Details for: PFKM

Gene ID: 5213

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PFKM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152556

Description: phosphofructokinase, muscle

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 12.9
    rCSI 26.49%
    PRS 92.12
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 10.05
    rCSI 15.31%
    PRS 84.98
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 7.93
    rCSI 17.99%
    PRS 87.02
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 7.18
    rCSI 9.21%
    PRS 89.78
  • fast muscle cell CL0000190
    CSI 6.59
    rCSI 25.75%
    PRS 81.5
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 5.38
    rCSI 11.88%
    PRS 76.09
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 5.17
    rCSI 9.13%
    PRS 72.68
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 3.53
    rCSI 4.49%
    PRS 91.73
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 3.28
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 83.27
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 3.15
    rCSI 6.32%
    PRS 80.81
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 4.17%
    PRS 81.08
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 13.37%
    PRS 76.77
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 10.58%
    PRS 71.19
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 2.87
    rCSI 6.43%
    PRS 73.89
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 4.11%
    PRS 82.01
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 8.98%
    PRS 84.48
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 4.43%
    PRS 82.43
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 9.03%
    PRS 85.81
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 88.86
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 79.57
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 7.71%
    PRS 88.42
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.59
    rCSI 3.11%
    PRS 86.53
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 2.02%
    PRS 87.13
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 1.55%
    PRS 89.7
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 2.48%
    PRS 89.61
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.96%
    PRS 84.39
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.19
    rCSI 2.11%
    PRS 83.1
  • ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 7.37%
    PRS 91.64
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 2.93%
    PRS 86.27
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.69%
    PRS 83.51
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 3.72%
    PRS 82.33
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 5.76%
    PRS 83.4
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 71.04
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 73.36
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 79.69
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 4.44%
    PRS 87.82
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 3.13%
    PRS 80.06
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 2.68%
    PRS 88.14
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 3.97%
    PRS 82.14
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 78.31
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.73
    rCSI 4.39%
    PRS 82.26
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 1.72
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 79.27
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.71
    rCSI 2.76%
    PRS 79.5
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 1.64
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 87.38
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.56
    rCSI 2.62%
    PRS 73.21
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 1.56
    rCSI 2.77%
    PRS 58.23
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 3.89%
    PRS 80.51
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 1.87%
    PRS 74.33
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 78.74
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.31
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 74.31
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 1.29
    rCSI 1.57%
    PRS 68.39
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 1.18
    rCSI 6.93%
    PRS 73.7
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 1.02
    rCSI 2.94%
    PRS 86.9
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 0.94
    rCSI 1.28%
    PRS 57.14
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 0.89
    rCSI 2.86%
    PRS 88.02
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.87
    rCSI 2.72%
    PRS 76.65
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.85
    rCSI 2.07%
    PRS 70.97
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 0.81
    rCSI 5.05%
    PRS 80.94
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 73.47
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.78
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 74.65
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 0.74
    rCSI 1.21%
    PRS 57.39
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 4.68%
    PRS 90.26
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 0.32
    rCSI 4.66%
    PRS 90.47

