Details for: SDHA

Gene ID: 6389

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: SDHA

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000073578

Description: succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 23.28
    rCSI 51.44%
    PRS 27.9
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 17.96
    rCSI 28.96%
    PRS 47.76
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 14.83
    rCSI 19.02%
    PRS 42.23
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 14.22
    rCSI 10.65%
    PRS 51.97
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049
    CSI 14.18
    rCSI 24.25%
    PRS 58.68
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 14.02
    rCSI 16.46%
    PRS 41.57
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 13.97
    rCSI 21.37%
    PRS 54.03
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 12.62
    rCSI 18.47%
    PRS 40.28
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 12.27
    rCSI 11.83%
    PRS 29.46
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 11.89
    rCSI 12.43%
    PRS 37.71
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 11.46
    rCSI 16.45%
    PRS 30.36
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 9.12
    rCSI 20.36%
    PRS 43.62
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 8.73
    rCSI 8.71%
    PRS 32.59
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 8.46
    rCSI 6.07%
    PRS 49.57
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 7.28
    rCSI 11.13%
    PRS 46.31
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 7
    rCSI 7.34%
    PRS 35.34
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 6.99
    rCSI 10.54%
    PRS 39.18
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 6.35
    rCSI 23.79%
    PRS 32.08
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 6.28
    rCSI 15.95%
    PRS 35.06
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 6.19
    rCSI 22.42%
    PRS 56.2
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 6.16
    rCSI 30.36%
    PRS 48.57
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 5.72
    rCSI 7.34%
    PRS 36
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 5.36
    rCSI 6.67%
    PRS 23.04
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 5.28
    rCSI 11.69%
    PRS 35.09
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 5.04
    rCSI 37.83%
    PRS 58.36
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 5.03
    rCSI 11.97%
    PRS 50.29
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 4.75
    rCSI 27.22%
    PRS 48.78
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 8.19%
    PRS 30.93
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 11.86%
    PRS 60.79
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 4.31
    rCSI 3.26%
    PRS 49.14
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 4.13%
    PRS 38.44
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 4.28
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 37.65
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 4.28
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 52.44
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 46.91
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 4.18
    rCSI 13.44%
    PRS 37.67
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 19.63%
    PRS 35.77
  • CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939
    CSI 4.01
    rCSI 2.67%
    PRS 64.36
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 3.92
    rCSI 9.52%
    PRS 23.63
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 3.74
    rCSI 8.38%
    PRS 24.87
  • effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905
    CSI 3.67
    rCSI 5%
    PRS 66.14
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 3.42
    rCSI 2.87%
    PRS 42.84
  • enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334
    CSI 3.41
    rCSI 52.8%
    PRS 65.73
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 3.39
    rCSI 9.62%
    PRS 38.24
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 3.36
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 47.93
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 3.32
    rCSI 5.85%
    PRS 46.1
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 52.27
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 3.27
    rCSI 4.46%
    PRS 42.19
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 3.25
    rCSI 2.69%
    PRS 38.52
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 3.16
    rCSI 6.15%
    PRS 39.32
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 3.16
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 33.96
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 3.16
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 55.86
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 3.15
    rCSI 4.04%
    PRS 34.58
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 3.08
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 58.71
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 3.07
    rCSI 4.26%
    PRS 43.83
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 3.07
    rCSI 12.4%
    PRS 36.45
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 3.02
    rCSI 4.63%
    PRS 41.86
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 3.01
    rCSI 3.83%
    PRS 42.6
  • alpha-beta T cell CL0000789
    CSI 2.99
    rCSI 3.51%
    PRS 51.86
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 4.71%
    PRS 26.22
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 2.77
    rCSI 1.86%
    PRS 46.72
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 2.75
    rCSI 7.86%
    PRS 52.75
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 3.75%
    PRS 40.49
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 3.73%
    PRS 37.64
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 2.79%
    PRS 38.31
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 54.35%
    PRS 31.63
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 1.85%
    PRS 45.25
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 2.99%
    PRS 60.84
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 7.48%
    PRS 53.9
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 2.59
    rCSI 52.82%
    PRS 32.86
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 5.94%
    PRS 47.36
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 12.65%
    PRS 47.94
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 1.73%
    PRS 49.71
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 2.14%
    PRS 37.15
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 2.26%
    PRS 38.87
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 2.01%
    PRS 54.4
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 1.66%
    PRS 39.47
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.37
    rCSI 2.14%
    PRS 34.7
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 9.11%
    PRS 57.18
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.33
    rCSI 3.77%
    PRS 36.69
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 5.78%
    PRS 45.36
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 2.26
    rCSI 1.84%
    PRS 38.7
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.26
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 35.57
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 1.77%
    PRS 43.68
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 47.3
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 9.62%
    PRS 36.41
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 54.66
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 41.81
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 1.93%
    PRS 44.27
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 29.75%
