Details for: PGD

Gene ID: 5226

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PGD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142657

Description: phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 34.61
    rCSI 31.77%
    PRS 71.13
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 32.26
    rCSI 37.41%
    PRS 69.76
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 29.92
    rCSI 51.26%
    PRS 71.07
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 29.34
    rCSI 19.5%
    PRS 65.33
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 27.29
    rCSI 51.53%
    PRS 72.68
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 23.45
    rCSI 34.31%
    PRS 66.92
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 23.15
    rCSI 50.55%
    PRS 75.58
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 23.07
    rCSI 20.83%
    PRS 59.06
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 18.59
    rCSI 15.03%
    PRS 63.6
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 15.43
    rCSI 13.7%
    PRS 60.14
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 15.06
    rCSI 11.6%
    PRS 62.68
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 14.03
    rCSI 16.84%
    PRS 60.25
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 13.96
    rCSI 23%
    PRS 67.4
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 13.82
    rCSI 21.35%
    PRS 60.41
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 13.63
    rCSI 18.62%
    PRS 63.87
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 12.37
    rCSI 40.13%
    PRS 62.46
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 11.74
    rCSI 10.17%
    PRS 67.21
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 10.71
    rCSI 15.71%
    PRS 73.84
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 10.37
    rCSI 14.96%
    PRS 71.75
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 9.99
    rCSI 25.36%
    PRS 56.38
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 9.54
    rCSI 13.21%
    PRS 63.22
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 9.17
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 64.96
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI 9.1
    rCSI 19.25%
    PRS 79.69
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 8.76
    rCSI 10.91%
    PRS 73.14
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 8.23
    rCSI 5.72%
    PRS 73.42
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 8.21
    rCSI 13.24%
    PRS 65.83
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 8.15
    rCSI 49.34%
    PRS 80.62
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 8.03
    rCSI 11.77%
    PRS 58.18
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 7.76
    rCSI 6.81%
    PRS 67.75
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 7.48
    rCSI 6.2%
    PRS 61.53
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 7.39
    rCSI 6.88%
    PRS 62.74
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 7.26
    rCSI 7.78%
    PRS 61.7
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 7.1
    rCSI 14.74%
    PRS 59.36
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 6.62
    rCSI 43.45%
    PRS 87.74
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 6.42
    rCSI 14.58%
    PRS 66.08
  • mature NK T cell CL0000814
    CSI 6.33
    rCSI 8.09%
    PRS 82.56
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 6.25
    rCSI 6.14%
    PRS 77.91
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 6.23
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 55.3
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 6.23
    rCSI 15.8%
    PRS 51.64
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 5.87
    rCSI 13.94%
    PRS 65.89
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 5.45
    rCSI 31.22%
    PRS 71.51
  • myelocyte CL0002193
    CSI 5.06
    rCSI 33.21%
    PRS 86.81
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 4.97
    rCSI 4.12%
    PRS 64.43
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 4.96
    rCSI 4.77%
    PRS 62.27
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 3.78%
    PRS 68.94
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 4.77
    rCSI 4.86%
    PRS 74.93
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 4.73
    rCSI 4.37%
    PRS 63.62
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 4.54
    rCSI 6.31%
    PRS 60.7
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 4.51
    rCSI 4.72%
    PRS 60.19
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 3.55%
    PRS 49
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 4.45
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 71.59
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 4.28
    rCSI 6.2%
    PRS 78.19
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 4.17
    rCSI 6.37%
    PRS 77.7
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 4.13
    rCSI 6.62%
    PRS 82.55
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 4.12
    rCSI 9.68%
    PRS 66.82
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 18.21%
    PRS 61.77
  • dendritic cell CL0000451
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 4.96%
    PRS 75.58
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 4.01
    rCSI 3.37%
    PRS 79.18
  • epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252
    CSI 3.98
    rCSI 39.35%
    PRS 79.04
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 3.96
    rCSI 5.19%
    PRS 75.76
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 3.95
    rCSI 19.49%
    PRS 73.24
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 3.92
    rCSI 21.17%
    PRS 74.39
  • basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028
    CSI 3.86
    rCSI 20.62%
    PRS 90.56
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 3.86
    rCSI 5.92%
    PRS 71.31
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.76
    rCSI 3.93%
    PRS 62.54
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 3.74
    rCSI 6.06%
    PRS 58.84
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 3.69
    rCSI 5.26%
    PRS 64.44
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 5.51%
    PRS 66.49
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 6.43%
    PRS 59.03
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 3.63
    rCSI 4.85%
    PRS 62.5
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 5.52%
    PRS 58
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 9.67%
    PRS 69.33
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 3.53
    rCSI 7.92%
    PRS 44.59
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 3.43
    rCSI 5.87%
    PRS 84.59
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 3.42
    rCSI 4.66%
    PRS 54
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 9.94%
    PRS 65.21
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI 3.28
    rCSI 35.63%
    PRS 82.12
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 3.27
    rCSI 3.98%
    PRS 69.7
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 3.26
    rCSI 4.19%
    PRS 59.33
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 3.24
    rCSI 3.12%
    PRS 52.84
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 3.18
    rCSI 6.38%
    PRS 51.22
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 9.09%
    PRS 81.94
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 3.11
    rCSI 5.49%
    PRS 42.98
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 3.11
    rCSI 6.97%
    PRS 79.4
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 75.29
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 3.03
    rCSI 15.21%
    PRS 74.81
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 72.62