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) encodes the muscle isoform of 6-phosphofructokinase, a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. This enzyme catalyzes the irreversible conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a rate-limiting step in the glycolytic pathway. Consistent with its name, [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) shows the highest significance in [muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000187)s, underscoring its essential role in energy production for muscle contraction. Its expression is also notable in other metabolically active cells, such as those in the retina and erythrocytes. Deficiencies in this gene are causally linked to Glycogen Storage Disease VII, also known as Tarui's disease ([232800](https://omim.org/entry/232800)), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by exercise intolerance and myopathy. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) highlights its central role in cells with high energy demands, particularly those reliant on anaerobic glycolysis. **Overall**, the gene's significance is most pronounced in contractile and neuronal tissues. It is a defining marker for [muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000187) (CSI: 12.90) and [fast muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000190) (CSI: 6.59), reflecting the critical need for rapid ATP generation to fuel muscle function. Beyond muscle, [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) is highly significant in specialized cell types such as the [retina horizontal cell](/details-cell/CL0000745) (CSI: 10.05) and [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740) (CSI: 5.38), suggesting a vital function in meeting the high metabolic requirements of retinal processing and neurotransmission. Its substantial significance in [erythrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000232)s (CSI: 7.93) is consistent with their complete dependence on glycolysis for energy, as they lack mitochondria. The gene also exhibits moderate but significant expression across various neuronal subtypes, including [caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023064) (CSI: 5.17) and [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099) (CSI: 3.15), further emphasizing its importance in the nervous system. The absence of major immune, epithelial, or endothelial cell types from the top of the expression list suggests a specialized function concentrated in tissues with exceptionally high or fluctuating energy needs. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) firmly place it at the core of carbohydrate metabolism. Its primary molecular function is **6-phosphofructokinase activity** ([GO:0003872](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003872)), which involves **ATP binding** ([GO:0005524](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005524)) and binding to its substrate, fructose-6-phosphate ([GO:0070095](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070095)). This activity is integral to the biological process of **glycolysis** ([GO:0006096](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006096)), as detailed in the Reactome pathway for **Glycolysis** ([R-HSA-70171](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-70171)). This central metabolic role supports broader processes like **glucose homeostasis** ([GO:0042593](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042593)) and **muscle cell cellular homeostasis** ([GO:0046716](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046716)). Interestingly, annotations also point to localization in the **nucleus** ([GO:0005634](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005634)) and involvement in the **positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II** ([GO:0045944](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045944)), suggesting potential non-canonical or "moonlighting" functions beyond its classic role in cytosolic metabolism. ## Research Directions While the role of [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) in muscle and erythrocyte glycolysis is well-established, its high significance in specific neuronal populations and its potential nuclear functions present compelling avenues for future research. ### Proposed Hypotheses 1. The exceptionally high CSI score of [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) in [retina horizontal cell](/details-cell/CL0000745)s suggests that this isoform is specifically required to sustain the high, continuous metabolic activity associated with signal processing and neurotransmitter release in the outer plexiform layer of the retina. Dysregulation of [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) in these cells may be a contributing factor to metabolic retinopathies. 2. The dual annotation for cytosolic glycolysis and nuclear localization ([GO:0005634](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005634)) and transcriptional regulation ([GO:0045944](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045944)) indicates that [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) may act as a metabolic sensor in the nucleus, directly linking cellular energy status (e.g., glycolytic flux) to gene expression programs. ### Experimental Approach To test the hypothesis of a nuclear role for [PFKM](/details-gene/5213), a multi-faceted approach could be employed. In a suitable cell model, such as primary human skeletal muscle myotubes, nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions could be isolated and analyzed by Western blot to confirm the nuclear localization of endogenous [PFKM](/details-gene/5213). Subsequently, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) using a [PFKM](/details-gene/5213)-specific antibody could identify genomic regions where the enzyme binds. This experiment, performed under conditions of both high and low glucose availability, would reveal whether [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) binding to chromatin is dynamic and responsive to the cell's metabolic state, potentially linking glycolysis directly to the transcriptional machinery. ### Therapeutic Potential As a therapeutic target, [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) is primarily relevant to loss-of-function disorders. In Tarui's disease ([232800](https://omim.org/entry/232800)), where mutations abolish enzyme activity, therapeutic strategies would involve **activation** or replacement, such as through gene therapy or enzyme replacement therapy, rather than inhibition. While inhibition of glycolysis is a strategy for cancer treatment, targeting the muscle-specific [PFKM](/details-gene/5213) isoform would likely carry a high risk of on-target toxicity, causing myopathy. Therefore, its potential as a therapeutic target for inhibition appears limited, whereas it remains a key focus for developing corrective therapies for its associated monogenic disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3394175688

Symbol: PFKAM_HUMAN

Name: 6-phosphofructokinase type A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P08237 J3KNX3 Q16814 Q16815 Q6ZTT1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 1 CPTAC 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 18 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 4 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 33 Ensembl 8 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 26 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HAMAP 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 MoonProt 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 9 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1833270

Title: Structure of the entire human muscle phosphofructokinase-encoding gene: a two-promoter system.

PubMed ID: 1833270

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90262-a

PubMed ID: 2526045

Title: Cloning and expression of a human muscle phosphofructokinase cDNA.

PubMed ID: 2526045

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90372-7

PubMed ID: 2822475

Title: Cloning of human muscle phosphofructokinase cDNA.

PubMed ID: 2822475

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80519-7

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2140567

Title: Alternative splicing of the transcript encoding the human muscle isoenzyme of phosphofructokinase.

PubMed ID: 2140567

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38803-9

PubMed ID: 2526044

Title: Human 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase gene has an additional intron upstream of start codon.

PubMed ID: 2526044

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90019-x

PubMed ID: 7550225

Title: Mutations in muscle phosphofructokinase gene.

PubMed ID: 7550225

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380060102

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 29775581

Title: p300-mediated lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation regulates glycolysis.

PubMed ID: 29775581

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.011

PubMed ID: 7513946

Title: Identification of three novel mutations in non-Ashkenazi Italian patients with muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 7513946

PubMed ID: 7825568

Title: Functional expression of human mutant phosphofructokinase in yeast: genetic defects in French Canadian and Swiss patients with phosphofructokinase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 7825568

PubMed ID: 8889589

Title: Novel missense mutation (W686C) of the phosphofructokinase-M gene in a Japanese patient with a mild form of glycogenosis VII.

PubMed ID: 8889589

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1996)8:3<273::aid-humu13>3.0.co;2-#

PubMed ID: 22133655

Title: Clinical features and new molecular findings in muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency (GSD type VII).

PubMed ID: 22133655

DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.10.022

PubMed ID: 24427140

Title: First description of phosphofructokinase deficiency in spain: identification of a novel homozygous missense mutation in the PFKM gene.

