PSME2 | ENSG00000100911 | NCBI 5721

Details for: PSME2

Gene ID: 5721

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PSME2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100911

Description: proteasome activator subunit 2

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Cytokine signaling in immune system
(R-HSA-1280215)
Gene and protein expression by jak-stat signaling after interleukin-12 stimulation
(R-HSA-8950505)
Immune system
(R-HSA-168256)
Interleukin-12 family signaling
(R-HSA-447115)
Interleukin-12 signaling
(R-HSA-9020591)
Metabolism of proteins
(R-HSA-392499)
Post-translational protein modification
(R-HSA-597592)
Proteasome assembly
(R-HSA-9907900)
Signaling by interleukins
(R-HSA-449147)
Cytoplasm
(GO:0005737)
Cytosol
(GO:0005829)
Endopeptidase activator activity
(GO:0061133)
Extracellular exosome
(GO:0070062)
Identical protein binding
(GO:0042802)
Membrane
(GO:0016020)
Nucleoplasm
(GO:0005654)
Positive regulation of endopeptidase activity
(GO:0010950)
Proteasome activator complex
(GO:0008537)
Proteasome complex
(GO:0000502)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Regulation of g1/s transition of mitotic cell cycle
(GO:2000045)
Regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
(GO:0061136)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 103.49

