Details for: S100A2

Gene ID: 6273

Symbol: S100A2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196754

Description: S100 calcium binding protein A2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 127.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7600
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 86.9650
    Cell Significance Index: 258.6400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 79.1268
    Cell Significance Index: -20.0700
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 65.3329
    Cell Significance Index: 561.4100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 32.3433
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2700
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 29.8087
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 16.2942
    Cell Significance Index: -20.0900
  • Cell Name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell (CL0000075)
    Fold Change: 11.7172
    Cell Significance Index: 44.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct cell (CL1001225)
    Fold Change: 10.6068
    Cell Significance Index: 36.4200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 7.0167
    Cell Significance Index: 43.4300
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: 6.2675
    Cell Significance Index: 14.1300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 6.2157
    Cell Significance Index: 764.2800
  • Cell Name: inflammatory cell (CL0009002)
    Fold Change: 5.7728
    Cell Significance Index: 33.1000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 5.2871
    Cell Significance Index: 143.9100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 5.0849
    Cell Significance Index: 2248.1500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 4.7414
    Cell Significance Index: 64.6900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 4.5276
    Cell Significance Index: 235.2000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 4.0881
    Cell Significance Index: 736.9500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lacrimal sac (CL1000436)
    Fold Change: 3.5449
    Cell Significance Index: 25.5100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 3.4834
    Cell Significance Index: 97.3500
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: 2.0197
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5100
  • Cell Name: salivary gland glandular cell (CL1001596)
    Fold Change: 1.5361
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 1.3704
    Cell Significance Index: 96.9200
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.8427
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.7654
    Cell Significance Index: 21.9400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.7483
    Cell Significance Index: 142.4100
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.6210
    Cell Significance Index: 80.2300
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 0.5936
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.5646
    Cell Significance Index: 44.7200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stratum germinativum of esophagus (CL1000447)
    Fold Change: 0.5447
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.5052
    Cell Significance Index: 275.8800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.4965
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4650
    Cell Significance Index: 46.0000
  • Cell Name: airway submucosal gland collecting duct epithelial cell (CL4033023)
    Fold Change: 0.3990
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.3904
    Cell Significance Index: 45.5000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.3826
    Cell Significance Index: 280.4900
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 0.3810
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3604
    Cell Significance Index: 325.3900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2367
    Cell Significance Index: 38.5000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2001
    Cell Significance Index: 21.7700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.1403
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.1323
    Cell Significance Index: 100.1400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1196
    Cell Significance Index: 7.1800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0996
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: 0.0535
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1300
  • Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
    Fold Change: 0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -29.9900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -29.6300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -30.0700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0303
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0377
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0390
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0439
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0455
    Cell Significance Index: -28.4200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0516
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0562
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0573
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0784
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0900
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0992
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1106
    Cell Significance Index: -23.2900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: -0.1115
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.1156
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1169
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3900
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.1288
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1345
    Cell Significance Index: -15.8600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1451
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1728
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5400
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1821
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1983
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2004
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.2179
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5200
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.2258
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6400
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: -0.2639
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2689
    Cell Significance Index: -18.0800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: -0.2774
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2868
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5300
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.2877
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.3150
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3600
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.3202
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4300
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: -0.3227
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.3315
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.3346
    Cell Significance Index: -25.6800
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.3689
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8200
  • Cell Name: respiratory basal cell (CL0002633)
    Fold Change: -0.4298
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.4314
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0900
  • Cell Name: tracheal goblet cell (CL1000329)
    Fold Change: -0.4416
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** S100A2 is a member of the S100 protein family, characterized by its ability to bind calcium ions. This calcium-binding property confers unique structural and functional properties to the protein, enabling it to interact with various cellular components and regulate a range of biological processes. The protein's small molecular size (13 kDa) and high calcium affinity allow it to modulate the activity of target proteins, thereby influencing cellular behavior. **Pathways and Functions:** S100A2 has been implicated in several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Cellular migration**: S100A2 has been shown to regulate the migration of epithelial cells, which is essential for tissue repair and regeneration. 2. **Differentiation**: The protein plays a role in regulating the differentiation of stem cells and keratinocytes, which is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. 3. **Apoptosis**: S100A2 has been shown to inhibit apoptosis in certain cell types, thereby promoting cell survival. 4. **Calcium signaling**: The protein's ability to bind calcium ions enables it to modulate calcium-dependent signaling pathways, which are essential for various cellular processes. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of S100A2 has been implicated in several human diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: Overexpression of S100A2 has been observed in various types of cancer, including prostate, breast, and lung cancer, suggesting its potential role as a biomarker or therapeutic target. 2. **Atherosclerosis**: S100A2 has been shown to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arterial walls. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: The protein's involvement in calcium signaling pathways has led to speculation about its role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, S100A2 is a multifaceted protein with widespread implications in human health. Its ability to regulate cellular migration, differentiation, and survival makes it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in various diseases. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying S100A2's functions and to explore its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic agent.

Genular Protein ID: 2796343446

Symbol: S10A2_HUMAN

Name: Protein S100-A2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P29034 O00266 Q3KRB9 Q5RHS8 Q9BU83

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTAC 1 CPTC 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 7 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 7 EMBL 5 Ensembl 4 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 5 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1372446

Title: Down-regulation of a member of the S100 gene family in mammary carcinoma cells and reexpression by azadeoxycytidine treatment.

PubMed ID: 1372446

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2504

PubMed ID: 9481475

Title: Repression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene S100A2 in breast cancer is mediated by site-specific hypermethylation.

PubMed ID: 9481475

DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4160(97)90063-4

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1286667

Title: Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes.

PubMed ID: 1286667

DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301199

PubMed ID: 20188096

Title: S100 proteins regulate the interaction of Hsp90 with cyclophilin 40 and FKBP52 through their tetratricopeptide repeats.

PubMed ID: 20188096

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02.055

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22399290

Title: S100 proteins modulate protein phosphatase 5 function: a link between CA2+ signal transduction and protein dephosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 22399290

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.329771

PubMed ID: 18394645

Title: Crystal structure of Ca2+ -free S100A2 at 1.6-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 18394645

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.019

PubMed ID: 33831707

Title: Regulation of the tubulin polymerization-promoting protein by Ca2+/S100 proteins.

PubMed ID: 33831707

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102404

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 98
  • Mass: 11117
  • Checksum: 56D09548450142A9
  • Sequence:
    • MMCSSLEQAL AVLVTTFHKY SCQEGDKFKL SKGEMKELLH KELPSFVGEK VDEEGLKKLM 
GSLDENSDQQ VDFQEYAVFL ALITVMCNDF FQGCPDRP

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.