Details for: TUBA4A

Gene ID: 7277

Symbol: TUBA4A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127824

Description: tubulin alpha 4a

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 150.6314
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 130.8136
    Cell Significance Index: -33.1800
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 83.5924
    Cell Significance Index: -33.9600
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 74.1468
    Cell Significance Index: -38.1400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 71.6657
    Cell Significance Index: -33.8400
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 50.2740
    Cell Significance Index: -33.7400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 36.7010
    Cell Significance Index: -35.0400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 25.4226
    Cell Significance Index: -31.3500
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 9.5846
    Cell Significance Index: 82.3600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 9.1650
    Cell Significance Index: -28.1500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 8.5845
    Cell Significance Index: -33.8800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 5.8271
    Cell Significance Index: -15.6100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 3.6052
    Cell Significance Index: 420.1500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 2.9149
    Cell Significance Index: 79.3400
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 2.8999
    Cell Significance Index: 46.7900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 2.8905
    Cell Significance Index: 84.8900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 2.4283
    Cell Significance Index: 59.2500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 2.1930
    Cell Significance Index: 29.9200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 2.1330
    Cell Significance Index: 111.9900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.6558
    Cell Significance Index: 195.2700
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 1.6554
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 1.6537
    Cell Significance Index: 77.7200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.5150
    Cell Significance Index: 90.9500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 1.2620
    Cell Significance Index: 58.8400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 1.1036
    Cell Significance Index: 487.9200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 1.0677
    Cell Significance Index: 68.8900
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 0.9684
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.8626
    Cell Significance Index: 59.6600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.7963
    Cell Significance Index: 159.7300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.7270
    Cell Significance Index: 131.0500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.7095
    Cell Significance Index: 32.1600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.6912
    Cell Significance Index: 85.0000
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.5390
    Cell Significance Index: 69.6300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.5225
    Cell Significance Index: 51.6900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.5153
    Cell Significance Index: 14.7100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.5031
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5000
  • Cell Name: centroblast (CL0009112)
    Fold Change: 0.4801
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.4681
    Cell Significance Index: 60.0100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.4550
    Cell Significance Index: 248.5100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.3772
    Cell Significance Index: 26.6800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.3753
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.3253
    Cell Significance Index: 16.9000
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 0.3229
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2528
    Cell Significance Index: 48.1200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1993
    Cell Significance Index: 71.4800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.1929
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.1923
    Cell Significance Index: 12.1200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.1825
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1000
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.1812
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.0941
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0865
    Cell Significance Index: 14.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8600
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0336
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0196
    Cell Significance Index: 36.9800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -32.0100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -28.6300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0233
    Cell Significance Index: -31.7200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: -21.7100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: -0.0388
    Cell Significance Index: -26.8700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: -21.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0610
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0998
    Cell Significance Index: -28.7300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1058
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.1462
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1543
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1590
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1851
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1897
    Cell Significance Index: -26.0500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1941
    Cell Significance Index: -28.2200
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.1980
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2515
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3202
    Cell Significance Index: -33.3400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.3393
    Cell Significance Index: -26.0400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3665
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.3811
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7100
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.3962
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.4255
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4300
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.4569
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.4642
    Cell Significance Index: -28.5300
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.4777
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8000
  • Cell Name: L5 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030064)
    Fold Change: -0.4993
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.5286
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.5298
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.5459
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0900
  • Cell Name: DN3 thymocyte (CL0000807)
    Fold Change: -0.5555
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.5623
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.5776
    Cell Significance Index: -35.4100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.5862
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.6120
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.6280
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0000
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: -0.6344
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.6398
    Cell Significance Index: -35.9100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** TUBA4A is a gene that encodes a 58-kDa protein, which is a subunit of microtubules. The protein is characterized by its ability to bind to tubulin and form microtubules, which are essential for various cellular processes. TUBA4A is highly expressed in immune cells, particularly in T cells and natural killer T cells, where it plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses. The gene is also expressed in other cell types, including epithelial cells and neurons, where it contributes to the formation and maintenance of microtubules. **Pathways and Functions** TUBA4A is involved in various cellular pathways, including: 1. **Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs**: TUBA4A is involved in the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which is a key pathway for glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. 2. **Activation of NMDA receptors and postsynaptic events**: TUBA4A is involved in the regulation of NMDA receptors, which are essential for synaptic plasticity and learning. 3. **Adaptive immune system**: TUBA4A is involved in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in T cells and natural killer T cells. 4. **Autophagy**: TUBA4A is involved in the regulation of autophagy, a process by which cells recycle damaged or dysfunctional components. 5. **Mitotic spindle formation**: TUBA4A is involved in the regulation of mitotic spindle formation, which is essential for cell division. **Clinical Significance** TUBA4A has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Autoimmune disorders**: TUBA4A has been implicated in autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 2. **Cancer**: TUBA4A has been implicated in cancer, particularly in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). 3. **Neurological disorders**: TUBA4A has been implicated in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Viral infections**: TUBA4A has been implicated in viral infections, such as HIV and herpes simplex virus. In conclusion, TUBA4A is a gene that encodes a subunit of microtubules, which plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including immune responses, cell division, and signaling. The gene is significantly expressed in immune cells and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. TUBA4A has been implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cancer, neurological disorders, and viral infections. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of TUBA4A in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2285122662