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 61.75
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 5.33%
    PRS 75.84
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 6.57%
    PRS 69.98
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 3.12%
    PRS 72.45
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 2.88
    rCSI 5.84%
    PRS 41.54
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 4.54%
    PRS 54.67
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 62.11
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 7.97%
    PRS 73.39
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 2.76
    rCSI 3.47%
    PRS 74.06
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 5.99%
    PRS 66.56
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 5.01%
    PRS 80.31
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 3.29%
    PRS 41.98
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 2.62
    rCSI 6.26%
    PRS 70.69
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 76.9%
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 76.6%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 74.7%
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 74.5%
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 8.8%
    PRS 89.7%
  • lung goblet cell CL1000143
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 82.3%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 88.0%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 48.1%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 79.1%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 44.6%
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 76.6%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 84.6%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 58.6%
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 67.1%
  • smooth muscle cell CL0000192
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 66.4%
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 67.4%
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 71.1%
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 70.8%
  • erythroid lineage cell CL0000764
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 79.5%
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 80.7%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 42.5%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 51.7%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 77.8%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 48.4%
  • stratified epithelial cell CL0000079
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 80.6%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 66.1%
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 75.4%
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 59.9%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 45.9%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 71.2%
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 90.6%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 58.4%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 76.5%
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 74.7%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 73.3%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 45.2%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 42.3%
  • professional antigen presenting cell CL0000145
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 84.3%
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 75.6%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 63.9%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 45.5%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 77.9%
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 80.5%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 62.3%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 65.7%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 81.7%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 63.1%
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 11.3%
    PRS 73.5%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 65.2%
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 48.6%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 74.4%
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 80.1%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 58.6%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 12.2%
    PRS 78.1%
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 49.3%
    PRS 81.5%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 52.3%
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 51.4%
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 65.4%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 64.5%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 50.1%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 72.8%
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 79.4%
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 9.3%
    PRS 83.6%
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 64.5%
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 68.6%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 58.8%
  • respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 11.4%
    PRS 88.4%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 68.0%
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 72.6%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 82.5%
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 83.1%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 62.9%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 43.7%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 68.8%
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 71.0%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 73.3%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 60.6%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 67.8%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 43.9%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 55.5%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 61.2%
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 67.0%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 64.1%
  • neutrophil CL0000775
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 13.0%
    PRS 68.9%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 73.4%
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 75.4%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 49.3%
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 67.5%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 54.7%
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 78.6%
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 10.9%
    PRS 74.4%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 15.0%
    PRS 71.4%
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 70.7%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 42.0%
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 80.3%
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 66.6%
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 74.1%
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 8.0%
    PRS 73.4%
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 62.1%