    PRS 31.46
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 2.09
    rCSI 2.63%
    PRS 46.75
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 48.08
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 6.48%
    PRS 25.39
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 1.59%
    PRS 36.19
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 34.95
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 3.22%
    PRS 32.49
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 2.33%
    PRS 48.55
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 1.73%
    PRS 47.31
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 1.84%
    PRS 57.96
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 1.64%
    PRS 36.28
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 4.53%
    PRS 37.19
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 50.1%
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 73.6%
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 61.6%
  • bronchiolar smooth muscle cell CL4033017
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 65.1%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 72.2%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 64.6%
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 48.9%
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 55.1%
  • kidney loop of Henle epithelial cell CL1000909
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 84.9%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 58.1%
  • parietal cell CL0000162
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 79.0%
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 53.8%
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 51.4%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 24.3%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 48.7%
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 31.3%
  • erythroid lineage cell CL0000764
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 60.6%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 53.5%
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 65.3%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 14.6%
    PRS 24.6%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 23.3%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 46.9%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 16.0%
    PRS 23.8%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 36.8%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 58.3%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 28.9%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 34.7%
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 50.8%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 52.6%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 52.7%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 32.5%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 29.8%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 53.1%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 61.2%
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 55.5%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 41.4%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 27.4%
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 46.0%
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 55.8%
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 56.4%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 29.1%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 24.3%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 34.5%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 44.0%
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 63.9%
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 53.8%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 41.4%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 23.5%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 38.5%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 53.5%
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 49.9%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 47.3%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 47.5%
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 69.7%
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 43.4%
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 38.8%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 38.2%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 47.7%
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 47.1%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 46.1%
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 41.8%
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 47.2%
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 41.6%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 57.3%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 40.5%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 45.6%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 30.5%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 58.3%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 46.5%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 34.7%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 29.7%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 36.1%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 50.5%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 40.5%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 54.7%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 44.4%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 36.8%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 39.5%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 42.1%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 42.1%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 35.9%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 38.4%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 40.6%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 35.3%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 8.1%
    PRS 25.5%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 37.5%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 35.9%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 28.4%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 51.5%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 32.0%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 9.0%
    PRS 31.3%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 29.7%
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 47.0%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 40.2%
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 50.4%