rCSI 81.41%

PRS 12.96
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 57.94

rCSI 55.77%

PRS 11.31
stem cell CL0000034

CSI 54.69

rCSI 52.73%

PRS 7.37
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 52.16

rCSI 45.16%

PRS 12.18
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 49.31

rCSI 61.88%

PRS 13.93
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 48.82

rCSI 37.62%

PRS 9.9
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 48.79

rCSI 48.69%

PRS 9.39
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 46.72

rCSI 54.88%

PRS 13
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI 45.66

rCSI 73.63%

PRS 17.53
M cell of gut CL0000682

CSI 45

rCSI 47.81%

PRS 19.5
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 44.39

rCSI 64.95%

PRS 11.59
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 40.38

rCSI 33.71%

PRS 32.55
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 37.88

rCSI 43.36%

PRS 22.44
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 37.85

rCSI 33.24%

PRS 12.28
CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939

CSI 37.74

rCSI 25.15%

PRS 28.77
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 35.05

rCSI 23.3%

PRS 13.04
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 34.15

rCSI 27.61%

PRS 10.79
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 33.03

rCSI 34.52%

PRS 11.56
CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938

CSI 31.03

rCSI 23.27%

PRS 31.4
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 30.58

rCSI 36.93%

PRS 12.85
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 28.77

rCSI 26.55%

PRS 11.11
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 28.41

rCSI 25.22%

PRS 10.96
CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397

CSI 28.28

rCSI 37.05%

PRS 15.3
goblet cell CL0000160

CSI 27.91

rCSI 26.37%

PRS 11.43
tracheal goblet cell CL1000329

CSI 27.78

rCSI 60.66%

PRS 22.18
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 25.5

rCSI 23.03%

PRS 9.66
dendritic cell CL0000451

CSI 24.66

rCSI 30.39%

PRS 35.15
plasma cell CL0000786

CSI 24.36

rCSI 31.92%

PRS 48.29
foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179

CSI 23.63

rCSI 50.3%

PRS 17.69
common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051

CSI 23.02

rCSI 30.76%

PRS 20.86
colonocyte CL1000347

CSI 22.91

rCSI 32.84%

PRS 15.04
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 22.46

rCSI 32.38%

PRS 17.65
pancreatic D cell CL0000173

CSI 22.45

rCSI 22.08%

PRS 11.91
non-classical monocyte CL0000875

CSI 22.42

rCSI 35.94%

PRS 34.01
pro-B cell CL0000826

CSI 22.42

rCSI 18.56%

PRS 10.93
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 21.25

rCSI 32.63%

PRS 12.77
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 21.15

rCSI 14.77%

PRS 11.49
classical monocyte CL0000860

CSI 21.13

rCSI 31.32%

PRS 69.53
intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017

CSI 20.43

rCSI 55.08%

PRS 14.12
double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809

CSI 19.66

rCSI 20.03%

PRS 15.58
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 18.92

rCSI 17.37%

PRS 12.53
mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327

CSI 18.54

rCSI 65.03%

PRS 19.83
large pre-B-II cell CL0000957

CSI 17.85

rCSI 50.97%

PRS 18.95
deuterosomal cell CL4033044

CSI 17.35

rCSI 58.64%

PRS 18.56
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 16.9

rCSI 12.7%

PRS 11.32
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 16.65

rCSI 12.6%

PRS 15.13
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 16.54

rCSI 17.33%

PRS 10.19
paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343

CSI 15.96

rCSI 44.72%

PRS 16.99
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 15.5

rCSI 10.77%

PRS 12.78
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 15.33

rCSI 18.96%

PRS 9.62
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 15.08

rCSI 25.83%

PRS 14.66
alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 14.22

rCSI 23.42%

PRS 12.78
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050

CSI 14.19

rCSI 10.79%

PRS 14.31
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 14.04

rCSI 12.2%

PRS 13.5
transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012

CSI 13.92

rCSI 61.11%

PRS 20.47
mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940

CSI 13.68

rCSI 11.05%

PRS 18.91
lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043

CSI 13.57

rCSI 30.46%

PRS 23.05
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 13.47

rCSI 11.85%

PRS 7.94
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 12.99

rCSI 20.08%

PRS 10.27
CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057

CSI 12.77

rCSI 77.26%

PRS 24.62
intraepithelial lymphocyte CL0002496

CSI 12.56

rCSI 34.19%

PRS 45.05
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 12.52

rCSI 9.94%

PRS 19.25
skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 12.46

rCSI 10.74%

PRS 17.85
epithelial cell CL0000066

CSI 12.21

rCSI 18.76%

PRS 15.66
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 12.16

rCSI 8.46%

PRS 15.54
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 12.12

rCSI 12.99%

PRS 10.06
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 11.91

rCSI 18.22%

PRS 17.8
colon goblet cell CL0009039

CSI 11.82

rCSI 28.1%

PRS 16.48
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 11.75

rCSI 9.74%

PRS 10.34
plasmacytoid dendritic cell CL0000784

CSI 11.7

rCSI 11.85%

PRS 56.44
monocyte CL0000576

CSI 11.59

rCSI 20.95%

PRS 29.77
capillary endothelial cell CL0002144

CSI 11.48

rCSI 21.05%

PRS 47.62
CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054

CSI 11.38

