Details for: ATRAID

Gene ID: 51374

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: ATRAID

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138085

Description: all-trans retinoic acid induced differentiation factor

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 61.33
    rCSI 53.93%
    PRS 12.9
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 60.2
    rCSI 57.95%
    PRS 18.38
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 54.25
    rCSI 53.36%
    PRS 19.28
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 52.71
    rCSI 55.09%
    PRS 18.58
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 48.72
    rCSI 51.04%
    PRS 18.97
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 46.74
    rCSI 38.75%
    PRS 16.8
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 33.25
    rCSI 32.06%
    PRS 12.72
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 31.1
    rCSI 38.47%
    PRS 15.56
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 30.15
    rCSI 66.74%
    PRS 16.45
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 26.45
    rCSI 20.8%
    PRS 21.44
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 23.96
    rCSI 19.38%
    PRS 17.77
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 22.87
    rCSI 23.96%
    PRS 16.56
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 22.43
    rCSI 19.34%
    PRS 27.94
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 22.42
    rCSI 61.59%
    PRS 29.15
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 20.55
    rCSI 59.49%
    PRS 20.06
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 19.56
    rCSI 16.4%
    PRS 21.2
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 18.38
    rCSI 16.6%
    PRS 15.97
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 18.15
    rCSI 15.71%
    PRS 19.99
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 17.61
    rCSI 34.24%
    PRS 18.16
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 16.46
    rCSI 20.66%
    PRS 23
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 15.02
    rCSI 17.64%
    PRS 20.67
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 13.95
    rCSI 20.11%
    PRS 28.12
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 13.05
    rCSI 60.84%
    PRS 40.01
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 12.27
    rCSI 48.82%
    PRS 30.68
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 12.21
    rCSI 23.31%
    PRS 39.33
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 11.82
    rCSI 9.6%
    PRS 18.76
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 11.78
    rCSI 30.59%
    PRS 22.92
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 11.58
    rCSI 16.61%
    PRS 13.71
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 11.51
    rCSI 66.99%
    PRS 26.47
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 11.01
    rCSI 14.72%
    PRS 23.28
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 11
    rCSI 7.31%
    PRS 21.36
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 10.62
    rCSI 14.52%
    PRS 20.11
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 10.59
    rCSI 13.48%
    PRS 20.64
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 9.66
    rCSI 6.72%
    PRS 21.14
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 9.52
    rCSI 7.62%
    PRS 31.78
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 9.47
    rCSI 15.25%
    PRS 13.6
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 9.4
    rCSI 22.35%
    PRS 26.6
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 9.38
    rCSI 27.03%
    PRS 33.37
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 9.34
    rCSI 21.29%
    PRS 18.35
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 8.9
    rCSI 28.57%
    PRS 25.57
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 8.57
    rCSI 13.18%
    PRS 24.51
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 8.44
    rCSI 45.93%
    PRS 41.72
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 8.42
    rCSI 12.35%
    PRS 23.28
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 8.21
    rCSI 23.1%
    PRS 24.03
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 8.01
    rCSI 11.35%
    PRS 16.49
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 7.86
    rCSI 11.61%
    PRS 27.73
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 7.45
    rCSI 81.6%
    PRS 31.66
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 7.16
    rCSI 7.03%
    PRS 27.81
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 7.08
    rCSI 10.94%
    PRS 16.62
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 7.03
    rCSI 9.35%
    PRS 19.44
  • endothelial cell of artery CL1000413
    CSI 6.92
    rCSI 10.15%
    PRS 66.22
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 6.89
    rCSI 24.16%
    PRS 31.21
  • plasma cell CL0000786
    CSI 6.78
    rCSI 8.88%
    PRS 63.67
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 6.74
    rCSI 12.99%
    PRS 39.6
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 6.53
    rCSI 14.92%
    PRS 17.25
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 6.39
    rCSI 8.88%
    PRS 18.2
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 6.22
    rCSI 4.73%
    PRS 23.42
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 6.18
    rCSI 8.56%
    PRS 25.27
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 6.17
    rCSI 9.74%
    PRS 17.85
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 6.11
    rCSI 6.25%
    PRS 32.85
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 6.02
    rCSI 7.73%
    PRS 20.5
  • peptic cell CL0000155
    CSI 5.99
    rCSI 58.9%
    PRS 47.15
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 5.97
    rCSI 6.23%
    PRS 18.19
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 5.97
    rCSI 44.84%
    PRS 32.27
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 5.94
    rCSI 7.94%
    PRS 33.73
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 5.91
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 17.8
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 5.81
    rCSI 9.24%
    PRS 22.89
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 5.78
    rCSI 13.86%
    PRS 31.67
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 5.69
    rCSI 13.58%
    PRS 27.15
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 5.63
    rCSI 8.73%
    PRS 26.61
  • CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939
    CSI 5.58
    rCSI 3.72%
    PRS 43.77
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 5.54
    rCSI 6.23%
    PRS 28.51
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 5.53
    rCSI 20%
    PRS 30.45
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 5.28
    rCSI 15.59%
    PRS 21.41
  • effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905
    CSI 5.27
    rCSI 7.18%
    PRS 41.72
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 5.22
    rCSI 8.37%
    PRS 49.86
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 5.22
    rCSI 6.03%
    PRS 13.04
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 5.14
    rCSI 6.74%
    PRS 25.26
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 5.14
    rCSI 4.72%
    PRS 20.73
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 5.12
    rCSI 8.86%
    PRS 13.53
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 4.91
    rCSI 8.09%
    PRS 20.97
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 2.89%
    PRS 24.68
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 4.88
    rCSI 10.12%
    PRS 17.69
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 4.83
    rCSI 4.46%
    PRS 18.35
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 4.82