Symbol: TBA4A_HUMAN

Name: Tubulin alpha-4A chain

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3029670

Title: Alternative 5' exons either provide or deny an initiator methionine codon to the same alpha-tubulin coding region.

PubMed ID: 3029670

DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.1.199

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 14654843

Title: Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling.

PubMed ID: 14654843

DOI: 10.1038/nature02166

PubMed ID: 18088087

Title: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets.

PubMed ID: 18088087

DOI: 10.1021/pr0704130

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19524510

Title: Evolutionary divergence of enzymatic mechanisms for posttranslational polyglycylation.

PubMed ID: 19524510

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.020

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24906155

Title: Molecular basis for age-dependent microtubule acetylation by tubulin acetyltransferase.

PubMed ID: 24906155

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.061

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25374358

Title: Exome-wide rare variant analysis identifies TUBA4A mutations associated with familial ALS.

PubMed ID: 25374358

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.09.027

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 26875866

Title: Graded control of microtubule severing by tubulin glutamylation.

PubMed ID: 26875866

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.019

PubMed ID: 35482892

Title: Posttranslational modification of microtubules by the MATCAP detyrosinase.

PubMed ID: 35482892

DOI: 10.1126/science.abn6020

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 448
  • Mass: 49924
  • Checksum: C00ED90A183FE8F2
  • Sequence:
  • MRECISVHVG QAGVQMGNAC WELYCLEHGI QPDGQMPSDK TIGGGDDSFT TFFCETGAGK 
    HVPRAVFVDL EPTVIDEIRN GPYRQLFHPE QLITGKEDAA NNYARGHYTI GKEIIDPVLD 
    RIRKLSDQCT GLQGFLVFHS FGGGTGSGFT SLLMERLSVD YGKKSKLEFS IYPAPQVSTA 
    VVEPYNSILT THTTLEHSDC AFMVDNEAIY DICRRNLDIE RPTYTNLNRL ISQIVSSITA 
    SLRFDGALNV DLTEFQTNLV PYPRIHFPLA TYAPVISAEK AYHEQLSVAE ITNACFEPAN 
    QMVKCDPRHG KYMACCLLYR GDVVPKDVNA AIAAIKTKRS IQFVDWCPTG FKVGINYQPP 
    TVVPGGDLAK VQRAVCMLSN TTAIAEAWAR LDHKFDLMYA KRAFVHWYVG EGMEEGEFSE 
    AREDMAALEK DYEEVGIDSY EDEDEGEE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.