rCSI 14.17%

PRS 15.55
Langerhans cell CL0000453

CSI 11.18

rCSI 17.07%

PRS 19.13
pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079

CSI 11.17

rCSI 21.72%

PRS 11.17
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 11.17

rCSI 14.28%

PRS 44.37
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 10.96

rCSI 12.71%

PRS 16.23
gamma-delta T cell CL0000798

CSI 10.83

rCSI 12.72%

PRS 63.91
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 10.76

rCSI 13.81%

PRS 12.63
germinal center B cell CL0000844

CSI 10.75

rCSI 32.06%

PRS 27.44
promyelocyte CL0000836

CSI 10.61

rCSI 15.3%

PRS 15.22
central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904

CSI 10.57

rCSI 6.24%

PRS 15.06
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915

CSI 10.39

rCSI 47.25%

PRS 38.4
precursor B cell CL0000817

CSI 10.32

rCSI 9.04%

PRS 14.53
basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324

CSI 10.03

rCSI 18.96%

PRS 23.8
bronchial goblet cell CL1000312

CSI 9.67

rCSI 38.65%

PRS 24.22
B cell CL0000236

CSI 9.56

rCSI 12.79%

PRS 46.38
hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001

CSI 9.44

rCSI 9.71%

PRS 17.81
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906

CSI 9.43

rCSI 9.27%

PRS 31.41
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 9.37

rCSI 6.31%

PRS 13.11
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900

CSI 9.32

rCSI 6.54%

PRS 29.1
myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057

CSI 9.26

rCSI 52.09%

PRS 34.81
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839

CSI 9.22

rCSI 47.6%

PRS 21.57
natural killer cell CL0000623

CSI 9.15

rCSI 17.73%

PRS 73.31
tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001

CSI 8.99

rCSI 38.86%

PRS 21.07
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 8.88

rCSI 7.21%

PRS 11.59
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 8.85

rCSI 7.42%

PRS 13.11
colon macrophage CL0009038

CSI 8.8

rCSI 40.66%

PRS 23.01
transitional stage B cell CL0000818

CSI 8.76

rCSI 28.66%

PRS 31.13
acinar cell CL0000622

CSI 8.58

rCSI 12.59%

PRS 14.39

lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223

CSI -11.5

rCSI -17.0%

PRS 12.6%
choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706

CSI -9.1

rCSI -14.9%

PRS 8.5%
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI -7.3

rCSI -23.5%

PRS 13.4%
platelet CL0000233

CSI -5.4

rCSI -22.3%

PRS 24.3%
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI -3.8

rCSI -6.1%

PRS 11.9%
brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075

CSI -3.4

rCSI -10.1%

PRS 16.6%
stratified epithelial cell CL0000079

CSI -2.1

rCSI -12.7%

PRS 44.6%
corneal epithelial cell CL0000575

CSI -2.0

rCSI -5.8%

PRS 19.8%
glioblast CL0000030

CSI -1.0

rCSI -1.5%

PRS 9.4%
tuft cell of colon CL0009041

CSI -0.8

rCSI -1.8%

PRS 24.2%
Schwann cell CL0002573

CSI -0.7

rCSI -2.1%

PRS 13.4%
primordial germ cell CL0000670

CSI -0.6

rCSI -3.1%

PRS 59.7%
cord blood hematopoietic stem cell CL2000095

CSI -0.5

rCSI -9.4%

PRS 66.8%
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI -0.3

rCSI -0.5%

PRS 14.5%
acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 19.4%
ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 43.7%
myelocyte CL0002193

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 35.3%
double negative T regulatory cell CL0011024

CSI 0.2

rCSI 4.4%

PRS 59.9%
respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 35.5%
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 18.2%
amacrine cell CL0000561

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 8.7%
kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 8.4%
kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 10.2%
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 10.2%
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 15.4%
exhausted T cell CL0011025

CSI 0.4

rCSI 6.6%

PRS 43.6%
microglial cell CL0000129

CSI 0.5

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 28.6%
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 8.4%
parietal cell CL0000162

CSI 0.5

rCSI 4.4%

PRS 55.9%
odontoblast CL0000060

CSI 0.5

rCSI 11.7%

PRS 49.5%
vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131

CSI 0.6

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 41.1%
OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750

CSI 0.6

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 18.3%
cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI 0.6

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 16.0%
endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139

CSI 0.7

rCSI 3.7%

PRS 20.0%
enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042

CSI 0.7

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 29.6%
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 0.7

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 16.1%
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 0.8

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 19.8%
eosinophil CL0000771

CSI 0.8

rCSI 5.2%

PRS 28.4%
centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029

CSI 0.8

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 18.0%
pluripotent stem cell CL0002248

CSI 0.8

rCSI 24.3%

PRS 25.5%
lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016

CSI 0.9

rCSI 16.6%

PRS 35.6%
renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318

CSI 0.9

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 10.5%
vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285

CSI 0.9

rCSI 7.0%

PRS 44.7%
squamous epithelial cell CL0000076

CSI 0.9

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 13.9%
forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000

