Details for: PNPLA4

Gene ID: 8228

Symbol: PNPLA4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000006757

Description: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 104.9213
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 63.8298
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1900
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 28.4193
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0700
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 16.2138
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 15.2479
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8000
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 6.2340
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 4.9036
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3500
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.4328
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 1.4303
    Cell Significance Index: 166.6900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.4258
    Cell Significance Index: 85.6000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.2769
    Cell Significance Index: 66.3300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.1439
    Cell Significance Index: 113.1600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.0388
    Cell Significance Index: 937.9600
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.9990
    Cell Significance Index: 23.0800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.8323
    Cell Significance Index: 454.5200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.7908
    Cell Significance Index: 36.8700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.7133
    Cell Significance Index: 44.9600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.7095
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.6966
    Cell Significance Index: 113.3000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.6235
    Cell Significance Index: 44.1000
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: 0.5864
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2300
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5530
    Cell Significance Index: 38.2400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.5326
    Cell Significance Index: 24.1400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.5254
    Cell Significance Index: 72.1500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.4491
    Cell Significance Index: 198.5500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.4103
    Cell Significance Index: 30.5800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.3997
    Cell Significance Index: 49.1500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3686
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.3598
    Cell Significance Index: 64.8600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.3531
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.3137
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2500
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.2988
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2642
    Cell Significance Index: 50.2800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2409
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.2164
    Cell Significance Index: 27.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.2067
    Cell Significance Index: 35.3000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.1963
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8200
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.1683
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.1483
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1449
    Cell Significance Index: 18.5700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.1221
    Cell Significance Index: 14.4000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1055
    Cell Significance Index: 21.1700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0871
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7900
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.0789
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0639
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0606
    Cell Significance Index: 12.0300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.0478
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0433
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5200
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0377
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: 27.3200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0276
    Cell Significance Index: 19.1200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0257
    Cell Significance Index: 19.4200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -16.6100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3000
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0153
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0175
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: -0.0316
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0339
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0390
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4700
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0403
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1300
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.0498
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0562
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0596
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0734
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1039
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8700
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.1260
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.1297
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1424
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9300
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.1471
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1602
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1730
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1851
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.1893
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.1896
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1973
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2144
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.2172
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9000
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2181
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2263
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2463
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2478
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2509
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1000
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: -0.2588
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2641
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.2717
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9800
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.2799
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2847
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.3253
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzymatic Activities:** PNPLA4 possesses a range of enzymatic activities, including acylglycerol o-acyltransferase, all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, and mono-olein transacylation activity, which suggest its versatility in lipid metabolism. 2. **Subcellular Localization:** PNPLA4 is predominantly localized in the cytosol and lipid droplets, indicating its involvement in lipid droplet formation and regulation. 3. **Cellular Expression:** This gene is expressed in various cell types, including neural progenitor cells, extravillous trophoblasts, and immune cells, highlighting its broad functional significance. 4. **Protein Structure:** The PNPLA4 protein contains a patatin-like phospholipase domain, which is characteristic of this enzyme family. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Lipid Metabolism:** PNPLA4 is involved in regulating lipid droplet formation, lipid homeostasis, and triglyceride metabolism, which are critical processes in energy storage and utilization. 2. **Retinoid Metabolic Processes:** This enzyme is also implicated in retinoid metabolic processes, including all-trans-retinol formation and all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolysis, highlighting its potential role in retinoid homeostasis. 3. **Immune Function:** PNPLA4 has been shown to be expressed in immune cells, suggesting its involvement in immune regulation and potentially in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. 4. **Metabolic Disorders:** The involvement of PNPLA4 in lipid metabolism and triglyceride regulation has sparked interest in its potential role in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Obesity and Metabolic Disorders:** The involvement of PNPLA4 in lipid metabolism and triglyceride regulation suggests its potential role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. 2. **Retinoid Disorders:** The enzyme's involvement in retinoid metabolic processes highlights its potential role in the pathogenesis of retinoid disorders, such as retinitis pigmentosa. 3. **Autoimmune Diseases:** The expression of PNPLA4 in immune cells suggests its potential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. 4. **Cancer:** The involvement of PNPLA4 in lipid metabolism and triglyceride regulation has sparked interest in its potential role in cancer development and progression. In conclusion, PNPLA4 is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including lipid metabolism, retinoid homeostasis, and immune function. Its involvement in metabolic disorders, retinoid disorders, and autoimmune diseases highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these conditions. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which PNPLA4 regulates these processes and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Genular Protein ID: 1750800525

Symbol: PLPL4_HUMAN

Name: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P41247 A8K1H3 B4E362 Q8WW83

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 70 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 2 EMBL 12 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 14 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 4 Rhea 32 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7806223

Title: Isolation of a new gene GS2 (DXS1283E) from a CpG island between STS and KAL1 on Xp22.3.

PubMed ID: 7806223

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1397

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15772651

Title: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

PubMed ID: 15772651

DOI: 10.1038/nature03440

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15364929

Title: Identification, cloning, expression, and purification of three novel human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 family members possessing triacylglycerol lipase and acylglycerol transacylase activities.

PubMed ID: 15364929

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407841200

PubMed ID: 16150821

Title: Expression, regulation, and triglyceride hydrolase activity of Adiponutrin family members.

PubMed ID: 16150821

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m500290-jlr200

PubMed ID: 17603008

Title: A comparative study of human GS2, its paralogues, and its rat orthologue.

PubMed ID: 17603008

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.089

PubMed ID: 26741492

Title: A comprehensive genomic analysis reveals the genetic landscape of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiencies.

PubMed ID: 26741492

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005679

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 253
  • Mass: 27980
  • Checksum: 6FFA94F460BA03AC
  • Sequence:
    • MKHINLSFAA CGFLGIYHLG AASALCRHGK KLVKDVKAFA GASAGSLVAS VLLTAPEKIE 
ECNQFTYKFA EEIRRQSFGA VTPGYDFMAR LRSGMESILP PSAHELAQNR LHVSITNAKT 
RENHLVSTFS SREDLIKVLL ASSFVPIYAG LKLVEYKGQK WVDGGLTNAL PILPVGRTVT 
ISPFSGRLDI SPQDKGQLDL YVNIAKQDIM LSLANLVRLN QALFPPSKRK MESLYQCGFD 
DTVKFLLKEN WFE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.