PubMed ID: 24427140

DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00393

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 780
  • Mass: 85183
  • Checksum: 769A2C01F97D1122
  • Sequence:
    • MTHEEHHAAK TLGIGKAIAV LTSGGDAQGM NAAVRAVVRV GIFTGARVFF VHEGYQGLVD 
GGDHIKEATW ESVSMMLQLG GTVIGSARCK DFREREGRLR AAYNLVKRGI TNLCVIGGDG 
SLTGADTFRS EWSDLLSDLQ KAGKITDEEA TKSSYLNIVG LVGSIDNDFC GTDMTIGTDS 
ALHRIMEIVD AITTTAQSHQ RTFVLEVMGR HCGYLALVTS LSCGADWVFI PECPPDDDWE 
EHLCRRLSET RTRGSRLNII IVAEGAIDKN GKPITSEDIK NLVVKRLGYD TRVTVLGHVQ 
RGGTPSAFDR ILGSRMGVEA VMALLEGTPD TPACVVSLSG NQAVRLPLME CVQVTKDVTK 
AMDEKKFDEA LKLRGRSFMN NWEVYKLLAH VRPPVSKSGS HTVAVMNVGA PAAGMNAAVR 
STVRIGLIQG NRVLVVHDGF EGLAKGQIEE AGWSYVGGWT GQGGSKLGTK RTLPKKSFEQ 
ISANITKFNI QGLVIIGGFE AYTGGLELME GRKQFDELCI PFVVIPATVS NNVPGSDFSV 
GADTALNTIC TTCDRIKQSA AGTKRRVFII ETMGGYCGYL ATMAGLAAGA DAAYIFEEPF 
TIRDLQANVE HLVQKMKTTV KRGLVLRNEK CNENYTTDFI FNLYSEEGKG IFDSRKNVLG 
HMQQGGSPTP FDRNFATKMG AKAMNWMSGK IKESYRNGRI FANTPDSGCV LGMRKRALVF 
QPVAELKDQT DFEHRIPKEQ WWLKLRPILK ILAKYEIDLD TSDHAHLEHI TRKRSGEAAV

Genular Protein ID: 3070405689

Symbol: A0A2R8Y891_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A0A2R8Y891

Database IDs:

ARBA 12 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 18 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 2 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 5 Gene3D 2 GeneTree 1 HAMAP 1 HAMAP-Rule 1 HGNC 1 InterPro 6 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRNR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 1 PeptideAtlas 2 Pfam 2 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 1 RefSeq 4 Rhea 1 SAM 1 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 883
  • Mass: 96908
  • Checksum: 97E1FE04E6C16EE8
  • Sequence:
    • MHKDEFHLKF FMCVIQSRQL VRTPQRTAGE ASTSSMLIPK PPPKTDILKS LDTMDDPDTV 
GSIPVFKTEC AEVEIQVSKR KRAVVKARGD PTVETMKQRE EWIMTHEEHH AAKTLGIGKA 
IAVLTSGGDA QGMNAAVRAV VRVGIFTGAR VFFVHEGYQG LVDGGDHIKE ATWESVSMML 
QLGGTVIGSA RCKDFREREG RLRAAYNLVK RGITNLCVIG GDGSLTGADT FRSEWSDLLS 
DLQKAGKITD EEATKSSYLN IVGLVGSIDN DFCGTDMTIG TDSALHRIME IVDAITTTAQ 
SHQRTFVLEV MGRHCGYLAL VTSLSCGADW VFIPECPPDD DWEEHLCRRL SETRTRGSRL 
NIIIVAEGAI DKNGKPITSE DIKNLVVKRL GYDTRVTVLG HVQRGGTPSA FDRILGSRMG 
VEAVMALLEG TPDTPACVVS LSGNQAVRLP LMECVQVTKD VTKAMDEKKF DEALKLRGRS 
FMNNWEVYKL LAHVRPPVSK SGSHTVAVMN VGAPAAGMNA AVRSTVRIGL IQGNRVLVVH 
DGFEGLAKGQ IEEAGWSYVG GWTGQGGSKL GTKRTLPKKS FEQISANITK FNIQGLVIIG 
GFEAYTGGLE LMEGRKQFDE LCIPFVVIPA TVSNNVPGSD FSVGADTALN TICTTCDRIK 
QSAAGTKRRV FIIETMGGYC GYLATMAGLA AGADAAYIFE EPFTIRDLQA NVEHLVQKMK 
TTVKRGLVLR NEKCNENYTT DFIFNLYSEE GKGIFDSRKN VLGHMQQGGS PTPFDRNFAT 
KMGAKAMNWM SGKIKESYRN GRIFANTPDS GCVLGMRKRA LVFQPVAELK DQTDFEHRIP 
KEQWWLKLRP ILKILAKYEI DLDTSDHAHL EHITRKRSGE AAV