Details for: RPS16

Gene ID: 6217

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: RPS16

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105193

Description: ribosomal protein S16

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 153.38
    rCSI 90.58%
    PRS 1.2
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 144.76
    rCSI 96.22%
    PRS 1.02
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 133.6
    rCSI 90.01%
    PRS 1.04
  • naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900
    CSI 132.74
    rCSI 93.23%
    PRS 2.63
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 129.34
    rCSI 89.92%
    PRS 1.01
  • CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939
    CSI 127.92
    rCSI 85.25%
    PRS 2.44
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 126.6
    rCSI 90.88%
    PRS 1.17
  • CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938
    CSI 121.87
    rCSI 91.39%
    PRS 2.6
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 119.62
    rCSI 88.88%
    PRS 1.28
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 119.57
    rCSI 89.48%
    PRS 1.41
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 118.27
    rCSI 88.29%
    PRS 1.46
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 117.48
    rCSI 94.99%
    PRS 0.84
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 117.09
    rCSI 90.77%
    PRS 0.81
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 116.3
    rCSI 97.48%
    PRS 1.04
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 116.07
    rCSI 87.81%
    PRS 1.21
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 115.91
    rCSI 92.04%
    PRS 1.53
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 115.63
    rCSI 80.73%
    PRS 0.91
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 115.62
    rCSI 80.47%
    PRS 1.26
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 115.3
    rCSI 95.59%
    PRS 0.8
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 114.42
    rCSI 99.07%
    PRS 0.96
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 113.77
    rCSI 91.13%
    PRS 1.62
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 113.32
    rCSI 89.15%
    PRS 1.02
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 112.98
    rCSI 84.89%
    PRS 0.89
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 112.27
    rCSI 94.46%
    PRS 1.45
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 109.67
    rCSI 86.69%
    PRS 0.6
  • naive B cell CL0000788
    CSI 109.57
    rCSI 93.98%
    PRS 2.8
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 109.37
    rCSI 95.08%
    PRS 1.06
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 109.25
    rCSI 83.1%
    PRS 1.14
  • mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940
    CSI 106.2
    rCSI 85.81%
    PRS 2.26
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 105.95
    rCSI 97.75%
    PRS 0.87
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 105.42
    rCSI 87.31%
    PRS 0.86
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 105.22
    rCSI 95.02%
    PRS 0.76
  • mature T cell CL0002419
    CSI 103.27
    rCSI 80.33%
    PRS 1.22
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 101.64
    rCSI 87.62%
    PRS 1.44
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 101.42
    rCSI 97.63%
    PRS 0.9
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 101.25
    rCSI 88.92%
    PRS 0.96
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 101.08
    rCSI 93.44%
    PRS 1.58
  • memory B cell CL0000787
    CSI 99.84
    rCSI 98.6%
    PRS 3.82
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 96.53
    rCSI 84.89%
    PRS 0.63
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 96.07
    rCSI 85.27%
    PRS 0.86
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 94.04
    rCSI 95.84%
    PRS 1.25
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 93.82
    rCSI 82.18%
    PRS 1.16
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 92.53
    rCSI 96.72%
    PRS 0.92
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 92.31
    rCSI 75.01%
    PRS 0.9
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 91.95
    rCSI 84.43%
    PRS 0.96
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 88.87
    rCSI 80.94%
    PRS 1.35
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 87.03
    rCSI 83.69%
    PRS 1.88
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 84.32
    rCSI 86.74%
    PRS 1.23
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 84.14
    rCSI 82.63%
    PRS 1.38
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909
    CSI 84.04
    rCSI 87.77%
    PRS 2.78
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 83.88
    rCSI 83.71%
    PRS 0.72
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906
    CSI 82.01
    rCSI 80.61%
    PRS 2.58
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 81.12
    rCSI 79.79%
    PRS 0.95
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 80.93
    rCSI 95.05%
    PRS 1.05
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 80.79
    rCSI 83.69%
    PRS 1.01
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 80.23
    rCSI 83.72%
    PRS 0.88
  • gamma-delta T cell CL0000798
    CSI 79.73
    rCSI 93.64%
    PRS 8.77
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 79.67
    rCSI 99.99%
    PRS 1.09
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 78.53
    rCSI 97.14%
    PRS 0.76
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 78
    rCSI 73.7%
    PRS 0.9
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 77.55
    rCSI 93.66%
    PRS 0.99
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 77.38
    rCSI 88.58%
    PRS 1.8
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 76.52
    rCSI 80.16%
    PRS 0.93
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 76.44
    rCSI 58.89%
    PRS 0.78
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 76.21
    rCSI 70.92%
    PRS 0.86
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 75.27
    rCSI 77.06%
    PRS 1.63
  • naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000895
    CSI 75.25
    rCSI 94.56%
    PRS 4.75
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 73.02
    rCSI 93.66%
    PRS 1
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 72.69
    rCSI 87.26%
    PRS 0.86
  • B cell CL0000236
    CSI 72.01
    rCSI 96.35%
    PRS 5.3
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 71.84
    rCSI 80.86%
    PRS 1.45
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 70.7
    rCSI 77.43%