CSI 0.9

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 16.1%
midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028

CSI 1.0

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 17.3%
mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021

CSI 1.0

rCSI 26.0%

PRS 51.1%
small intestine goblet cell CL1000495

CSI 1.0

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 14.7%
thymocyte CL0000893

CSI 1.0

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 34.3%
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001043

CSI 1.0

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 57.6%
hepatocyte CL0000182

CSI 1.0

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 10.2%
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 1.1

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 22.8%
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 1.1

rCSI 9.0%

PRS 11.4%
retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748

CSI 1.1

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 8.0%
hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092

CSI 1.2

rCSI 21.6%

PRS 43.5%
basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348

CSI 1.3

rCSI 9.1%

PRS 33.9%
decidual natural killer cell, human CL0002343

CSI 1.3

rCSI 13.4%

PRS 64.7%
B-1 B cell CL0000819

CSI 1.3

rCSI 34.0%

PRS 51.7%
differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059

CSI 1.3

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 9.0%
lung resident memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033039

CSI 1.3

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 30.0%
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 1.4

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 10.8%
enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006

CSI 1.4

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 16.8%
epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296

CSI 1.4

rCSI 35.5%

PRS 35.6%
hepatic stellate cell CL0000632

CSI 1.4

rCSI 5.3%

PRS 9.3%
type B pancreatic cell CL0000169

CSI 1.5

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 10.2%
natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903

CSI 1.5

rCSI 2.9%

PRS 30.1%
podocyte CL0000653

CSI 1.6

rCSI 7.1%

PRS 10.8%
fibroblast of breast CL4006000

CSI 1.6

rCSI 6.8%

PRS 28.7%
pancreatic PP cell CL0002275

CSI 1.7

rCSI 6.6%

PRS 19.2%
kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111

CSI 1.7

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 10.3%
chondrocyte CL0000138

CSI 1.7

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 9.4%
follicular dendritic cell CL0000442

CSI 1.7

rCSI 28.0%

PRS 55.0%
enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071

CSI 1.7

rCSI 9.2%

PRS 20.0%
primitive red blood cell CL0002355

CSI 1.8

rCSI 9.9%

PRS 20.6%
muscle cell CL0000187

CSI 1.9

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 25.8%
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 1.9

rCSI 9.3%

PRS 14.2%
radial glial cell CL0000681

CSI 1.9

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 11.3%
CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human CL0001074

CSI 1.9

rCSI 21.9%

PRS 42.0%
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 1.9

rCSI 13.1%

PRS 21.5%
pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019

CSI 1.9

rCSI 8.9%

PRS 26.4%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811

CSI 1.9

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 26.7%
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 2.0

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 17.6%
Kupffer cell CL0000091

CSI 2.1

rCSI 4.7%

PRS 10.6%
enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504

CSI 2.2

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 12.4%
stromal cell CL0000499

CSI 2.2

rCSI 6.1%

PRS 15.7%
granulocyte CL0000094

CSI 2.2

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 13.8%
collagen secreting cell CL0000667

CSI 2.2

rCSI 12.6%

PRS 41.1%
luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340

CSI 2.3

rCSI 12.3%

PRS 19.8%
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 2.3

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 9.8%
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 2.4

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 12.7%
pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062

CSI 2.4

rCSI 14.0%

PRS 14.8%
syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525

CSI 2.5

rCSI 7.3%

PRS 21.5%
metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042

CSI 2.6

rCSI 27.8%

PRS 43.1%
interneuron CL0000099

CSI 2.6

rCSI 5.3%

PRS 8.1%
lung secretory cell CL1000272

CSI 2.7

rCSI 6.7%

PRS 10.1%
conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432

CSI 2.7

rCSI 4.2%

PRS 11.0%
rod bipolar cell CL0000751

CSI 2.8

rCSI 4.9%

PRS 9.2%
prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059

CSI 2.8

rCSI 68.0%

PRS 38.1%
epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252

CSI 2.9

rCSI 28.4%

PRS 39.6%
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792

CSI 2.9

rCSI 2.9%

PRS 17.2%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

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Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

