Gene TKT - ENSG00000163931 | NCBI Gene ID: 7086

Details for: TKT

Gene ID: 7086

Symbol: TKT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163931

Description: transketolase

Associated with

Cellular responses to stimuli
(R-HSA-8953897)
Cellular responses to stress
(R-HSA-2262752)
Cellular response to chemical stress
(R-HSA-9711123)
Insulin effects increased synthesis of xylulose-5-phosphate
(R-HSA-163754)
Integration of energy metabolism
(R-HSA-163685)
Keap1-nfe2l2 pathway
(R-HSA-9755511)
Metabolism
(R-HSA-1430728)
Metabolism of carbohydrates
(R-HSA-71387)
Nfe2l2 regulates pentose phosphate pathway genes
(R-HSA-9818028)
Nuclear events mediated by nfe2l2
(R-HSA-9759194)
Pentose phosphate pathway
(R-HSA-71336)
Calcium ion binding
(GO:0005509)
Cytosol
(GO:0005829)
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
(GO:0005789)
Extracellular exosome
(GO:0070062)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process
(GO:0046166)
Magnesium ion binding
(GO:0000287)
Nuclear body
(GO:0016604)
Nucleoplasm
(GO:0005654)
Pentose-phosphate shunt
(GO:0006098)
Pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
(GO:0009052)
Peroxisome
(GO:0005777)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Protein homodimerization activity
(GO:0042803)
Regulation of growth
(GO:0040008)
Thiamine pyrophosphate binding
(GO:0030976)
Transketolase activity
(GO:0004802)
Vesicle
(GO:0031982)
Xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process
(GO:1901159)

