Details for: PYGM

Gene ID: 5837

Symbol: PYGM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000068976

Description: glycogen phosphorylase, muscle associated

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 29.9591
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 17.9780
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 8.5783
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0500
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 8.5045
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 5.4719
    Cell Significance Index: 88.2900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 3.7958
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6800
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 3.7644
    Cell Significance Index: 91.8500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 1.4537
    Cell Significance Index: 89.1300
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.2853
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6200
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: 1.2442
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 1.1860
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6800
  • Cell Name: secondary lymphoid organ macrophage (CL0000867)
    Fold Change: 0.8514
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2500
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.7834
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.4874
    Cell Significance Index: 92.7600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 0.4512
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.3329
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2990
    Cell Significance Index: 29.5800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2356
    Cell Significance Index: 212.6900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.2000
    Cell Significance Index: 12.0100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.1933
    Cell Significance Index: 21.0200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.1628
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1612
    Cell Significance Index: 26.2100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.1531
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4100
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: 0.1411
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1121
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2300
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.1100
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1046
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0958
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0923
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.0881
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0815
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4500
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: 0.0771
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0746
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0743
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0695
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6500
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.0694
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0674
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0558
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0425
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0046
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7500
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0153
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0211
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0227
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0237
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3500
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0328
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0344
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0425
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0490
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0536
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.0559
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0630
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0654
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0658
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0677
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1600
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.0698
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.0725
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0745
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.0750
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0753
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.0753
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0764
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0799
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.0821
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0824
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2000
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0826
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0846
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: -0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Location:** The PYGM gene is located on chromosome 1q21-q22 in humans. 2. **Protein Structure:** The encoded protein consists of a catalytic domain and a regulatory domain, which work together to facilitate the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate. 3. **Expression:** The PYGM gene is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain types of neurons, including GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex. 4. **Function:** The PYGM enzyme catalyzes the first step in glycogen breakdown, converting glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate, which can then be converted into glucose-6-phosphate and released into the bloodstream. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Glycogen Breakdown (Glycogenolysis):** The PYGM enzyme is a key player in glycogenolysis, the process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose-1-phosphate. 2. **Glycogen Metabolic Process:** The PYGM enzyme is also involved in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, including glycogen synthesis and degradation. 3. **Carbohydrate Metabolism:** The PYGM enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels, particularly during periods of low energy availability. 4. **Cell Signaling:** The PYGM enzyme is involved in cell signaling pathways, including the regulation of glucose uptake and utilization in muscles. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Glycogen Storage Diseases:** Mutations in the PYGM gene have been associated with glycogen storage diseases, a group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in muscles and other tissues. 2. **Hypoglycemia:** The PYGM enzyme plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels, and mutations in the gene can lead to hypoglycemia, a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels. 3. **Muscle Weakness:** The PYGM enzyme is essential for glycogen breakdown in muscles, and mutations in the gene can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue. 4. **Neurological Disorders:** The PYGM enzyme is also expressed in certain types of neurons, and mutations in the gene have been associated with neurological disorders, including epilepsy and cognitive impairment. In conclusion, the PYGM gene plays a critical role in regulating glycogen metabolism, and mutations in the gene can lead to a range of clinical disorders, including glycogen storage diseases, hypoglycemia, and muscle weakness. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which the PYGM enzyme regulates glycogen metabolism and to develop effective treatments for related disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 477427037

Symbol: PYGM_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3447177

Title: Intron/exon structure of the human gene for the muscle isozyme of glycogen phosphorylase.

PubMed ID: 3447177

DOI: 10.1002/prot.340020303

PubMed ID: 9633816

Title: Molecular diagnosis of McArdle disease: revised genomic structure of the myophosphorylase gene and identification of a novel mutation.

PubMed ID: 9633816

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1998)12:1<27::aid-humu4>3.0.co;2-#

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3840433

Title: Comparative sequence analysis of rat, rabbit, and human muscle glycogen phosphorylase cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 3840433

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09193.x

PubMed ID: 3466902

Title: Molecular mechanisms of McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency). RNA and DNA analysis.

PubMed ID: 3466902

DOI: 10.1172/jci112794

PubMed ID: 1150650

Title: Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase. Role of the peptide region surrounding the phosphoserine residue in determining enzyme properties.

PubMed ID: 1150650

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41265-9

PubMed ID: 16523484

Title: The crystal structure of human muscle glycogen phosphorylase a with bound glucose and AMP: an intermediate conformation with T-state and R-state features.