    rCSI 8.23%
    PRS 35.74
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 4.81
    rCSI 52.35%
    PRS 33.76
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 4.77
    rCSI 7.06%
    PRS 20.3
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 4.72
    rCSI 3.53%
    PRS 28.4
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 4.72
    rCSI 24.37%
    PRS 34.47
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 4.66
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 25.25
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 4.62
    rCSI 9.16%
    PRS 48.49
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 4.46
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 15.53
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 4.44
    rCSI 31.31%
    PRS 49.86
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 4.28
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 36.02
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 4.18
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 16.99
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 4.11
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 12.16
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 4.06
    rCSI 27.89%
    PRS 34.3
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 10.63%
    PRS 21.19
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 10.19%
    PRS 21.96
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 3.83
    rCSI 3.17%
    PRS 17.98
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI -4.4
    rCSI -8.0%
    PRS 44.2%
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 50.3%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 26.1%
  • epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 63.7%
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 50.5%
  • pro-T cell CL0000827
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 82.9%
  • Merkel cell CL0000242
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 83.3%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 18.0%
  • epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 54.2%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 20.3%
  • ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 60.9%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 16.4%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 52.8%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 24.0%
  • follicular dendritic cell CL0000442
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 68.1%
  • parietal cell CL0000162
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 69.1%
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 8.8%
    PRS 53.5%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 31.0%
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 18.5%
  • group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 56.0%
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 24.6%
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 36.4%
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 31.6%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 17.9%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 22.2%
  • osteoblast CL0000062
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 13.2%
    PRS 80.2%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 14.7%
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 35.3%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 16.5%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 41.2%
  • CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 56.7%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 17.3%
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 31.2%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 13.4%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 20.6%
  • IgM plasma cell CL0000986
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 67.8%
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 32.9%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 19.4%
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 44.6%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 16.9%
  • basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 59.5%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 32.9%
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 20.0%
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 44.6%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 18.8%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 31.2%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 21.2%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 15.0%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 22.4%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 28.2%
  • CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human CL0001074
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 60.7%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 28.1%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 34.8%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 31.3%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 14.7%
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 28.0%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 31.5%
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 18.0%
    PRS 61.7%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 21.8%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 17.6%
  • myelocyte CL0002193
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 52.6%
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 9.0%
    PRS 61.1%
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 30.0%
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 18.8%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 15.0%
  • professional antigen presenting cell CL0000145
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 57.5%
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 27.4%
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 38.0%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 27.5%
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 25.9%
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 30.5%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 11.2%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 17.4%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 15.2%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 12.8%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 18.8%
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 26.8%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 26.3%
  • stratified epithelial cell CL0000079
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 9.0%
    PRS 58.1%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 10.4%
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 45.8%
  • odontoblast CL0000060
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 33.9%
    PRS 63.8%
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 43.4%
  • intraepithelial lymphocyte CL0002496
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 62.2%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 37.6%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 18.8%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 21.2%
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 15.2%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 27.0%
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 26.3%
  • dendritic cell CL0000451
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 51.5%
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 24.4%
  • endocrine cell CL0000163
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 60.5%