    PRS 1
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 70.51
    rCSI 87.82%
    PRS 1.28
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000624
    CSI 69.75
    rCSI 89.26%
    PRS 18.82
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 68.92
    rCSI 94.21%
    PRS 0.99
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 68.31
    rCSI 79.23%
    PRS 1.29
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 67.94
    rCSI 78.46%
    PRS 0.81
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 67.77
    rCSI 97.75%
    PRS 1.2
  • mature NK T cell CL0000814
    CSI 67.7
    rCSI 86.59%
    PRS 4.01
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 67.41
    rCSI 56.27%
    PRS 3.05
  • effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905
    CSI 67.27
    rCSI 91.64%
    PRS 2.16
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 67.15
    rCSI 96.78%
    PRS 1.4
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 66.86
    rCSI 91.1%
    PRS 0.79
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 66.47
    rCSI 88.34%
    PRS 0.95
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 66.14
    rCSI 88.38%
    PRS 1.65
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 64.98
    rCSI 90%
    PRS 1.24
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 64.72
    rCSI 100%
    PRS 0.81
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 64.43
    rCSI 88.03%
    PRS 0.95
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 64.14
    rCSI 88.13%
    PRS 1.85
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 63.05
    rCSI 91.33%
    PRS 1.26
  • endothelial cell of artery CL1000413
    CSI 62.77
    rCSI 91.97%
    PRS 5.32
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 62.61
    rCSI 91.8%
    PRS 1.14
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 62.53
    rCSI 65.5%
    PRS 0.8
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 62.51
    rCSI 66.99%
    PRS 0.79
  • dendritic cell CL0000451
    CSI 62.14
    rCSI 76.57%
    PRS 2.86
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 61.64
    rCSI 71.28%
    PRS 0.62
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 60.91
    rCSI 86.92%
    PRS 0.99
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 60.38
    rCSI 44.72%
    PRS 0.83
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI 58.97
    rCSI 91.96%
    PRS 2.26
  • plasma cell CL0000786
    CSI 58.5
    rCSI 76.67%
    PRS 4.68
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI -55.1
    rCSI -100.0%
    PRS 0.3%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI -51.7
    rCSI -90.6%
    PRS 0.7%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI -39.1
    rCSI -100.0%
    PRS 1.1%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI -32.8
    rCSI -75.6%
    PRS 0.9%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI -31.6
    rCSI -39.3%
    PRS 0.5%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI -30.1
    rCSI -54.7%
    PRS 1.1%
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI -28.9
    rCSI -100.0%
    PRS 2.5%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI -27.8
    rCSI -44.7%
    PRS 0.7%
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI -23.1
    rCSI -77.4%
    PRS 0.9%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI -22.3
    rCSI -26.6%
    PRS 0.6%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI -19.9
    rCSI -44.5%
    PRS 0.6%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI -17.5
    rCSI -32.8%
    PRS 0.7%
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI -17.2
    rCSI -64.9%
    PRS 2.1%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI -16.1
    rCSI -20.6%
    PRS 1.2%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI -15.3
    rCSI -48.0%
    PRS 0.7%
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI -15.1
    rCSI -61.4%
    PRS 1.3%
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI -14.7
    rCSI -59.1%
    PRS 1.1%
  • kidney collecting duct principal cell CL1001431
    CSI -14.5
    rCSI -72.8%
    PRS 6.1%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI -14.3
    rCSI -25.7%
    PRS 0.8%
  • erythroid lineage cell CL0000764
    CSI -13.6
    rCSI -87.4%
    PRS 2.5%
  • kidney interstitial fibroblast CL1000692
    CSI -13.2
    rCSI -70.2%
    PRS 8.4%
  • kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000838
    CSI -13.2
    rCSI -100.0%
    PRS 17.6%
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI -12.8
    rCSI -26.4%
    PRS 1.1%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI -11.7
    rCSI -37.9%
    PRS 1.7%
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI -11.5
    rCSI -31.8%
    PRS 0.9%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI -11.3
    rCSI -19.6%
    PRS 0.7%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI -10.8
    rCSI -18.2%
    PRS 0.6%
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI -10.4
    rCSI -48.9%
    PRS 2.9%
  • professional antigen presenting cell CL0000145
    CSI -10.0
    rCSI -34.3%
    PRS 3.7%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI -9.0
    rCSI -21.9%
    PRS 0.6%
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI -8.4
    rCSI -32.6%
    PRS 1.5%
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI -8.1
    rCSI -48.1%
    PRS 2.5%
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI -7.9
    rCSI -15.0%
    PRS 1.4%
  • starburst amacrine cell CL0004232
    CSI -7.7
    rCSI -65.0%
    PRS 3.0%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI -7.5
    rCSI -44.3%
    PRS 0.7%
  • cell of skeletal muscle CL0000188
    CSI -7.5
    rCSI -81.7%
    PRS 5.6%
  • diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032
    CSI -7.1
    rCSI -37.5%
    PRS 3.1%
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI -7.0
    rCSI -52.9%
    PRS 2.6%
  • flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033
    CSI -6.8
    rCSI -48.6%
    PRS 2.5%
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI -6.6
    rCSI -27.5%
    PRS 2.7%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI -6.4
    rCSI -23.1%
    PRS 0.5%
  • exhausted T cell CL0011025
    CSI -5.5
    rCSI -93.0%
    PRS 5.2%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI -5.3
    rCSI -20.1%
    PRS 0.6%
  • kidney granular cell CL0000648
    CSI -5.3
    rCSI -76.2%
    PRS 12.9%
  • diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031
    CSI -5.1
    rCSI -58.8%
    PRS 3.7%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI -5.0
    rCSI -31.4%
    PRS 0.8%