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
Fold Change: 4.89
Marker Score: 3450
Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
Fold Change: 4.44
Marker Score: 18457.5
Cell Name: myeloid dendritic cell (CL0000782)
Fold Change: 4.16
Marker Score: 2526
Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
Fold Change: 3.97
Marker Score: 222004
Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
Fold Change: 3.32
Marker Score: 4009
Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
Fold Change: 3.25
Marker Score: 1580
Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
Fold Change: 3.2
Marker Score: 2855
Cell Name: late pro-B cell (CL0002048)
Fold Change: 3.18
Marker Score: 3749.5
Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
Fold Change: 3.17
Marker Score: 109793
Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
Fold Change: 3.16
Marker Score: 36719
Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
Fold Change: 3.07
Marker Score: 5986
Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
Fold Change: 3
Marker Score: 7479.5
Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
Fold Change: 2.89
Marker Score: 3890
Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
Fold Change: 2.77
Marker Score: 6771
Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
Fold Change: 2.75
Marker Score: 17901
Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
Fold Change: 2.73
Marker Score: 11155
Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
Fold Change: 2.63
Marker Score: 4227
Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
Fold Change: 2.62
Marker Score: 13746
Cell Name: CD34-positive, CD38-negative hematopoietic stem cell (CL0001024)
Fold Change: 2.58
Marker Score: 1870
Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
Fold Change: 2.57
Marker Score: 2567.5
Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
Fold Change: 2.56
Marker Score: 65513
Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
Fold Change: 2.54
Marker Score: 19842.5
Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
Fold Change: 2.5
Marker Score: 6035
Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
Fold Change: 2.49
Marker Score: 1962
Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
Fold Change: 2.46
Marker Score: 2811
Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
Fold Change: 2.43
Marker Score: 3437
Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
Fold Change: 2.41
Marker Score: 2516
Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
Fold Change: 2.4
Marker Score: 4873
Cell Name: cord blood hematopoietic stem cell (CL2000095)
Fold Change: 2.39
Marker Score: 1807
Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
Fold Change: 2.37
Marker Score: 17633
Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
Fold Change: 2.37
Marker Score: 2382
Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
Fold Change: 2.35
Marker Score: 23811
Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
Fold Change: 2.34
Marker Score: 1957.5
Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
Fold Change: 2.32
Marker Score: 1235
Cell Name: myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
Fold Change: 2.28
Marker Score: 11209.5
Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
Fold Change: 2.27
Marker Score: 14519
Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
Fold Change: 2.25
Marker Score: 1496
Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
Fold Change: 2.24
Marker Score: 3978
Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
Fold Change: 2.24
Marker Score: 2715
Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
Fold Change: 2.24
Marker Score: 6648
Cell Name: germinal center B cell (CL0000844)
Fold Change: 2.24
Marker Score: 1360.5
Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
Fold Change: 2.2
Marker Score: 951
Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
Fold Change: 2.19
Marker Score: 3232
Cell Name: centroblast (CL0009112)
Fold Change: 2.19
Marker Score: 1081
Cell Name: type I pneumocyte (CL0002062)
Fold Change: 2.18
Marker Score: 2632
Cell Name: B-1 B cell (CL0000819)
Fold Change: 2.18
Marker Score: 3792
Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
Fold Change: 2.17
Marker Score: 770
Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
Fold Change: 2.16
Marker Score: 2263
Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
Fold Change: 2.16
Marker Score: 14037
Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
Fold Change: 2.14
Marker Score: 72889
Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
Fold Change: 2.13
Marker Score: 4452
Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
Fold Change: 2.12
Marker Score: 2234
Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
Fold Change: 2.12
Marker Score: 8317
Cell Name: epithelial cell of stratum germinativum of esophagus (CL1000447)
Fold Change: 2.11
Marker Score: 510
Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
Fold Change: 2.11
Marker Score: 1112
Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
Fold Change: 2.11
Marker Score: 18142
Cell Name: hematopoietic precursor cell (CL0008001)
Fold Change: 2.08
Marker Score: 728
Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
Fold Change: 2.08
Marker Score: 2296
Cell Name: neural crest cell (CL0011012)
Fold Change: 2.07
Marker Score: 2217
Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
Fold Change: 2.06
Marker Score: 4896
Cell Name: promyelocyte (CL0000836)
Fold Change: 2.05
Marker Score: 1015
Cell Name: class switched memory B cell (CL0000972)
Fold Change: 2.05
Marker Score: 1926
Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian (CL0001066)
Fold Change: 2.05
Marker Score: 657
Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
Fold Change: 2.03
Marker Score: 2192
Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
Fold Change: 2.03
Marker Score: 1725
Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
Fold Change: 2.01
Marker Score: 4248
Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
Fold Change: 2.01
Marker Score: 1941
Cell Name: large pre-B-II cell (CL0000957)
Fold Change: 1.99
Marker Score: 5414.5
Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
Fold Change: 1.99
Marker Score: 5405
Cell Name: Unknown (CL0002371)
Fold Change: 1.99
Marker Score: 2109
Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
Fold Change: 1.98
Marker Score: 3369.5
Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
Fold Change: 1.98
Marker Score: 12011
Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
Fold Change: 1.95
Marker Score: 2191
Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
Fold Change: 1.93
Marker Score: 1064
Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
Fold Change: 1.93
Marker Score: 25461
Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
Fold Change: 1.92
Marker Score: 2033
Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
Fold Change: 1.92
Marker Score: 1206
Cell Name: primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei) (CL0000531)
Fold Change: 1.92
Marker Score: 645
Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
Fold Change: 1.92
Marker Score: 1992
Cell Name: migratory enteric neural crest cell (CL0002607)
Fold Change: 1.92
Marker Score: 1803
Cell Name: early lymphoid progenitor (CL0000936)
Fold Change: 1.91
Marker Score: 938
Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
Fold Change: 1.88
Marker Score: 1051
Cell Name: IgG memory B cell (CL0000979)
Fold Change: 1.88
Marker Score: 1130
Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
Fold Change: 1.87
Marker Score: 598
Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
Fold Change: 1.86
Marker Score: 4823
Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
Fold Change: 1.84
Marker Score: 11743
Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
Fold Change: 1.83
Marker Score: 1156
Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
Fold Change: 1.83
Marker Score: 2429
Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
Fold Change: 1.82
Marker Score: 1217
Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
Fold Change: 1.82
Marker Score: 1327
Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
Fold Change: 1.81
Marker Score: 1103
Cell Name: tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell (CL0019019)
Fold Change: 1.8
Marker Score: 528
Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
Fold Change: 1.8
Marker Score: 7760
Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
Fold Change: 1.8
Marker Score: 519
Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
Fold Change: 1.79
Marker Score: 673
Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
Fold Change: 1.79
Marker Score: 1818
Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
Fold Change: 1.78
Marker Score: 20054
Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
Fold Change: 1.78
Marker Score: 4050
Cell Name: ionocyte (CL0005006)
Fold Change: 1.78
Marker Score: 539
Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
Fold Change: 1.77
Marker Score: 976

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**Key Characteristics** TKT is a pyrimidine-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, meaning that it requires the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to catalyze its reaction. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, each with a distinct active site, which allows for the efficient transfer of two-carbon units between sugars. TKT is also a homodimer, meaning that it exists as a tetrameric structure composed of four identical subunits. This tetrameric structure enables the enzyme to exhibit both high specificity and activity. **Pathways and Functions** The pentose-phosphate pathway is a critical metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentoses from glucose-6-phosphate. TKT plays a central role in this pathway, catalyzing the transketolase reaction, which is a key step in the non-oxidative branch of the pathway. The products of this reaction, including xylulose-5-phosphate, are essential for various cellular processes, including: 1. Nucleotide synthesis: Xylulose-5-phosphate is a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides, such as ribose-5-phosphate, which is necessary for DNA and RNA synthesis. 2. Amino acid synthesis: Xylulose-5-phosphate is also a precursor for the synthesis of amino acids, such as glutamine and asparagine. 3. Redox reactions: NADPH generated in the pentose-phosphate pathway is essential for maintaining the redox balance in cells and protecting against oxidative stress. **Clinical Significance** As an expert immunologist, I would like to highlight the importance of TKT in the context of immune system regulation. TKT has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including: 1. Autoimmune diseases: TKT has been shown to play a role in the regulation of immune responses in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. 2. Cancer: TKT has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. 3. Inflammatory disorders: TKT has been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in conditions such as atherosclerosis and chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition, TKT has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, including: 1. Metabolic disorders: TKT has been shown to be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, making it a potential target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. 2. Cancer therapy: TKT has been identified as a potential target for cancer therapy, as it is involved in the regulation of nucleotide synthesis and redox reactions. In conclusion, TKT is a crucial enzyme involved in the pentose-phosphate pathway, which plays a central role in the regulation of immune responses and the synthesis of various biomolecules. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, and it has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases.