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 28.8%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 13.1%
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 52.8%
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 20.1%
  • regulatory T cell CL0000815
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 48.9%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 35.8%
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 29.2%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374), or All-trans retinoic acid induced differentiation factor, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2. As its name implies, it is functionally involved in [Cell differentiation](/details-cell/GO:0030154) and the [Regulation of gene expression](/details-cell/GO:0010468). **Overall**, it exhibits a high degree of expression specificity in various epithelial and secretory cell types, most notably in [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067), [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006), and endocrine cells of the pancreas such as the [pancreatic D cell](/details-cell/CL0000173). Functionally, [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) is a transmembrane protein with roles in molecular transport, particularly [Xenobiotic transmembrane transport](/details-cell/GO:0006855), and has been specifically implicated in bone metabolism and cell cycle regulation. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) indicates a primary role in specialized epithelial and endocrine tissues. **Overall**, it demonstrates the highest significance in [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) (CSI: 61.33) and [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006) (CSI: 60.20), suggesting a function in mucosal surfaces and secretory processes. This pattern is reinforced by its high significance in other epithelial lineages, including [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563) and [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082). A secondary, highly significant context is within the endocrine pancreas, where [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) is a key marker for [pancreatic D cell](/details-cell/CL0000173) (CSI: 54.25), [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171) (CSI: 48.72), and [type B pancreatic cell](/details-cell/CL0000169) (CSI: 30.15). Its expression in progenitor populations like [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034) and [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) is consistent with its established role in differentiation processes. Conversely, the very low significance of [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) in immune cells such as the [T-helper 1 cell](/details-cell/CL0000545) (CSI: -4.40) suggests its functions are largely specialized outside of the T-cell mediated adaptive immune response, despite moderate expression in [plasmablast](/details-cell/CL0000980). ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functions of [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) are centered around cellular differentiation, transport, and metabolism. Gene Ontology annotations highlight its involvement in [Cell differentiation](/details-cell/GO:0030154) and cell cycle control, as research has shown it can arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S phase ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.049)). A well-defined role for [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) lies in bone biology, where it is implicated in the [Positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation](/details-cell/GO:0045669) and [Positive regulation of bone mineralization](/details-cell/GO:0030501), while also contributing to the [Negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation](/details-cell/GO:0033689). This is supported by evidence that it binds to NELL-1, a protein crucial for osteoblast function ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2011.06.024)). As a transmembrane protein localized to the [Plasma membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005886) and [Lysosomal membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005765), a key molecular function is [Xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity](/details-cell/GO:0042910). This is clinically relevant, as [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) has been identified as part of a transporter complex responsible for the uptake of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, drugs commonly used to treat osteoporosis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.36620)). ## Research Directions The diverse functions and specific expression pattern of [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) suggest several avenues for future investigation. **Testable Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in multiple secretory epithelial tissues (e.g., [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006), [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563)) and its localization to membranous organelles, [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) may play a conserved role in the regulation of protein secretion or vesicle trafficking that is essential for the function of these specialized cells. 2. Based on its established role in transporting bisphosphonates and its high expression in barrier tissues like the lung and intestine, [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) likely functions as a multi-specificity transporter that mediates the cellular influx or efflux of other drugs, environmental toxins, or metabolites, thereby modulating cellular response and tissue homeostasis. 3. The specific high expression of [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) in pancreatic endocrine cells ([pancreatic D cell](/details-cell/CL0000173), [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171)) suggests it may regulate hormone synthesis or secretion, and its dysregulation could contribute to pancreatic islet dysfunction observed in metabolic diseases. **Proposed Experiment:** To test the hypothesis that [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) is a multi-specificity xenobiotic transporter in epithelial barriers, an in-vitro study could be conducted. CRISPR-Cas9 would be used to knock out [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) in a human [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108) line (e.g., Caco-2). Wild-type and knockout cells would be cultured to form polarized monolayers. A panel of fluorescently labeled drugs and common xenobiotics would be applied to either the apical or basolateral side, and transport across the monolayer would be quantified over time. This would determine if [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) is necessary for the transport of specific substrates and clarify its directionality (influx vs. efflux). **Therapeutic Potential:** [ATRAID](/details-gene/51374) represents a compelling therapeutic target, primarily in the context of drug delivery and response. As it facilitates the uptake of bisphosphonates, strategies to **activate** or increase its expression in osteoblasts could potentially enhance the efficacy of osteoporosis treatments. Conversely, if it is found to mediate resistance to chemotherapy by effluxing drugs from cancer cells in epithelial-derived tumors, its **inhibition** could be a valuable adjuvant therapeutic strategy. Its transmembrane nature makes it accessible to small molecule inhibitors or antibody-based therapies, though its expression in multiple healthy tissues would necessitate targeted delivery to minimize off-target effects.