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI -5.0
    rCSI -38.7%
    PRS 2.7%
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI -4.6
    rCSI -12.0%
    PRS 1.4%
  • kidney collecting duct intercalated cell CL1001432
    CSI -3.3
    rCSI -23.6%
    PRS 4.0%
  • cord blood hematopoietic stem cell CL2000095
    CSI -3.1
    rCSI -59.1%
    PRS 6.7%
  • kidney connecting tubule principal cell CL4030018
    CSI -2.9
    rCSI -21.2%
    PRS 14.2%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI -2.9
    rCSI -10.9%
    PRS 0.8%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI -2.8
    rCSI -66.5%
    PRS 0.7%
  • cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell CL0010006
    CSI -2.5
    rCSI -18.0%
    PRS 3.5%
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI -2.5
    rCSI -50.7%
    PRS 1.2%
  • endocrine cell CL0000163
    CSI -2.0
    rCSI -10.2%
    PRS 3.7%
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI -1.9
    rCSI -38.4%
    PRS 1.3%
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI -1.3
    rCSI -8.8%
    PRS 2.4%
  • kidney resident macrophage CL1000698
    CSI -1.2
    rCSI -24.3%
    PRS 23.3%
  • serous secreting cell CL0000313
    CSI -0.9
    rCSI -4.5%
    PRS 4.5%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI -0.6
    rCSI -0.8%
    PRS 0.6%
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI -0.6
    rCSI -4.0%
    PRS 2.3%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI -0.4
    rCSI -1.1%
    PRS 0.6%
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 1.3%
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 1.9%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 0.5%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 1.6%
  • immature innate lymphoid cell CL0001082
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 26.2%
    PRS 16.7%
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 2.6%
  • renal intercalated cell CL0005010
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 13.0%
    PRS 7.7%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001078
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 32.2%
    PRS 17.1%
  • cholangiocyte CL1000488
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 9.3%
    PRS 2.1%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 0.8%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 0.8%
  • forebrain neuroblast CL1000042
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 23.4%
    PRS 14.3%
  • macula densa epithelial cell CL1000850
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 31.1%
    PRS 16.7%
  • NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001080
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 81.3%
    PRS 12.6%
  • fast muscle cell CL0000190
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 10.3%
    PRS 5.8%
  • hepatic pit cell CL2000054
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 36.4%
    PRS 11.8%
  • kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 25.8%
    PRS 2.5%
  • odontoblast CL0000060
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 70.8%
    PRS 5.3%
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 1.6%
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 96.0%
    PRS 2.2%
  • microglial cell CL0000129
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 13.4%
    PRS 4.3%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 1.0%
  • slow muscle cell CL0000189
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 44.8%
    PRS 13.0%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 0.7%
  • collagen secreting cell CL0000667
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 20.1%
    PRS 5.3%
  • B-1 B cell CL0000819
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 92.5%
    PRS 5.4%
  • Merkel cell CL0000242
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 83.5%
    PRS 6.1%
  • mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 96.1%
    PRS 5.0%
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 10.5%
    PRS 1.2%
  • osteoblast CL0000062
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 92.8%
    PRS 8.5%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 0.7%
  • neuroplacodal cell CL0000032
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 36.0%
    PRS 3.8%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 41.2%
    PRS 1.5%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 10.4%
    PRS 0.9%
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 98.4%
    PRS 3.1%
  • serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland CL4033005
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 22.5%
    PRS 5.4%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 10.1%
    PRS 0.7%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) (Ribosomal Protein S16) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19q13.2. As its name suggests, it encodes a core structural component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit. Its fundamental role in protein synthesis is reflected by its high expression in metabolically active and highly proliferative cell populations. **Overall**, [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) shows the highest significance in hematopoietic and immune cells, including [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037), various T cell subsets such as [central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000904), and B cells. This expression pattern underscores its essential function in supporting the rapid protein turnover, cell growth, and division required for hematopoiesis and immune responses. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) highlights its role as an essential "workhorse" protein in cells with high biosynthetic demands. Its significance is most pronounced across the hematopoietic lineage, indicating a critical function in the development and maintenance of the immune system. **High Significance Contexts:** * **Immune System:** [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) is a top marker in both the adaptive and innate immune systems. It is highly significant in various lymphocyte populations, including [central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000904), [central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000907), [immature B cell](/details-cell/CL0000816), and natural killer cells like [CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human](/details-cell/CL0000939). This is consistent with the high rates of protein synthesis required for immune cell activation, clonal expansion, and effector function (e.g., antibody and cytokine production). * **Hematopoiesis:** High significance in progenitor cells, such as [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) and [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049), suggests a vital role in the foundational processes of blood cell formation. * **Proliferative Tissues:** Elevated expression in cells like [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312) and [epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract](/details-cell/CL0002632) further supports its association with tissues undergoing constant renewal and turnover. **Low Significance Contexts (Anti-Markers):** * The gene's significance is notably low in terminally differentiated, post-mitotic cell types, particularly within the central nervous system. These include various neuronal subtypes like [GABAergic neuron](/details-cell/CL0000617) and glial cells such as [mature astrocyte](/details-cell/CL0002627) and [ependymal cell](/details-cell/CL0000065). This pattern strongly suggests that while basal protein synthesis occurs in these cells, the machinery involving [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) is less of a defining or rate-limiting feature compared to highly proliferative cells. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) is annotated as a [structural constituent of ribosome](/details-cell/GO:0003735) with [RNA binding](/details-cell/GO:0003723) capabilities. Its primary biological process is [translation](/details-cell/GO:0006412), contributing to [ribosomal small subunit biogenesis](/details-cell/GO:0042274) and [rRNA processing](/details-cell/GO:0006364). This core function places [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) at the center of the entire protein synthesis pipeline, as detailed by its involvement in numerous Reactome pathways. It is integral to all major phases of eukaryotic translation, including [Cap-dependent translation initiation](/details-cell/R-HSA-72737), [Peptide chain elongation](/details-cell/R-HSA-156902), and [Eukaryotic translation termination](/details-cell/R-HSA-72764). Beyond this fundamental housekeeping role, the involvement of [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) in pathways like [Cellular responses to stress](/details-cell/R-HSA-2262752) and [Cellular response to starvation](/details-cell/R-HSA-9711097) highlights the ribosome's role as a central hub for integrating environmental cues to regulate cell growth. Furthermore, its annotation in various infectious disease pathways, such as [Influenza infection](/details-cell/R-HSA-168255) and [Sars-cov-2 infection](/details-cell/R-HSA-9694516), underscores the critical reliance of viruses on the host's translational machinery for their replication. The pathway [Sars-cov-2 modulates host translation machinery](/details-cell/R-HSA-9754678) specifically implicates ribosomal components like [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) as key players in the host-pathogen interaction. ## Research Directions Given its ubiquitous and essential nature, research on [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) should focus on its potential specialized or regulatory roles beyond general protein synthesis, particularly in the context of disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. **Role in Viral Host-Hijacking:** The extensive annotation of [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) in viral infection pathways suggests it may be a key interaction point for viral factors. We hypothesize that specific viral proteins (e.g., from SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza) directly bind to or near [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) to selectively enhance the translation of viral mRNA over host mRNA, effectively commandeering the cell's protein synthesis machinery. 2. **Ribosomopathies and Hematopoiesis:** While not directly indicated in the provided data, mutations in ribosomal proteins are linked to diseases known as ribosomopathies (e.g., Diamond-Blackfan anemia), which often manifest as hematopoietic failures. We hypothesize that subtle, undiscovered germline variants in [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) may contribute to mild forms of bone marrow dysfunction or cytopenias by impairing the efficiency of ribosome biogenesis specifically in rapidly dividing hematopoietic progenitors. 3. **Specialized Ribosomes in Neurodevelopment:** The involvement in the [Axon guidance](/details-cell/R-HSA-422475) pathway is paradoxical given the low expression of [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) in mature neurons. This may indicate a transient but critical role during development. We hypothesize that [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) is part of specialized "local translation" ribosomes in the growth cones of developing axons, and its downregulation is a necessary step for synaptic maturation and stabilization. **Key Experimental Proposal:** To test the hypothesis regarding viral hijacking (Hypothesis 1), a protein-protein interaction study could be conducted. The experiment would involve: * Expressing an epitope-tagged version of [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) in a relevant cell line (e.g., human lung epithelial cells). * Infecting these cells with a virus of interest, such as SARS-CoV-2. * Performing co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) using an antibody against the epitope tag to pull down [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) and its interacting partners. * Analyzing the co-precipitated proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) to identify specific viral proteins that physically associate with [RPS16](/details-gene/6217). Follow-up structural and functional studies could then map the interaction interface. **Therapeutic Potential:** Directly targeting [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) with an inhibitor is not a viable therapeutic strategy due to its essential housekeeping function, which would lead to profound, non-specific toxicity. However, if specific interactions between [RPS16](/details-gene/6217) and viral or oncogenic proteins are identified, the *interface* of this interaction could become a druggable target. Designing small molecules or peptidomimetics that specifically disrupt the binding of a pathogenic protein to the ribosome, without affecting the ribosome's core function, could offer a highly specific therapeutic window for antiviral or anticancer treatments.