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 67.6%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 36.6%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 29.0%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 64.8%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 59.1%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) (Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Flavoprotein Subunit A) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5p15.33. It encodes the main catalytic flavoprotein subunit of mitochondrial respiratory Complex II. This complex plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism by uniquely participating in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, where it oxidizes succinate to fumarate, and the electron transport chain, where it reduces ubiquinone. Reflecting its fundamental role in ATP production, [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) shows significant expression in a wide range of metabolically active cells, including neurons, intestinal epithelia, and activated immune cells. Germline mutations in [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) are associated with severe mitochondrial diseases such as Leigh syndrome ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1007/s004390051033)) and an increased risk for certain cancers, particularly paragangliomas, establishing its function as a tumor suppressor ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddq206)). The clinical associations are cataloged in OMIM under entries [252011](https://omim.org/entry/252011) and [600857](https://omim.org/entry/600857). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) highlights its role as a ubiquitous and essential "workhorse" gene, critical for cells with high energetic demands, rather than a specific lineage marker. **Overall**, its significance is highest in tissues characterized by high rates of metabolic activity. Top cell types include `[retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740)` (CSI: 23.28), which requires substantial energy for signal transmission, and absorptive epithelial cells like `[enterocyte](/details-cell/CL0000584)` (CSI: 17.96) and `[intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563)` (CSI: 11.89), which fuel nutrient transport. High expression is also noted in rapidly proliferating progenitor populations, such as `[transit amplifying cell of colon](/details-cell/CL0009011)` (CSI: 14.02) and `[stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034)` (CSI: 12.27), consistent with the bioenergetic needs of cell division. Furthermore, [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) is a key component in immune cell function, with high significance in `[T follicular helper cell](/details-cell/CL0002038)` (CSI: 14.22) and `[activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001049)` (CSI: 14.18). This suggests that oxidative phosphorylation, driven by Complex II, is essential to power the clonal expansion and effector functions of adaptive immune cells. The gene's importance extends to other high-demand cell types, including `[cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746)` (CSI: 11.46). This broad but metabolically-focused expression pattern underscores its foundational role in maintaining cellular homeostasis across diverse physiological systems. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) confirm its central role in mitochondrial energy production. The gene product is a core component of the `[Respiratory chain complex ii (succinate dehydrogenase)](/details-go/GO:0045273)` located in the `[mitochondrial inner membrane](/details-go/GO:0005743)`. Its molecular function is defined by its `[Succinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity](/details-go/GO:0008177)`, which requires `[Flavin adenine dinucleotide binding](/details-go/GO:0050660)` to catalyze the transfer of electrons. This single enzymatic activity links two cardinal metabolic pathways. As part of the `[Tricarboxylic acid cycle](/details-go/GO:0006099)` ([R-HSA-71403](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-71403)), it performs the oxidation of succinate. Simultaneously, it contributes to the `[Respiratory electron transport chain](/details-go/GO:0022904)` ([R-HSA-611105](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-611105)) by transferring electrons from succinate to the ubiquinone pool, a process annotated as `[Mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone](/details-go/GO:0006121)`. This dual functionality establishes [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) as an indispensable hub connecting carbon metabolism with oxidative phosphorylation for efficient ATP synthesis. ## Research Directions The established role of [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) as both a critical metabolic enzyme and a tumor suppressor opens several avenues for future research, particularly concerning the metabolic reprogramming in cancer and immunity. ### Testable Hypotheses 1. **Metabolic Control of T Cell Fate:** The high significance of [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) in activated T cells like `[activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001049)` suggests that flux through Complex II is a critical bottleneck for T cell proliferation and effector function. We hypothesize that the level of [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) expression or its post-translational modification status dictates the metabolic phenotype (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation vs. glycolysis) of T cells, thereby controlling their differentiation into effector versus memory lineages during an immune response. 2. **Succinate as a Signaling Molecule in Neuronal Stress:** Given the exceptionally high CSI of [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) in `[retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740)`, we hypothesize that subtle impairments in [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) function under conditions of metabolic stress (e.g., ischemia, glaucoma) lead to succinate accumulation. This accumulated succinate may act as an oncometabolite-like signaling molecule, exiting the mitochondria to promote a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic state by stabilizing HIF-1α and inhibiting α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, thereby contributing to neurodegeneration. ### Proposed Experimental Approach To test the role of [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) in T cell fate decisions (Hypothesis 1), a conditional knockout mouse model (e.g., *Sdha*fl/fl;CD4-CreERT2) could be employed. 1. Naive CD8+ T cells would be isolated from tamoxifen-treated knockout and control mice. 2. Cells would be activated *in vitro* with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. 3. Metabolic profiling using a Seahorse XF Analyzer would directly measure the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) to quantify the reliance on oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. 4. T cell differentiation into effector and memory subsets would be assessed by flow cytometry using surface markers (e.g., CD44, CD62L, KLRG1) at various time points post-activation. 5. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) could then be used to delineate the transcriptomic trajectories associated with [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) deficiency, identifying key transcription factors and signaling pathways that are rewired. This approach would mechanistically link [SDHA](/details-gene/6389)-mediated metabolism to the transcriptional programs governing T cell differentiation. ### Therapeutic Potential [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) presents a complex therapeutic profile. As a ubiquitously expressed and essential metabolic enzyme, systemic inhibition would likely cause severe toxicity. However, its role as a tumor suppressor in diseases like paraganglioma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) suggests a different therapeutic paradigm. In these cancers, the pathogenic mechanism is loss-of-function, leading to the accumulation of succinate which drives oncogenesis through HIF-1α stabilization. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy would not be to inhibit [SDHA](/details-gene/6389) but to target the downstream consequences of its absence. This could involve developing inhibitors of HIF-1α or therapies that exploit the unique metabolic vulnerabilities of [SDHA](/details-gene/6389)-deficient cells. Thus, while not a direct drug target for inhibition, its mutational status is a critical biomarker for patient stratification and guiding treatment with pathway-specific agents.