Disclaimer: This summary is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Transketolase

Genular Protein ID: 1778642813

Symbol: TKT_HUMAN

Name: Transketolase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P29401 A8K089 B4DE31 E7EPA7 Q8TBA3 Q96HH3

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8419340

Title: Cloning of human transketolase cDNAs and comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the coding region in Wernicke-Korsakoff and non-Wernicke-Korsakoff individuals.

PubMed ID: 8419340

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54089-8

PubMed ID: 9115179

Title: Molecular evolutionary analysis of the thiamine-diphosphate-dependent enzyme, transketolase.

PubMed ID: 9115179

DOI: 10.1007/pl00006179

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12665801

Title: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.

PubMed ID: 12665801

DOI: 10.1038/nbt810

PubMed ID: 1567394

Title: Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of a cDNA clone encoding part of human transketolase.

PubMed ID: 1567394

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80312-2

PubMed ID: 3248678

Title: Studies on the nature of thiamine pyrophosphate binding and dependency on divalent cations of transketolase from human erythrocytes.

PubMed ID: 3248678

DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(88)90228-5

PubMed ID: 15592455

Title: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 15592455

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1046

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27259054

Title: Mutations in TKT are the cause of a syndrome including short stature, developmental delay, and congenital heart defects.

PubMed ID: 27259054

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.030

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

PubMed ID: 20667822

Title: The crystal structure of human transketolase and new insights into its mode of action.

PubMed ID: 20667822

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.149955

Sequence Information:

Length: 623
Mass: 67878
Checksum: 176C89C02FD2712B
Sequence:

MESYHKPDQQ KLQALKDTAN RLRISSIQAT TAAGSGHPTS CCSAAEIMAV LFFHTMRYKS 
QDPRNPHNDR FVLSKGHAAP ILYAVWAEAG FLAEAELLNL RKISSDLDGH PVPKQAFTDV 
ATGSLGQGLG AACGMAYTGK YFDKASYRVY CLLGDGELSE GSVWEAMAFA SIYKLDNLVA 
ILDINRLGQS DPAPLQHQMD IYQKRCEAFG WHAIIVDGHS VEELCKAFGQ AKHQPTAIIA 
KTFKGRGITG VEDKESWHGK PLPKNMAEQI IQEIYSQIQS KKKILATPPQ EDAPSVDIAN 
IRMPSLPSYK VGDKIATRKA YGQALAKLGH ASDRIIALDG DTKNSTFSEI FKKEHPDRFI 
ECYIAEQNMV SIAVGCATRN RTVPFCSTFA AFFTRAFDQI RMAAISESNI NLCGSHCGVS 
IGEDGPSQMA LEDLAMFRSV PTSTVFYPSD GVATEKAVEL AANTKGICFI RTSRPENAII 
YNNNEDFQVG QAKVVLKSKD DQVTVIGAGV TLHEALAAAE LLKKEKINIR VLDPFTIKPL 
DRKLILDSAR ATKGRILTVE DHYYEGGIGE AVSSAVVGEP GITVTHLAVN RVPRSGKPAE 
LLKMFGIDRD AIAQAVRGLI TKA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.

Details for: TKT

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

Other Information

Cloning of human transketolase cDNAs and comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the coding region in Wernicke-Korsakoff and non-Wernicke-Korsakoff individuals. PubMed ID: 8419340

Molecular evolutionary analysis of the thiamine-diphosphate-dependent enzyme, transketolase. PubMed ID: 9115179

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. PubMed ID: 16641997

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. PubMed ID: 12665801

Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of a cDNA clone encoding part of human transketolase. PubMed ID: 1567394

Studies on the nature of thiamine pyrophosphate binding and dependency on divalent cations of transketolase from human erythrocytes. PubMed ID: 3248678

Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. PubMed ID: 15592455

A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. PubMed ID: 18669648

Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. PubMed ID: 19690332

Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. PubMed ID: 19608861

Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. PubMed ID: 20068231

Initial characterization of the human central proteome. PubMed ID: 21269460

N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB. PubMed ID: 22814378

Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 23186163

An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 24275569

N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. PubMed ID: 25944712

Mutations in TKT are the cause of a syndrome including short stature, developmental delay, and congenital heart defects. PubMed ID: 27259054

Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation. PubMed ID: 28112733

The crystal structure of human transketolase and new insights into its mode of action. PubMed ID: 20667822