PubMed ID: 16523484

DOI: 10.1002/prot.20939

PubMed ID: 8316268

Title: Molecular genetic heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease).

PubMed ID: 8316268

DOI: 10.1056/nejm199307223290404

PubMed ID: 8535454

Title: Two novel missense mutations (E654K, L396P) in Caucasian patients with myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease).

PubMed ID: 8535454

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380060318

PubMed ID: 7603523

Title: The molecular genetic basis of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease).

PubMed ID: 7603523

DOI: 10.1002/mus.880181407

PubMed ID: 9506549

Title: Mutation analysis in myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease).

PubMed ID: 9506549

DOI: 10.1002/ana.410430310

PubMed ID: 10417800

Title: A new mutation in the regulatory domain of the myophosphorylase gene affecting protein dimer contact.

PubMed ID: 10417800

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199908)22:8<1136::aid-mus21>3.0.co;2-2

PubMed ID: 10382911

Title: A new mutation in the myophosphorylase gene (Asn684Tyr) in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease.

PubMed ID: 10382911

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(98)00125-4

PubMed ID: 10382912

Title: McArdle's disease associated with homozygosity for the missense mutation Gly204Ser of the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient.

PubMed ID: 10382912

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(98)00127-8

PubMed ID: 10681080

Title: A novel missense mutation (W797R) in the myophosphorylase gene in Spanish patients with McArdle disease.

PubMed ID: 10681080

DOI: 10.1001/archneur.57.2.217

PubMed ID: 10590419

Title: A missense mutation W797R in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease.

PubMed ID: 10590419

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(200001)23:1<129::aid-mus20>3.0.co;2-f

PubMed ID: 10714589

Title: A missense mutation T487N in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease.

PubMed ID: 10714589

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(99)00082-6

PubMed ID: 10899452

Title: A homozygous missense mutation (A659D) in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease.

PubMed ID: 10899452

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(99)00124-8

PubMed ID: 11706962

Title: Molecular heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease): a genotype-phenotype correlation study.

PubMed ID: 11706962

DOI: 10.1002/ana.1225.abs

PubMed ID: 12031624

Title: Two new mutations in the myophosphorylase gene in Italian patients with McArdle's disease.

PubMed ID: 12031624

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(01)00320-0

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 842
  • Mass: 97092
  • Checksum: EBDB7D80D740B68F
  • Sequence:
  • MSRPLSDQEK RKQISVRGLA GVENVTELKK NFNRHLHFTL VKDRNVATPR DYYFALAHTV 
    RDHLVGRWIR TQQHYYEKDP KRIYYLSLEF YMGRTLQNTM VNLALENACD EATYQLGLDM 
    EELEEIEEDA GLGNGGLGRL AACFLDSMAT LGLAAYGYGI RYEFGIFNQK ISGGWQMEEA 
    DDWLRYGNPW EKARPEFTLP VHFYGHVEHT SQGAKWVDTQ VVLAMPYDTP VPGYRNNVVN 
    TMRLWSAKAP NDFNLKDFNV GGYIQAVLDR NLAENISRVL YPNDNFFEGK ELRLKQEYFV 
    VAATLQDIIR RFKSSKFGCR DPVRTNFDAF PDKVAIQLND THPSLAIPEL MRILVDLERM 
    DWDKAWDVTV RTCAYTNHTV LPEALERWPV HLLETLLPRH LQIIYEINQR FLNRVAAAFP 
    GDVDRLRRMS LVEEGAVKRI NMAHLCIAGS HAVNGVARIH SEILKKTIFK DFYELEPHKF 
    QNKTNGITPR RWLVLCNPGL AEVIAERIGE DFISDLDQLR KLLSFVDDEA FIRDVAKVKQ 
    ENKLKFAAYL EREYKVHINP NSLFDIQVKR IHEYKRQLLN CLHVITLYNR IKREPNKFFV 
    PRTVMIGGKA APGYHMAKMI IRLVTAIGDV VNHDPAVGDR LRVIFLENYR VSLAEKVIPA 
    ADLSEQISTA GTEASGTGNM KFMLNGALTI GTMDGANVEM AEEAGEENFF IFGMRVEDVD 
    KLDQRGYNAQ EYYDRIPELR QVIEQLSSGF FSPKQPDLFK DIVNMLMHHD RFKVFADYED 
    YIKCQEKVSA LYKNPREWTR MVIRNIATSG KFSSDRTIAQ YAREIWGVEP SRQRLPAPDE 
    AI

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.