Details for: PVALB

Gene ID: 5816

Symbol: PVALB

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100362

Description: parvalbumin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 63.5185
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8800
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 17.7450
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3100
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 16.1455
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 8.0214
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8900
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 7.4470
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1100
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct cell (CL1001225)
    Fold Change: 7.1498
    Cell Significance Index: 24.5500
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 6.6980
    Cell Significance Index: 351.6700
  • Cell Name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell (CL0000075)
    Fold Change: 5.8423
    Cell Significance Index: 22.3700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.6401
    Cell Significance Index: 85.2000
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 1.4117
    Cell Significance Index: 13.0000
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 1.3536
    Cell Significance Index: 15.7400
  • Cell Name: parasol ganglion cell of retina (CL4023189)
    Fold Change: 1.3534
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3400
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 1.2507
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3500
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.9857
    Cell Significance Index: 11.7500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.6831
    Cell Significance Index: 123.1400
  • Cell Name: urothelial cell (CL0000731)
    Fold Change: 0.6754
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7100
  • Cell Name: OFF-bipolar cell (CL0000750)
    Fold Change: 0.5018
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4200
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.3853
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1800
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: 0.3729
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.2794
    Cell Significance Index: 17.6100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.2371
    Cell Significance Index: 18.7800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.2367
    Cell Significance Index: 29.1000
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 0.1969
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.1421
    Cell Significance Index: 104.1700
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.1338
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6600
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.1038
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8000
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: 0.0879
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1100
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: 0.0761
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9600
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.0713
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0400
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 0.0594
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7200
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0284
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0229
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5900
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0273
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0435
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0582
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2300
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -0.0605
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0671
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0708
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0715
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0725
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0747
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: -0.0912
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0946
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0993
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3400
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1035
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1600
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.1039
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2200
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.1055
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.1154
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1173
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1279
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1328
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1429
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8900
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1501
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1613
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0500
  • Cell Name: chandelier cell (CL4023083)
    Fold Change: -0.1635
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1696
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3600
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: -0.1738
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1775
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3400
  • Cell Name: CD141-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002394)
    Fold Change: -0.1831
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1833
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: -0.1846
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: -0.1846
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: -0.1856
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0500
  • Cell Name: respiratory basal cell (CL0002633)
    Fold Change: -0.1921
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1943
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1100
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1951
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2200
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2043
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5000
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.2081
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2132
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4300
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.2177
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030067)
    Fold Change: -0.2234
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2248
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4800
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.2312
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2336
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8900
  • Cell Name: H1 horizontal cell (CL0004217)
    Fold Change: -0.2443
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: -0.2495
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.2503
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4800
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: -0.2562
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.2575
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Calcium-binding protein**: Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein that regulates calcium homeostasis in various cells, including neurons, muscle cells, and immune cells. 2. **Neuronal-specific expression**: Parvalbumin is predominantly expressed in glycinergic neurons, GABAergic amacrine cells, and OFF retinal ganglion cells, indicating its critical role in neuronal signaling and function. 3. **Muscle function**: Parvalbumin is also expressed in muscle cells, where it regulates calcium homeostasis and muscle contraction. 4. **Immune system involvement**: Parvalbumin is expressed in granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells, suggesting its potential role in immune system regulation and function. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission**: Parvalbumin is involved in regulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, particularly in glycinergic and GABAergic neurons. 2. **Calcium homeostasis**: Parvalbumin plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in various cells, including neurons, muscle cells, and immune cells. 3. **Gene expression regulation**: Parvalbumin is involved in regulating gene expression, particularly through its interaction with the transcription factor MECP2. 4. **Immune system regulation**: Parvalbumin may play a role in regulating immune system function, particularly in granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Neurological disorders**: Alterations in parvalbumin expression have been linked to various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder. 2. **Immune system disorders**: Parvalbumin may also play a role in immune system disorders, such as autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency disorders. 3. **Cancer**: Parvalbumin has been implicated in cancer development and progression, particularly in muscle and immune cells. 4. **Personalized medicine**: Understanding the role of parvalbumin in disease pathology may lead to the development of targeted therapies and personalized treatment approaches. In conclusion, parvalbumin is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in regulating calcium homeostasis, neuronal signaling, muscle function, and immune system regulation. Its unique expression pattern and involvement in various physiological processes highlight its significance in both immunological and neurological contexts. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the role of parvalbumin in disease pathology and to develop targeted therapies for various disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 3402413500

Symbol: PRVA_HUMAN

Name: Parvalbumin alpha

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P20472 B2R4H7 P78378 Q4VB78 Q5R3Q9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 9 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 16 Ensembl 4 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2614829

Title: Parvalbumin genes from human and rat are identical in intron/exon organization and contain highly homologous regulatory elements and coding sequences.

PubMed ID: 2614829

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90119-8

PubMed ID: 8354278

Title: Human alpha and beta parvalbumins. Structure and tissue-specific expression.

PubMed ID: 8354278

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18084.x

PubMed ID: 15461802

Title: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome.

PubMed ID: 15461802

DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 10591208

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22.

PubMed ID: 10591208

DOI: 10.1038/990031

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10036163

Title: Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: analysis of the Ca2+-binding properties of human recombinant alpha-parvalbumin and nine mutant proteins.

PubMed ID: 10036163

DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.3015

PubMed ID: 15122922

Title: Paramagnetism-based refinement strategy for the solution structure of human alpha-parvalbumin.

PubMed ID: 15122922

DOI: 10.1021/bi035879k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 110
  • Mass: 12059
  • Checksum: 03ABDD22E24AEA11
  • Sequence:
    • MSMTDLLNAE DIKKAVGAFS ATDSFDHKKF FQMVGLKKKS ADDVKKVFHM LDKDKSGFIE 
EDELGFILKG FSPDARDLSA KETKMLMAAG DKDGDGKIGV DEFSTLVAES

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.