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 54.7%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PGD](/details-gene/5226), or phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, is the gene encoding a key cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the third step of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This metabolic pathway is crucial for generating NADPH, which is essential for reductive biosynthesis and antioxidant defense, as well as producing precursors for nucleotide synthesis. **Overall**, expression data indicates that [PGD](/details-gene/5226) shows high significance in metabolically active cells, particularly within the myeloid lineage, including [elicited macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) and [promonocyte](/details-cell/CL0000559), and various types of secretory epithelial cells, such as [nasal mucosa goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0002480). Its high expression in progenitor cells like [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) underscores its fundamental role in supporting cellular proliferation and differentiation. Clinically, deficiency in this enzyme is associated with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia ([172200](https://omim.org/entry/172200)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PGD](/details-gene/5226) highlights its importance in two major biological contexts: immune cell metabolism and epithelial cell function. **Overall**, the gene is most significant in cells of the myeloid lineage. It is a top marker for [elicited macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) (CSI: 34.61), [promonocyte](/details-cell/CL0000559) (CSI: 29.92), specialized placental [Hofbauer cell](/details-cell/CL3000001) (CSI: 27.29), and [alveolar macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000583) (CSI: 13.96). This pattern is consistent with the high metabolic demands of macrophages, which rely on the pentose phosphate pathway for NADPH to fuel the respiratory burst and maintain redox homeostasis during phagocytosis and inflammation. A second prominent expression signature is observed in secretory epithelial cells, particularly goblet cells from various tissues, including [nasal mucosa goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0002480) (CSI: 32.26), [tracheal goblet cell](/details-cell/CL1000329) (CSI: 23.15), and [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031) (CSI: 15.43). This suggests a critical role for [PGD](/details-gene/5226) in supporting the high biosynthetic and energetic needs of mucin production and secretion, which are vital for mucosal barrier function. Furthermore, high significance in progenitor populations, such as [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) (CSI: 29.34), [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 23.07), and [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) (CSI: 18.59), points to the essential function of the PPP in providing the building blocks (ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotides) and reductive power (NADPH) required for rapid cell division and lineage commitment. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [PGD](/details-gene/5226) is annotated with [phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity](/details-go/GO:0004616) and [NADP binding](/details-go/GO:0050661), localizing primarily to the [cytosol](/details-go/GO:0005829). Its central role is in the [pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch](/details-go/GO:0009051), a key process in [carbohydrate metabolism](/details-reactome/R-HSA-71387). This is detailed in the Reactome pathway for the [pentose phosphate pathway](/details-reactome/R-HSA-71336). The involvement of [PGD](/details-gene/5226) in pathways related to stress response is notable. It is part of the [cellular response to chemical stress](/details-reactome/R-HSA-9711123) and is regulated by the [Keap1-nfe2l2 pathway](/details-reactome/R-HSA-9755511). NFE2L2 (also known as Nrf2) is a master transcription factor that orchestrates the antioxidant response. The pathway [Nfe2l2 regulates pentose phosphate pathway genes](/details-reactome/R-HSA-9818028) indicates that under conditions of oxidative stress, cells may upregulate [PGD](/details-gene/5226) to boost NADPH production, which is required for the regeneration of the major cellular antioxidant, glutathione. This molecular mechanism directly supports the high expression of [PGD](/details-gene/5226) in macrophages, which generate reactive oxygen species, and in mucosal goblet cells, which form a protective barrier against environmental insults. Initial characterization and sequencing of the gene have been documented in several large-scale genomics and proteomics studies ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00554412), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1285), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04727)). ## Research Directions The widespread yet specific expression pattern of [PGD](/details-gene/5226) in highly active cell types suggests it could be a critical node for controlling cellular function in both health and disease. ### Proposed Hypotheses: 1. **Hypothesis 1:** The high expression of [PGD](/details-gene/5226) in diverse goblet cell populations is essential for maintaining mucosal barrier integrity. Inhibition of [PGD](/details-gene/5226) will impair mucin synthesis and secretion, leading to increased susceptibility to epithelial damage and inflammation. This is likely mediated by a reduction in NADPH-dependent antioxidant capacity and a lack of pentose precursors for O-glycan synthesis on mucin proteins. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** During macrophage activation, the metabolic flux through the pentose phosphate pathway is a key determinant of the inflammatory phenotype. Upregulation of [PGD](/details-gene/5226) is required not only to fuel the NADPH oxidase-dependent respiratory burst but also to support the pro-inflammatory (M1) metabolic state. Consequently, targeting [PGD](/details-gene/5226) could shift activated macrophages towards a more anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. ### Key Experiment: To test Hypothesis 1, one could utilize an *in vitro* air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of primary human bronchial epithelial cells, which differentiates to form a mucociliary epithelium rich in goblet cells. * **Methodology:** Differentiated ALI cultures would be treated with a specific pharmacological inhibitor of PGD (e.g., 6-aminonicotinamide) or transduced with lentiviral shRNA targeting [PGD](/details-gene/5226). * **Readouts:** The impact on goblet cell function would be assessed by quantifying the expression of key mucin genes (e.g., *MUC5AC*, *MUC5B*) via qPCR and protein levels via immunofluorescence. The rate of mucus secretion could be measured using an ELISA-based assay. Cellular redox state would be determined by measuring the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). * **Expected Outcome:** It is hypothesized that [PGD](/details-gene/5226) inhibition will lead to decreased mucin expression, reduced mucus secretion, and an increase in markers of oxidative stress, demonstrating its critical role in airway epithelial barrier function. ### Therapeutic Potential: As a central enzyme in a pathway frequently hijacked by cancer cells to support rapid proliferation and resist oxidative stress, [PGD](/details-gene/5226) is a potential therapeutic target. **Inhibition** of [PGD](/details-gene/5226) could be an effective strategy to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy or radiation by depleting their antioxidant capacity and limiting their supply of nucleotide precursors. However, its crucial role in hematopoietic stem cells and other highly proliferative normal tissues presents a significant risk for on-target toxicity, as suggested by the hemolytic anemia associated with its deficiency ([172200](https://omim.org/entry/172200)). Therefore, successful therapeutic application would likely require tumor-specific drug delivery systems or the development of inhibitors that exploit metabolic differences between normal and malignant cells.