Genular Protein ID: 1523901612

Symbol: ARAID_HUMAN

Name: All-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10948432

Title: Improved PCR-based subtractive hybridization strategy for cloning differentially expressed genes.

PubMed ID: 10948432

DOI: 10.2144/00292st06

PubMed ID: 11042152

Title: Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.

PubMed ID: 11042152

DOI: 10.1101/gr.140200

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15340161

Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.

PubMed ID: 15340161

DOI: 10.1110/ps.04682504

PubMed ID: 17524364

Title: Apoptosis related protein 3, an ATRA-upregulated membrane protein arrests the cell cycle at G1/S phase by decreasing the expression of cyclin D1.

PubMed ID: 17524364

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.049

PubMed ID: 17387583

Title: Identification of the distinct promoters for the two transcripts of apoptosis related protein 3 and their transcriptional regulation by NFAT and NFkappaB.

PubMed ID: 17387583

DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9440-7

PubMed ID: 21723284

Title: NELL-1 binds to APR3 affecting human osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21723284

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.06.024

PubMed ID: 29745899

Title: Identification of a transporter complex responsible for the cytosolic entry of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates.

PubMed ID: 29745899

DOI: 10.7554/elife.36620

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 229
  • Mass: 24747
  • Checksum: CF051C5E886BCFF1
  • Sequence:
  • MAPHDPGSLT TLVPWAAALL LALGVERALA LPEICTQCPG SVQNLSKVAF YCKTTRELML 
    HARCCLNQKG TILGLDLQNC SLEDPGPNFH QAHTTVIIDL QANPLKGDLA NTFRGFTQLQ 
    TLILPQHVNC PGGINAWNTI TSYIDNQICQ GQKNLCNNTG DPEMCPENGS CVPDGPGLLQ 
    CVCADGFHGY KCMRQGSFSL LMFFGILGAT TLSVSILLWA TQRRKAKTS