Details for: TKT

Gene ID: 7086

Symbol: TKT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163931

Description: transketolase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 395.5120
    Cell Significance Index: -61.5200
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 193.8232
    Cell Significance Index: -79.8500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 173.6943
    Cell Significance Index: -82.0100
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 166.3725
    Cell Significance Index: -67.5900
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 153.6592
    Cell Significance Index: -79.0400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 137.9299
    Cell Significance Index: -34.9900
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 122.2538
    Cell Significance Index: -82.0400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 72.4593
    Cell Significance Index: -69.1800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 56.5552
    Cell Significance Index: -69.7300
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 26.9742
    Cell Significance Index: -72.2600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 18.4894
    Cell Significance Index: -72.9600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 17.8515
    Cell Significance Index: -54.8300
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 9.2617
    Cell Significance Index: -20.2700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 8.2712
    Cell Significance Index: 221.2500
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 5.7675
    Cell Significance Index: 43.7400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 4.0824
    Cell Significance Index: 2229.5000
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 4.0644
    Cell Significance Index: 75.1200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 3.5696
    Cell Significance Index: 252.4600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 2.8021
    Cell Significance Index: 76.2700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 2.8011
    Cell Significance Index: 180.7100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 2.6277
    Cell Significance Index: 323.1100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 2.5936
    Cell Significance Index: 467.5500
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 2.5716
    Cell Significance Index: 75.5300
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 2.4089
    Cell Significance Index: 20.7000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 2.3070
    Cell Significance Index: 272.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 1.9846
    Cell Significance Index: 338.8900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.9570
    Cell Significance Index: 268.7500
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.8888
    Cell Significance Index: 113.3900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 1.7154
    Cell Significance Index: 80.6200
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 1.6803
    Cell Significance Index: 23.9200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.5949
    Cell Significance Index: 206.0500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 1.3819
    Cell Significance Index: 610.9700
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 1.3580
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.3471
    Cell Significance Index: 69.9800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 1.2735
    Cell Significance Index: 35.5900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 1.0026
    Cell Significance Index: 69.3400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.8742
    Cell Significance Index: 86.4800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.8502
    Cell Significance Index: 24.5000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.8445
    Cell Significance Index: 167.6000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.8413
    Cell Significance Index: 17.6100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.8127
    Cell Significance Index: 42.6700
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.7592
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.7309
    Cell Significance Index: 19.2200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.7109
    Cell Significance Index: 115.6300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.7082
    Cell Significance Index: 33.0200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.7014
    Cell Significance Index: 15.2000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.6471
    Cell Significance Index: 29.3300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.6445
    Cell Significance Index: 18.4800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.6243
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.5558
    Cell Significance Index: 111.5000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.5258
    Cell Significance Index: 18.2700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.5214
    Cell Significance Index: 38.8600
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.3680
    Cell Significance Index: 678.6200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.3389
    Cell Significance Index: 256.5200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.3215
    Cell Significance Index: 222.3800
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.3190
    Cell Significance Index: 7.3700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3140
    Cell Significance Index: 59.7600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.2408
    Cell Significance Index: 370.7700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2236
    Cell Significance Index: 80.1900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1764
    Cell Significance Index: 159.2500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0880
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0871
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0657
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0362
    Cell Significance Index: 22.9700
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -40.8400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0222
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0364
    Cell Significance Index: -26.6900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0883
    Cell Significance Index: -49.7800
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1204
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1232
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.1232
    Cell Significance Index: -55.9000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1661
    Cell Significance Index: -34.9900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.1729
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2525
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9300
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.2603
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.2695
    Cell Significance Index: -77.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.3357
    Cell Significance Index: -38.3200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.3603
    Cell Significance Index: -52.3800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.3878
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.4115
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.4752
    Cell Significance Index: -55.3800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.5013
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.5437
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.5495
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6000
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: -0.5924
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.7074
    Cell Significance Index: -73.6500
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.7371
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.7437
    Cell Significance Index: -46.8800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.7461
    Cell Significance Index: -41.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.7780
    Cell Significance Index: -61.6200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.8756
    Cell Significance Index: -58.8800
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: -1.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -1.1156
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -1.1294
    Cell Significance Index: -69.2400
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: -1.1298
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -1.1811
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** TKT is a pyrimidine-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, meaning that it requires the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to catalyze its reaction. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, each with a distinct active site, which allows for the efficient transfer of two-carbon units between sugars. TKT is also a homodimer, meaning that it exists as a tetrameric structure composed of four identical subunits. This tetrameric structure enables the enzyme to exhibit both high specificity and activity. **Pathways and Functions** The pentose-phosphate pathway is a critical metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentoses from glucose-6-phosphate. TKT plays a central role in this pathway, catalyzing the transketolase reaction, which is a key step in the non-oxidative branch of the pathway. The products of this reaction, including xylulose-5-phosphate, are essential for various cellular processes, including: 1. Nucleotide synthesis: Xylulose-5-phosphate is a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides, such as ribose-5-phosphate, which is necessary for DNA and RNA synthesis. 2. Amino acid synthesis: Xylulose-5-phosphate is also a precursor for the synthesis of amino acids, such as glutamine and asparagine. 3. Redox reactions: NADPH generated in the pentose-phosphate pathway is essential for maintaining the redox balance in cells and protecting against oxidative stress. **Clinical Significance** As an expert immunologist, I would like to highlight the importance of TKT in the context of immune system regulation. TKT has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including: 1. Autoimmune diseases: TKT has been shown to play a role in the regulation of immune responses in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. 2. Cancer: TKT has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. 3. Inflammatory disorders: TKT has been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in conditions such as atherosclerosis and chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition, TKT has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, including: 1. Metabolic disorders: TKT has been shown to be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, making it a potential target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. 2. Cancer therapy: TKT has been identified as a potential target for cancer therapy, as it is involved in the regulation of nucleotide synthesis and redox reactions. In conclusion, TKT is a crucial enzyme involved in the pentose-phosphate pathway, which plays a central role in the regulation of immune responses and the synthesis of various biomolecules. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, and it has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1778642813

