Details for: POLR2D

Gene ID: 5433

Symbol: POLR2D

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000144231

Description: RNA polymerase II subunit D

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 81.7126
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 52.7118
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 36.6007
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2800
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 33.0492
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0000
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 13.3987
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5200
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 5.3157
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 4.3664
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2300
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 4.0665
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4900
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 2.8466
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.9226
    Cell Significance Index: 107.5200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.8751
    Cell Significance Index: 95.1800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.8233
    Cell Significance Index: 743.4000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.7108
    Cell Significance Index: 115.6100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6341
    Cell Significance Index: 125.8400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.6146
    Cell Significance Index: 16.4400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.5938
    Cell Significance Index: 70.0300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.5781
    Cell Significance Index: 15.4900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.5562
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.5133
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4835
    Cell Significance Index: 31.1900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.4698
    Cell Significance Index: 16.3300
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.4164
    Cell Significance Index: 28.8000
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.4020
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3799
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.3727
    Cell Significance Index: 23.4900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3642
    Cell Significance Index: 73.0600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.3609
    Cell Significance Index: 49.5600
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.3552
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2618
    Cell Significance Index: 142.9600
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2522
    Cell Significance Index: 111.5100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2447
    Cell Significance Index: 11.0900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.2228
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2127
    Cell Significance Index: 76.2800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2108
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.2008
    Cell Significance Index: 36.2000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1987
    Cell Significance Index: 19.6600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1918
    Cell Significance Index: 23.5800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.1749
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1633
    Cell Significance Index: 31.0800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.1622
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.1477
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.1429
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6500
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.1206
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.1106
    Cell Significance Index: 14.2900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.1043
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9000
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.1035
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0922
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0805
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0710
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0708
    Cell Significance Index: 9.0700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0694
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0668
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0524
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.0448
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0196
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0257
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6600
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0356
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0357
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: -22.9000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0442
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0577
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0933
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6500
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.1176
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1243
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1390
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1604
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7000
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.1652
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.1675
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1793
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2000
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.1869
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2079
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.2332
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2455
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2554
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2666
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8900
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.2759
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.2905
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.3112
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3483
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9400
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.3639
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.3715
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9100
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.3721
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3809
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.3842
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **RNA Polymerase II Subunit D**: POLR2D is a non-essential component of the RNAP II holoenzyme complex, composed of 12 subunits (RPB1-12). 2. **Transcriptional Regulation**: POLR2D is involved in regulating gene expression, including transcription initiation, elongation, and termination, through interactions with transcription factors and other RNAP II subunits. 3. **Cell Cycle Regulation**: POLR2D is required for proper cell cycle progression, particularly during the G2/M phase, where it regulates the expression of cell cycle-related genes. 4. **Developmental Biology**: POLR2D is essential for embryonic development, particularly in the regulation of anterior Hox genes and the formation of the neural tube. 5. **Viral Replication**: POLR2D has been shown to interact with the HIV-1 Tat protein, influencing viral transcription and replication. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Transcriptional Elongation**: POLR2D is involved in regulating the elongation phase of transcription, including the formation of the elongation complex and the recruitment of 3'-end processing factors. 2. **Cell Cycle Regulation**: POLR2D regulates the expression of cell cycle-related genes, influencing cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. 3. **Developmental Biology**: POLR2D regulates the expression of Hox genes, influencing neural tube formation and patterning. 4. **Viral Replication**: POLR2D interacts with the HIV-1 Tat protein, influencing viral transcription and replication. 5. **DNA Repair**: POLR2D is involved in regulating DNA repair, particularly in the context of transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). **Clinical Significance** 1. **Cancer**: Alterations in POLR2D expression have been linked to various cancers, including breast, lung, and leukemia. 2. **Neurological Disorders**: POLR2D mutations have been associated with neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. 3. **Infectious Diseases**: POLR2D has been implicated in viral infections, including HIV-1 and influenza. 4. **Developmental Abnormalities**: POLR2D mutations have been linked to developmental abnormalities, including neural tube defects and congenital anomalies. In conclusion, POLR2D is a critical component of the RNAP II holoenzyme complex, playing a central role in regulating gene expression, cell cycle progression, and developmental biology. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying POLR2D function.

Genular Protein ID: 3241639706

Symbol: RPB4_HUMAN

Name: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O15514 Q52LT4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 2 DIP 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 5 EMDB 10 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 9 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 13 PDBsum 13 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 41 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9528765

Title: Analysis of the interaction of the novel RNA polymerase II (pol II) subunit hsRPB4 with its partner hsRPB7 and with pol II.

PubMed ID: 9528765

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.4.1935

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9852112

Title: Immunoaffinity purification and functional characterization of human transcription factor IIH and RNA polymerase II from clonal cell lines that conditionally express epitope-tagged subunits of the multiprotein complexes.

PubMed ID: 9852112

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34444

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 16282592

Title: Crystal structure and RNA binding of the Rpb4/Rpb7 subunits of human RNA polymerase II.

PubMed ID: 16282592

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki945

PubMed ID: 27193682

Title: Near-atomic resolution visualization of human transcription promoter opening.

PubMed ID: 27193682

DOI: 10.1038/nature17970

PubMed ID: 30190596

Title: Architecture of Pol II(G) and molecular mechanism of transcription regulation by Gdown1.

PubMed ID: 30190596

DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0118-5

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 142
  • Mass: 16311
  • Checksum: 8A670386C433BE93
  • Sequence:
    • MAAGGSDPRA GDVEEDASQL IFPKEFETAE TLLNSEVHML LEHRKQQNES AEDEQELSEV 
FMKTLNYTAR FSRFKNRETI ASVRSLLLQK KLHKFELACL ANLCPETAEE SKALIPSLEG 
RFEDEELQQI LDDIQTKRSF QY

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.