Genular Protein ID: 2260173416

Symbol: SDHA_HUMAN

Name: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7798181

Title: Human complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase): cDNA cloning of the flavoprotein (Fp) subunit of liver mitochondria.

PubMed ID: 7798181

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124497

PubMed ID: 8142412

Title: The cDNA sequence of the flavoprotein subunit of human heart succinate dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 8142412

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90203-8

PubMed ID: 10746566

Title: Compound heterozygous mutations in the flavoprotein gene of the respiratory chain complex II in a patient with Leigh syndrome.

PubMed ID: 10746566

DOI: 10.1007/s004390051033

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15372022

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 15372022

DOI: 10.1038/nature02919

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7550341

Title: Mutation of a nuclear succinate dehydrogenase gene results in mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency.

PubMed ID: 7550341

DOI: 10.1038/ng1095-144

PubMed ID: 15242332

Title: Vectorial proteomics reveal targeting, phosphorylation and specific fragmentation of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) at the surface of caveolae in human adipocytes.

PubMed ID: 15242332

DOI: 10.1042/bj20040647

PubMed ID: 19628817

Title: SDH5, a gene required for flavination of succinate dehydrogenase, is mutated in paraganglioma.

PubMed ID: 19628817

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175689

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20484225

Title: SDHA is a tumor suppressor gene causing paraganglioma.

PubMed ID: 20484225

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq206

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22823520

Title: Mitochondrial c-Src regulates cell survival through phosphorylation of respiratory chain components.

PubMed ID: 22823520

DOI: 10.1042/bj20120509

PubMed ID: 23747254

Title: The mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 promotes neoplastic growth by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 23747254

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.019

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 28593945

Title: Human LACC1 increases innate receptor-induced responses and a LACC1 disease-risk variant modulates these outcomes.

PubMed ID: 28593945

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15614

PubMed ID: 32887801

Title: The roles of SDHAF2 and dicarboxylate in covalent flavinylation of SDHA, the human complex II flavoprotein.

PubMed ID: 32887801

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007391117

PubMed ID: 37098072

Title: Structure of the human respiratory complex II.

PubMed ID: 37098072

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216713120

PubMed ID: 10976639

Title: Late-onset optic atrophy, ataxia, and myopathy associated with a mutation of a complex II gene.

PubMed ID: 10976639

DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200009)48:3<330::aid-ana7>3.3.co;2-1

PubMed ID: 12794685

Title: Homozygous Gly555Glu mutation in the nuclear-encoded 70 kDa flavoprotein gene causes instability of the respiratory chain complex II.

PubMed ID: 12794685

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10202

PubMed ID: 20551992

Title: Familial neonatal isolated cardiomyopathy caused by a mutation in the flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 20551992

DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.83

PubMed ID: 24781757

Title: SDHA mutations causing a multisystem mitochondrial disease: novel mutations and genetic overlap with hereditary tumors.