Symbol: TKT_HUMAN

Name: Transketolase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8419340

Title: Cloning of human transketolase cDNAs and comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the coding region in Wernicke-Korsakoff and non-Wernicke-Korsakoff individuals.

PubMed ID: 8419340

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54089-8

PubMed ID: 9115179

Title: Molecular evolutionary analysis of the thiamine-diphosphate-dependent enzyme, transketolase.

PubMed ID: 9115179

DOI: 10.1007/pl00006179

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12665801

Title: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.

PubMed ID: 12665801

DOI: 10.1038/nbt810

PubMed ID: 1567394

Title: Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of a cDNA clone encoding part of human transketolase.

PubMed ID: 1567394

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80312-2

PubMed ID: 3248678

Title: Studies on the nature of thiamine pyrophosphate binding and dependency on divalent cations of transketolase from human erythrocytes.

PubMed ID: 3248678

DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(88)90228-5

PubMed ID: 15592455

Title: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 15592455

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1046

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27259054

Title: Mutations in TKT are the cause of a syndrome including short stature, developmental delay, and congenital heart defects.

PubMed ID: 27259054

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.030

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

PubMed ID: 20667822

Title: The crystal structure of human transketolase and new insights into its mode of action.

PubMed ID: 20667822

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.149955

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 623
  • Mass: 67878
  • Checksum: 176C89C02FD2712B
  • Sequence:
  • MESYHKPDQQ KLQALKDTAN RLRISSIQAT TAAGSGHPTS CCSAAEIMAV LFFHTMRYKS 
    QDPRNPHNDR FVLSKGHAAP ILYAVWAEAG FLAEAELLNL RKISSDLDGH PVPKQAFTDV 
    ATGSLGQGLG AACGMAYTGK YFDKASYRVY CLLGDGELSE GSVWEAMAFA SIYKLDNLVA 
    ILDINRLGQS DPAPLQHQMD IYQKRCEAFG WHAIIVDGHS VEELCKAFGQ AKHQPTAIIA 
    KTFKGRGITG VEDKESWHGK PLPKNMAEQI IQEIYSQIQS KKKILATPPQ EDAPSVDIAN 
    IRMPSLPSYK VGDKIATRKA YGQALAKLGH ASDRIIALDG DTKNSTFSEI FKKEHPDRFI 
    ECYIAEQNMV SIAVGCATRN RTVPFCSTFA AFFTRAFDQI RMAAISESNI NLCGSHCGVS 
    IGEDGPSQMA LEDLAMFRSV PTSTVFYPSD GVATEKAVEL AANTKGICFI RTSRPENAII 
    YNNNEDFQVG QAKVVLKSKD DQVTVIGAGV TLHEALAAAE LLKKEKINIR VLDPFTIKPL 
    DRKLILDSAR ATKGRILTVE DHYYEGGIGE AVSSAVVGEP GITVTHLAVN RVPRSGKPAE 
    LLKMFGIDRD AIAQAVRGLI TKA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.