Genular Protein ID: 2417051161

Symbol: RS16_HUMAN

Name: 40S ribosomal protein S16

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2016298

Title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human ribosomal protein S16.

PubMed ID: 2016298

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)89575-1

PubMed ID: 11875025

Title: The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes.

PubMed ID: 11875025

DOI: 10.1101/gr.214202

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8706699

Title: Characterization of the human small-ribosomal-subunit proteins by N-terminal and internal sequencing, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 8706699

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0144u.x

PubMed ID: 14654843

Title: Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling.

PubMed ID: 14654843

DOI: 10.1038/nature02166

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24524803

Title: A new system for naming ribosomal proteins.

PubMed ID: 24524803

DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.01.002

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 23636399

Title: Structures of the human and Drosophila 80S ribosome.

PubMed ID: 23636399

DOI: 10.1038/nature12104

PubMed ID: 34516797

Title: Nucleolar maturation of the human small subunit processome.

PubMed ID: 34516797

DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5338

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 146
  • Mass: 16445
  • Checksum: 519BCFB91BB68A15
  • Sequence:
  • MPSKGPLQSV QVFGRKKTAT AVAHCKRGNG LIKVNGRPLE MIEPRTLQYK LLEPVLLLGK 
    ERFAGVDIRV RVKGGGHVAQ IYAIRQSISK ALVAYYQKYV DEASKKEIKD ILIQYDRTLL 
    VADPRRCESK KFGGPGARAR YQKSYR

Genular Protein ID: 3366771388

Symbol: M0R210_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 129
  • Mass: 14419
  • Checksum: 46EB78F8F374DEA8
  • Sequence:
  • MPSKGPLQSV QVFGRKKTAT AVAHCKRGNG LIKLLEPVLL LGKERFAGVD IRVRVKGGGH 
    VAQIYAIRQS ISKALVAYYQ KYVDEASKKE IKDILIQYDR TLLVADPRRC ESKKFGGPGA 
    RARYQKSYR