzymatic activities and its localization within the endoplasmic reticulum. As a molecular chaperone, it is a key player in [Protein folding](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006457) and particularly [Protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0034975), which involves its canonical [Protein disulfide isomerase activity](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003756). This function is critical for cellular responses to protein folding stress, as indicated by its role in [Response to endoplasmic reticulum stress](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0034976). As a subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) is integral to [Peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-l-proline](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0018401), a post-translational modification essential for the stability of collagens. This is reflected in its association with Reactome pathways such as [Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1650814) and [Extracellular matrix organization](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1474244). Furthermore, its involvement in pathways like [Insulin processing](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-264876) and cytokine signaling ([Interleukin-12 signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9020591), [Interleukin-23 signaling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9020933)) aligns with its high expression in metabolically active endocrine cells and immune cells, where it assists in the proper folding of hormones and signaling molecules. ## Research Directions The expression data and functional annotations for [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) suggest it is a lynchpin of cellular secretory function, with potential implications in both physiology and disease. ### Proposed Hypotheses 1. **Impairment of Plasmablast Function:** Given its top-ranking CSI in [plasmablasts](/details-cell/CL0000980) and its role in disulfide bond formation, we hypothesize that selective inhibition of [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) would disproportionately affect the production and secretion of multimeric immunoglobulins (e.g., IgG, IgA), leading to an accumulation of misfolded antibody subunits, induction of severe ER stress, and ultimately apoptosis in these cells. This effect would be less pronounced in precursor B cells, which have lower immunoglobulin secretion rates. 2. **Mucus Barrier Integrity:** The high significance of [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) in multiple types of goblet cells ([intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031), [nasal mucosa goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0002480)) suggests a critical role in mucin biology. We hypothesize that [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) is essential for the proper folding and polymerization of mucin proteins, which are heavily reliant on disulfide bonds for their structure. Dysfunction or underexpression of [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) in these cells could lead to a compromised mucus barrier, representing a potential non-genetic contributor to pathologies like inflammatory bowel disease or chronic rhinosinusitis. ### Key Experimental Approach To test the hypothesis regarding the role of [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) in plasmablast function (Hypothesis 1), an *in vitro* differentiation experiment could be performed. Primary human B cells would be stimulated to differentiate into [plasmablasts](/details-cell/CL0000980). A specific small-molecule inhibitor of PDI activity or an shRNA construct targeting [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) would be introduced at different stages of differentiation. The functional consequences would be assessed by quantifying secreted immunoglobulin levels using ELISA, analyzing intracellular immunoglobulin folding and aggregation via non-reducing SDS-PAGE and western blot, and measuring the induction of ER stress pathway markers (e.g., XBP1 splicing, CHOP expression) and apoptosis (e.g., cleaved caspase-3) by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. ### Therapeutic Potential As a ubiquitously expressed and essential chaperone, systemic inhibition of [P4HB](/details-gene/5034) would likely result in significant toxicity. However, its heightened expression and critical role in highly secretory cancer cells, such as multiple myeloma (a malignancy of [plasmablasts](/details-cell/CL0000980)), make it an attractive therapeutic target. In this context, **inhibition** of its PDI activity could overwhelm the cancer cell's protein-folding capacity, inducing lethal proteotoxic stress. This strategy is under investigation for several cancers. The therapeutic challenge lies in achieving selectivity. Future approaches could involve developing antibody-drug conjugates that deliver a PDI inhibitor specifically to tumor cells expressing a unique surface marker, thereby maximizing efficacy while minimizing on-target, off-tumor toxicity.

Genular Protein ID: 961013342

Symbol: PDIA1_HUMAN

Name: Protein disulfide-isomerase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3034602

Title: Molecular cloning of the beta-subunit of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase. This subunit and protein disulphide isomerase are products of the same gene.

PubMed ID: 3034602

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04803.x

PubMed ID: 3611107

Title: The nucleotide sequence of a human cellular thyroid hormone binding protein present in endoplasmic reticulum.

PubMed ID: 3611107

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60947-0

PubMed ID: 2846539

Title: Characterization of the human gene for a polypeptide that acts both as the beta subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and as protein disulfide isomerase.

PubMed ID: 2846539

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37581-1

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1597478

Title: Promoter of the gene for the multifunctional protein disulfide isomerase polypeptide. Functional significance of the six CCAAT boxes and other promoter elements.

PubMed ID: 1597478

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49940-7

PubMed ID: 9150948

Title: A two-dimensional gel database of human colon carcinoma proteins.

PubMed ID: 9150948

DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150180344

PubMed ID: 12665801

Title: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.

PubMed ID: 12665801

DOI: 10.1038/nbt810

PubMed ID: 2079031

Title: Development of a database of amino acid sequences for human colon carcinoma proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PubMed ID: 2079031

DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150111019

PubMed ID: 1286669

Title: Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison.

PubMed ID: 1286669

DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301201

PubMed ID: 9399589

Title: Functions of characteristic Cys-Gly-His-Cys (CGHC) and Gln-Glu-Asp-Leu (QEDL) motifs of microsomal ER-60 protease.

PubMed ID: 9399589

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021830

PubMed ID: 3342239

Title: Characterization of a cDNA for human glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (protein-disulfide isomerase/oxidoreductase).

PubMed ID: 3342239

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(88)90080-2

PubMed ID: 1699755

Title: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein electroblotting and microsequencing: a direct link between proteins and genes.