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Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) (Proteasome Activator Subunit 2), also known as PA28β, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 14q12. It encodes a key component of the PA28 (or 11S) regulator complex, which binds to the 20S proteasome and enhances its proteolytic activity. Functionally, [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) is involved in the [positive regulation of endopeptidase activity](/details-go/GO:0010950) and plays a role in the ubiquitin-independent degradation of proteins. Expression data indicate that [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) is highly significant in metabolically active and rapidly proliferating cells, particularly those of the immune system such as [plasmablasts](/details-cell/CL0000980), progenitor cells, and dendritic cells. Its involvement in cytokine signaling pathways further underscores its importance in immune regulation and protein homeostasis. Association of this gene with human proteasome activators has been described in several publications ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1007/s002510050517), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(95)00492-r)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) highlights its critical role in cell types characterized by high rates of protein synthesis, turnover, and proliferation. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in [plasmablasts](/details-cell/CL0000980) (CSI: 103.49), which are terminally differentiated B cells responsible for secreting large quantities of antibodies. This suggests a vital function in managing the proteostatic stress associated with massive immunoglobulin production. A broader analysis reveals a strong enrichment in various hematopoietic and immune cell populations. High significance is observed in progenitor cells, including [granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells](/details-cell/CL0000557) and [common dendritic progenitors](/details-cell/CL0001029), as well as in mature antigen-presenting cells like [conventional dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0000990). This pattern is consistent with the proteasome's role in generating peptides for antigen presentation on MHC class I molecules, a cornerstone of cellular immunity. High expression is also noted in other proliferative cell types, such as [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells](/details-cell/CL4030006), [stem cells](/details-cell/CL0000034), and [transit amplifying cells of the colon](/details-cell/CL0009011), reinforcing its general importance in cellular growth and metabolism. Conversely, [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) shows low to negligible significance in more quiescent or structurally specialized cell types. These include [vascular associated smooth muscle cells](/details-cell/CL0000359), [platelets](/details-cell/CL0000233), and various neural cells like [Schwann cells](/details-cell/CL0002573). This restricted expression pattern underscores its specialized function in dynamic cellular processes rather than stable tissue maintenance. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) functions as an [endopeptidase activator](/details-go/GO:0061133) by forming the PA28 proteasome activator complex, which enhances the degradation of intracellular proteins. Its molecular activities are integral to the [metabolism of proteins](/details-reactome/R-HSA-392499), specifically the [regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process](/details-go/GO:0061136). The encoded protein is primarily located in the [cytoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005737), [nucleoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005654), and within the [proteasome activator complex](/details-go/GO:0008537) itself. The gene's involvement in the [immune system](/details-reactome/R-HSA-168256) is strongly supported by its association with multiple Reactome pathways related to cytokine signaling. It is implicated in [signaling by interleukins](/details-reactome/R-HSA-449147), particularly [Interleukin-12 signaling](/details-reactome/R-HSA-9020591), a pathway critical for the differentiation and activation of T cells and natural killer cells. This connection is consistent with early research demonstrating that PA28 subunits are inducible by gamma-interferon ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(95)00492-r)), linking [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) activity directly to inflammatory and immune-stimulatory cues. This function is essential for mounting effective immune responses, aligning with its high expression in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. ## Research Directions The high significance of [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) in specific immune and proliferative cells suggests several avenues for future investigation, particularly concerning its role in immunity and disease. ### Proposed Hypotheses: 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Given its exceptionally high CSI in [plasmablasts](/details-cell/CL0000980), [PSME2](/details-gene/5721)-mediated proteasome activation is essential for maintaining proteostasis during the immense secretory load of antibody production. Its functional inhibition in these cells would likely lead to ER stress, activation of the unfolded protein response, and ultimately a significant reduction in antibody secretion. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** The high expression of [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) in [conventional dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0000990) suggests that it critically shapes the repertoire of peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. By altering proteasome cleavage patterns, [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) may enhance the generation of specific tumor or viral neoantigens, thereby promoting more effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. ### Key Experimental Approach: To test the second hypothesis regarding antigen presentation, a definitive experiment could be performed. A human dendritic cell line (e.g., MUTZ-3) could be engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out [PSME2](/details-gene/5721). Both wild-type and knockout cells would then be loaded with a model antigen, such as ovalbumin, or infected with a well-characterized virus. Subsequently, MHC class I-peptide complexes would be immuno-precipitated from the cell surface and the bound peptides eluted. The peptidomes from both conditions would be analyzed and compared using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify differences in the presented peptide repertoire. A significant shift in the length, sequence, or abundance of presented peptides in knockout cells would confirm the role of [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) in shaping the immunopeptidome. ### Therapeutic Potential: As an intracellular component of the fundamental proteasome machinery, [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) presents a challenging therapeutic target due to the high risk of off-target toxicity. However, its role in modulating immune responses opens possibilities for targeted immunomodulatory strategies. Inhibition of [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) could be explored as a strategy in autoimmune diseases to reduce the presentation of self-antigens. Conversely, pharmacological activation or targeted delivery of [PSME2](/details-gene/5721) activators to tumor cells could represent a novel approach in cancer immunotherapy, aiming to enhance the presentation of tumor-specific neoantigens and improve their recognition by the immune system. The development of highly specific small-molecule modulators would be a prerequisite for any such therapeutic application.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Proteasome activator complex subunit 2

