Details for: TYMS

Gene ID: 7298

Symbol: TYMS

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000176890

Description: thymidylate synthetase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: basophilic erythroblast (CL0000549)
    Fold Change: 49.4723
    Cell Significance Index: 22.5300
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 40.8062
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8100
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 36.1840
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 32.1712
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1600
  • Cell Name: colon endothelial cell (CL1001572)
    Fold Change: 11.5760
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 9.2299
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 6.3908
    Cell Significance Index: -17.1200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 3.8367
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 3.6739
    Cell Significance Index: 39.9400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 3.2436
    Cell Significance Index: 320.8700
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 2.6801
    Cell Significance Index: 17.7800
  • Cell Name: sensory neuron (CL0000101)
    Fold Change: 2.6389
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 2.4986
    Cell Significance Index: 86.8300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 2.1403
    Cell Significance Index: 63.0400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 2.1190
    Cell Significance Index: 249.9000
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: 1.9519
    Cell Significance Index: 12.4600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.7087
    Cell Significance Index: 102.5800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 1.7046
    Cell Significance Index: 35.6800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.6134
    Cell Significance Index: 262.4100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 1.5982
    Cell Significance Index: 186.2600
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte progenitor cell (CL0000553)
    Fold Change: 1.3772
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.8240
    Cell Significance Index: 163.5200
  • Cell Name: fetal cardiomyocyte (CL0002495)
    Fold Change: 0.8235
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.8068
    Cell Significance Index: 25.8400
  • Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
    Fold Change: 0.7937
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.6244
    Cell Significance Index: 40.2900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.5666
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.5339
    Cell Significance Index: 29.9600
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.5288
    Cell Significance Index: 14.1200
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 0.4981
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2800
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.4056
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.4021
    Cell Significance Index: 219.6000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.3919
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.3327
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2904
    Cell Significance Index: 262.1900
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.2429
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2381
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2173
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0300
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 0.2110
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9600
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.2079
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2046
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.1944
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1789
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1694
    Cell Significance Index: 20.8300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.1629
    Cell Significance Index: 72.0000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1456
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1228
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1205
    Cell Significance Index: 22.9300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0840
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0551
    Cell Significance Index: 38.1400
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) (CL0000338)
    Fold Change: 0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: 62.9200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0301
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1400
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0257
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2900
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0238
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1500
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0380
    Cell Significance Index: -13.6300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0404
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0618
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0647
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0878
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0926
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0935
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9700
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: -0.0996
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1227
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1286
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1360
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1698
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0300
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.1797
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1817
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1857
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1950
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1958
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1962
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.2043
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4700
  • Cell Name: salivary gland cell (CL0009005)
    Fold Change: -0.2046
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.2116
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2129
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2382
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.2412
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: -0.2535
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.2646
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2668
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4400
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.2958
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.3253
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Enzyme function**: TYMS catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to thymidine monophosphate (dTMP), a necessary step in DNA synthesis. 2. **Regulatory mechanisms**: TYMS is regulated by various factors, including methylation, phosphorylation, and post-translational modifications, which can either activate or inhibit its activity. 3. **Substrate specificity**: TYMS has a high affinity for dUMP, but its activity can be inhibited by certain compounds, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic agent. 4. **Cellular localization**: TYMS is primarily localized in the cytosol, but it can also be found in the nucleus and mitochondria, where it plays distinct roles in DNA synthesis and repair. **Pathways and Functions** TYMS is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **DNA biosynthesis**: TYMS is essential for the de novo synthesis of thymidine, which is required for DNA replication and repair. 2. **Cell cycle regulation**: TYMS is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, particularly during the G1/S transition, where it ensures the proper synthesis of DNA. 3. **Apoptosis regulation**: TYMS has been shown to regulate apoptosis (programmed cell death) by modulating the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. 4. **Immune response**: TYMS is expressed in immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, where it plays a crucial role in their development and function. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Cancer therapy**: TYMS is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, and lung cancer. Its inhibition has been shown to be effective in reducing tumor growth and improving patient outcomes. 2. **Neurological disorders**: TYMS has been implicated in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where its dysregulation can contribute to disease progression. 3. **Immunodeficiency**: TYMS deficiency has been linked to immunodeficiency disorders, such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), where its absence can lead to impaired immune function. 4. **Toxicity**: TYMS can be used as a biomarker to monitor the toxicity of certain chemicals, such as 5-FU, which can cause damage to the nervous system. In conclusion, TYMS is a critical enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and repair, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and immunodeficiency. Further research on TYMS is necessary to fully understand its role in human health and disease, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