PubMed ID: 1699755

DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150110703

PubMed ID: 7753822

Title: Cloning, baculovirus expression, and characterization of a second mouse prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha-subunit isoform: formation of an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer with the protein disulfide-isomerase/beta subunit.

PubMed ID: 7753822

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4427

PubMed ID: 10636893

Title: Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) in FRTL5 cells. pH-dependent thyroglobulin/PDI interactions determine a novel PDI function in the post-endoplasmic reticulum of thyrocytes.

PubMed ID: 10636893

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.3.1920

PubMed ID: 11707400

Title: Manipulation of oxidative protein folding and PDI redox state in mammalian cells.

PubMed ID: 11707400

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.22.6288

PubMed ID: 11181151

Title: The catalytic activity of protein disulfide isomerase is involved in human immunodeficiency virus envelope-mediated membrane fusion after CD4 cell binding.

PubMed ID: 11181151

DOI: 10.1086/318823

PubMed ID: 12485997

Title: Is protein disulfide isomerase a redox-dependent molecular chaperone?

PubMed ID: 12485997

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf685

PubMed ID: 12095988

Title: Role of ubiquilin associated with protein-disulfide isomerase in the endoplasmic reticulum in stress-induced apoptotic cell death.

PubMed ID: 12095988

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203412200

PubMed ID: 12218051

Title: Inhibitors of protein-disulfide isomerase prevent cleavage of disulfide bonds in receptor-bound glycoprotein 120 and prevent HIV-1 entry.

PubMed ID: 12218051

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204547200

PubMed ID: 12218052

Title: Protein-disulfide isomerase-mediated reduction of two disulfide bonds of HIV envelope glycoprotein 120 occurs post-CXCR4 binding and is required for fusion.

PubMed ID: 12218052

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m205467200

PubMed ID: 12643545

Title: Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins.

PubMed ID: 12643545

DOI: 10.1021/pr025562r

PubMed ID: 15158710

Title: Protein disulfide isomerase.

PubMed ID: 15158710

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.02.017

PubMed ID: 14592831

Title: Thiol/disulfide exchange is a prerequisite for CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 envelope-mediated T-cell fusion during viral entry.

PubMed ID: 14592831

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1390

PubMed ID: 15644496

Title: Glycosaminoglycans and protein disulfide isomerase-mediated reduction of HIV Env.

PubMed ID: 15644496

DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.008276

PubMed ID: 16478722

Title: Phospholipid transfer activity of microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein is sufficient for the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins.

PubMed ID: 16478722

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512823200

PubMed ID: 17081065

Title: Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes.

PubMed ID: 17081065

DOI: 10.1021/pr060363j

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21670307

Title: Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomerase regulates the redox environment to enhance T-cell migration and HIV entry.

PubMed ID: 21670307

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1017954108

PubMed ID: 23475612

Title: Loss of both phospholipid and triglyceride transfer activities of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in abetalipoproteinemia.

PubMed ID: 23475612

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m031658

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 26091039

Title: A single kinase generates the majority of the secreted phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 26091039

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028

PubMed ID: 25683117

Title: Cole-Carpenter syndrome is caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in P4HB.

PubMed ID: 25683117

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.027

PubMed ID: 26224785

Title: A novel abetalipoproteinemia missense mutation highlights the importance of N-Terminal beta-barrel in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein function.

PubMed ID: 26224785

DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001106

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 32149426

Title: Phosphorylation switches protein disulfide isomerase activity to maintain proteostasis and attenuate ER stress.

PubMed ID: 32149426

DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103841

PubMed ID: 8580850

Title: Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of the N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain of protein disulfide isomerase.

PubMed ID: 8580850

DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560041216

PubMed ID: 8672469

Title: Structure determination of the N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain of protein disulfide isomerase using multidimensional heteronuclear 13C/15N NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed ID: 8672469

DOI: 10.1021/bi960335m

PubMed ID: 10383197

Title: The structure in solution of the B domain of protein disulfide isomerase.

PubMed ID: 10383197

DOI: 10.1023/a:1008341820489

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 508
  • Mass: 57116
  • Checksum: 906CE6D9900B8FCE
  • Sequence:
  • MLRRALLCLA VAALVRADAP EEEDHVLVLR KSNFAEALAA HKYLLVEFYA PWCGHCKALA 
    PEYAKAAGKL KAEGSEIRLA KVDATEESDL AQQYGVRGYP TIKFFRNGDT ASPKEYTAGR 
    EADDIVNWLK KRTGPAATTL PDGAAAESLV ESSEVAVIGF FKDVESDSAK QFLQAAEAID 
    DIPFGITSNS DVFSKYQLDK DGVVLFKKFD EGRNNFEGEV TKENLLDFIK HNQLPLVIEF 
    TEQTAPKIFG GEIKTHILLF LPKSVSDYDG KLSNFKTAAE SFKGKILFIF IDSDHTDNQR 
    ILEFFGLKKE ECPAVRLITL EEEMTKYKPE SEELTAERIT EFCHRFLEGK IKPHLMSQEL 
    PEDWDKQPVK VLVGKNFEDV AFDEKKNVFV EFYAPWCGHC KQLAPIWDKL GETYKDHENI 
    VIAKMDSTAN EVEAVKVHSF PTLKFFPASA DRTVIDYNGE RTLDGFKKFL ESGGQDGAGD 
    DDDLEDLEEA EEPDMEEDDD QKAVKDEL