Genular Protein ID: 2385010592

Symbol: PSME2_HUMAN

Name: Proteasome activator complex subunit 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9UL46 Q15129

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10199920

Title: Organization of the genes encoding the human proteasome activators PA28alpha and beta.

PubMed ID: 10199920

DOI: 10.1007/s002510050517

PubMed ID: 7789512

Title: Primary structures of two homologous subunits of PA28, a gamma-interferon-inducible protein activator of the 20S proteasome.

PubMed ID: 7789512

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00492-r

PubMed ID: 12508121

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14.

PubMed ID: 12508121

DOI: 10.1038/nature01348

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17323924

Title: Mass spectrometric characterization of the affinity-purified human 26S proteasome complex.

PubMed ID: 17323924

DOI: 10.1021/bi061994u

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

Sequence Information:

Length: 239
Mass: 27402
Checksum: 98A30D83B3F93A91
Sequence:

MAKPCGVRLS GEARKQVEVF RQNLFQEAEE FLYRFLPQKI IYLNQLLQED SLNVADLTSL 
RAPLDIPIPD PPPKDDEMET DKQEKKEVHK CGFLPGNEKV LSLLALVKPE VWTLKEKCIL 
VITWIQHLIP KIEDGNDFGV AIQEKVLERV NAVKTKVEAF QTTISKYFSE RGDAVAKASK 
ETHVMDYRAL VHERDEAAYG ELRAMVLDLR AFYAELYHII SSNLEKIVNP KGEEKPSMY

Details for: PSME2

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

Organization of the genes encoding the human proteasome activators PA28alpha and beta. PubMed ID: 10199920

Primary structures of two homologous subunits of PA28, a gamma-interferon-inducible protein activator of the 20S proteasome. PubMed ID: 7789512

The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. PubMed ID: 12508121

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Mass spectrometric characterization of the affinity-purified human 26S proteasome complex. PubMed ID: 17323924

Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. PubMed ID: 20068231

Initial characterization of the human central proteome. PubMed ID: 21269460

N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB. PubMed ID: 22814378

Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 23186163

An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 24275569

N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. PubMed ID: 25944712