Genular Protein ID: 20646162

Symbol: 6PGD_HUMAN

Name: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8978909

Title: Identification of a cDNA encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from a human heart cDNA library.

PubMed ID: 8978909

DOI: 10.1007/bf00554412

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 483
  • Mass: 53140
  • Checksum: 6CEFC0077D1283E3
  • Sequence:
  • MAQADIALIG LAVMGQNLIL NMNDHGFVVC AFNRTVSKVD DFLANEAKGT KVVGAQSLKE 
    MVSKLKKPRR IILLVKAGQA VDDFIEKLVP LLDTGDIIID GGNSEYRDTT RRCRDLKAKG 
    ILFVGSGVSG GEEGARYGPS LMPGGNKEAW PHIKTIFQGI AAKVGTGEPC CDWVGDEGAG 
    HFVKMVHNGI EYGDMQLICE AYHLMKDVLG MAQDEMAQAF EDWNKTELDS FLIEITANIL 
    KFQDTDGKHL LPKIRDSAGQ KGTGKWTAIS ALEYGVPVTL IGEAVFARCL SSLKDERIQA 
    SKKLKGPQKF QFDGDKKSFL EDIRKALYAS KIISYAQGFM LLRQAATEFG WTLNYGGIAL 
    MWRGGCIIRS VFLGKIKDAF DRNPELQNLL LDDFFKSAVE NCQDSWRRAV STGVQAGIPM 
    PCFTTALSFY DGYRHEMLPA SLIQAQRDYF GAHTYELLAK PGQFIHTNWT GHGGTVSSSS 
    YNA

Genular Protein ID: 2229603535

Symbol: B4E2U0_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 461
  • Mass: 50792
  • Checksum: 05CBAD6DF9B986F9
  • Sequence:
  • MAQADIALIG LAVMGQNLIL NMNDHGFVVC AFNRTVSKVD DFLANEAKGT KVVGAQSLKE 
    MVSKLKKPRR IILLVKAGQA VDDFIEKLRR CRDLKAKGIL FVGSGVSGGE EGARYGPSLM 
    PGGNKEAWPH IKTIFQGIAA KVGTGEPCCD WVGDEGAGHF VKMVHNGIEY GDMQLICEAY 
    HLMKDVLGMA QDEMAQAFED WNKTELDSFL IEITANILKF QDTNGKHLLP KIRDSAGQKG 
    TGKWTAISAL EYGVPVTLIG EAVFARCLSS LKDERIQASK KLKGPQKFQF DGDKKSFLED 
    IRKALYASKI ISYAQGFMLL RQAATEFGWT LNYGGIALMW RGGCIIRSVF LGKIKDAFDR 
    NPELQNLLLD DFFKSAVENC QDSWRRAVST GVQAGIPMPC FTTALSFYDG YRHEMLPASL 
    IQAQRDYFGA HTYELLAKPG QFIHTNWTGH GGTVSSSSYN A