PubMed ID: 24781757

DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.80

PubMed ID: 22972948

Title: Recessive germline SDHA and SDHB mutations causing leukodystrophy and isolated mitochondrial complex II deficiency.

PubMed ID: 22972948

DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101146

PubMed ID: 26642834

Title: Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of succinate dehydrogenase-related infantile leukoencephalopathy.

PubMed ID: 26642834

DOI: 10.1002/ana.24572

PubMed ID: 27683074

Title: SDHA mutation with dominant transmission results in complex II deficiency with ocular, cardiac, and neurologic involvement.

PubMed ID: 27683074

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37986

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 664
  • Mass: 72692
  • Checksum: 180B664E3FFD0B34
  • Sequence:
  • MSGVRGLSRL LSARRLALAK AWPTVLQTGT RGFHFTVDGN KRASAKVSDS ISAQYPVVDH 
    EFDAVVVGAG GAGLRAAFGL SEAGFNTACV TKLFPTRSHT VAAQGGINAA LGNMEEDNWR 
    WHFYDTVKGS DWLGDQDAIH YMTEQAPAAV VELENYGMPF SRTEDGKIYQ RAFGGQSLKF 
    GKGGQAHRCC CVADRTGHSL LHTLYGRSLR YDTSYFVEYF ALDLLMENGE CRGVIALCIE 
    DGSIHRIRAK NTVVATGGYG RTYFSCTSAH TSTGDGTAMI TRAGLPCQDL EFVQFHPTGI 
    YGAGCLITEG CRGEGGILIN SQGERFMERY APVAKDLASR DVVSRSMTLE IREGRGCGPE 
    KDHVYLQLHH LPPEQLATRL PGISETAMIF AGVDVTKEPI PVLPTVHYNM GGIPTNYKGQ 
    VLRHVNGQDQ IVPGLYACGE AACASVHGAN RLGANSLLDL VVFGRACALS IEESCRPGDK 
    VPPIKPNAGE ESVMNLDKLR FADGSIRTSE LRLSMQKSMQ NHAAVFRVGS VLQEGCGKIS 
    KLYGDLKHLK TFDRGMVWNT DLVETLELQN LMLCALQTIY GAEARKESRG AHAREDYKVR 
    IDEYDYSKPI QGQQKKPFEE HWRKHTLSYV DVGTGKVTLE YRPVIDKTLN EADCATVPPA 
    IRSY

Genular Protein ID: 894893134

Symbol: D6RFM5_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15372022

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 15372022

DOI: 10.1038/nature02919

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 583
  • Mass: 63567
  • Checksum: 0ED1155D7A99BA9A
  • Sequence:
  • MSGVRGLSRL LSARRLALAK AWPTVLQTGT RGFHFTVDGN KRASAKVSDS ISAQYPVVDH 
    EFDAVVVGAG GAGLRAAFGL SEAGFNTACV TKLFPTRSHT VAAQGGINAA LGNMEEDNWR 
    WHFYDTVKGS DWLGDQDAIH YMTEQAPAAV VELENYGMPF SRTEDGKIYQ RAFGGQSLKF 
    GKGGQAHRCC CVADRTGHSL LHTLYGRSLR YDTSYFVEYF ALDLLMENGE CRGVIALCIE 
    DGSIHRIRAK NTVVATGGYG RTYFSCTSAH TSTGDGTAMI TRAGLPCQDL EFVQFHPTGI 
    YGAGCLITEG CRGEGGILIN SQGERFMERY APVAKDLASR DVVSRSMTLE IREGRGCGPE 
    KDHVYLQLHH LPPEQLATRL PGISETAMIF AGVDVTKEPI PVLPTVHYNM GGIPTNYKGQ 
    VLRHVNGQDQ IVPGLYACGE AACASVHGAN RLGANSLLDL VVFGRACALS IEESCRPGDK 
    VPPIKPNAGE ESVMNLDKLR FADGSIRTSE LRLSMQKVRI DEYDYSKPIQ GQQKKPFEEH 
    WRKHTLSYVD VGTGKVTLEY RPVIDKTLNE ADCATVPPAI RSY