Genular Protein ID: 633408637

Symbol: TYSY_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P04818 Q8WYK3 Q8WYK4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 12 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 DrugBank 22 DrugCentral 1 EC 1 EMBL 12 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 32 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HAMAP 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 MoonProt 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 61 PDBsum 61 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 Rhea 2 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2987839

Title: Nucleotide sequence of a functional cDNA for human thymidylate synthase.

PubMed ID: 2987839

DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.6.2035

PubMed ID: 2243092

Title: Structural and functional analysis of the human thymidylate synthase gene.

PubMed ID: 2243092

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30501-x

PubMed ID: 12706868

Title: Differential alternative splicing expressions of thymidylate synthase isoforms.

PubMed ID: 12706868

DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00005-3

PubMed ID: 16177791

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18.

PubMed ID: 16177791

DOI: 10.1038/nature03983

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2532645

Title: Human thymidylate synthase gene: isolation of phage clones which cover a functionally active gene and structural analysis of the region upstream from the translation initiation codon.

PubMed ID: 2532645

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122898

PubMed ID: 3839505

Title: Purification and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of human thymidylate synthase in an overproducing transformant of mouse FM3A cells.

PubMed ID: 3839505

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135125

PubMed ID: 2656695

Title: Expression of human thymidylate synthase in Escherichia coli.

PubMed ID: 2656695

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60506-x

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21876188

Title: Identification of a de novo thymidylate biosynthesis pathway in mammalian mitochondria.

PubMed ID: 21876188

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103623108

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

PubMed ID: 8845352

Title: Crystal structure of human thymidylate synthase: a structural mechanism for guiding substrates into the active site.

PubMed ID: 8845352

DOI: 10.1021/bi00050a007

PubMed ID: 11329255

Title: Human thymidylate synthase is in the closed conformation when complexed with dUMP and raltitrexed, an antifolate drug.

PubMed ID: 11329255

DOI: 10.1021/bi002413i

PubMed ID: 11278511

Title: Structure of human thymidylate synthase suggests advantages of chemotherapy with noncompetitive inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 11278511

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009493200

PubMed ID: 35931051

Title: Germline thymidylate synthase deficiency impacts nucleotide metabolism and causes dyskeratosis congenita.

PubMed ID: 35931051

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.06.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 313
  • Mass: 35716
  • Checksum: 148D377F19915B6A
  • Sequence:
    • MPVAGSELPR RPLPPAAQER DAEPRPPHGE LQYLGQIQHI LRCGVRKDDR TGTGTLSVFG 
MQARYSLRDE FPLLTTKRVF WKGVLEELLW FIKGSTNAKE LSSKGVKIWD ANGSRDFLDS 
LGFSTREEGD LGPVYGFQWR HFGAEYRDME SDYSGQGVDQ LQRVIDTIKT NPDDRRIIMC 
AWNPRDLPLM ALPPCHALCQ FYVVNSELSC QLYQRSGDMG LGVPFNIASY ALLTYMIAHI 
TGLKPGDFIH TLGDAHIYLN HIEPLKIQLQ REPRPFPKLR ILRKVEKIDD FKAEDFQIEG 
YNPHPTIKME MAV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.