Details for: PSMG1

Gene ID: 8624

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PSMG1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183527

Description: proteasome assembly chaperone 1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 13.91
    rCSI 12.56%
    PRS 80.73
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 8.68
    rCSI 8.93%
    PRS 92.14
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 7.96
    rCSI 12.3%
    PRS 81.47
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 6.57
    rCSI 28.91%
    PRS 70.92
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 6.11
    rCSI 4.74%
    PRS 85.97
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 5.27
    rCSI 5.08%
    PRS 76.41
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 4.87
    rCSI 11.05%
    PRS 82.57
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 4.83
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 83.26
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 6.38%
    PRS 86.66
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 5.86%
    PRS 87.15
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 4.51
    rCSI 25.88%
    PRS 86.83
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 4.33
    rCSI 3.29%
    PRS 93.43
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 4.05
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 85.88
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.75
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 81.73
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 3.32
    rCSI 17.92%
    PRS 87.6
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 3.26
    rCSI 2.16%
    PRS 84.89
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 5.81%
    PRS 76.03
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 3.15
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 84.52
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 3.09
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 86.88
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 3.02
    rCSI 4.41%
    PRS 87.05
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 4.35%
    PRS 85.9
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 4.37%
    PRS 81.96
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 4.45%
    PRS 77.25
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 2.69%
    PRS 93.75
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 3.93%
    PRS 87.43
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 2.69
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 80.25
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 4.09%
    PRS 71.44
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 88.19
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 84.58
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.62
    rCSI 2.17%
    PRS 84.45
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 83.84
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.06%
    PRS 72.07
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 2.23%
    PRS 86.14
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.56
    rCSI 4.06%
    PRS 89.89
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 80.62
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 2.22%
    PRS 87.18
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 76.22
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 2.61%
    PRS 79.9
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 3.96%
    PRS 75.89
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 2.97%
    PRS 80.52
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 2.26%
    PRS 83.88
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 74.72
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 2.37
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 80.83
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 2.35
    rCSI 2.76%
    PRS 83.86
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 2.21
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 83.38
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 3.19%
    PRS 90.6
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 75.02
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 2.14
    rCSI 5.67%
    PRS 86.98
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 1.86%
    PRS 72.06
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 77.23
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 2.11%
    PRS 80.04
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 4.86%
    PRS 93.23
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 2.87%
    PRS 88.15
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 80.62
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.89%
    PRS 79.18
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 80.79
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 78.56
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 81.84
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 81.93
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 89.84
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 88.07
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 5.08%
    PRS 86.75
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 1.75
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 88.97
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.74
    rCSI 2.16%
    PRS 63.04
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 1.73
    rCSI 1.98%
    PRS 91.3
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 91.69
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 1.32%
    PRS 81.89
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.49
    rCSI 2.63%
    PRS 64.67
  • erythroid lineage cell CL0000764
    CSI 1.37
    rCSI 8.83%
    PRS 89.67
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 1.35
    rCSI 4.75%
    PRS 89.35
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 2.15%
    PRS 87.62
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 1.25
    rCSI 1.91%
    PRS 89.5
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 1.22
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 86.74
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.16
    rCSI 2.26%
    PRS 85.26
  • basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028
    CSI 1.12
    rCSI 5.97%
    PRS 95.81
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1
    rCSI 2.22%
    PRS 81.83
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 0.78
    rCSI 5.87%
    PRS 90.53
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 0.74
    rCSI 3.82%
    PRS 94.4
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.63
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 66.83
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.62
    rCSI 2.77%
    PRS 82.98
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 0.57
    rCSI 16.97%
    PRS 91.18
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 0.42
    rCSI 5.56%
    PRS 95.2
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 0.31
    rCSI 5.67%
    PRS 95.64

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) (Proteasome Assembly Chaperone 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 21 that plays a fundamental role in cellular protein homeostasis. As its name suggests, [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) functions as a crucial molecular chaperone involved in the assembly of the 20S proteasome core complex, a key component of the cell's machinery for protein degradation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04106)). Expression data indicates that [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) is a highly significant gene in rapidly proliferating and differentiating cells, particularly within the hematopoietic system, where it is a top marker for [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) and [hematopoietic precursor cell](/details-cell/CL0008001). Its broad role in maintaining proteostasis is essential for the high metabolic demands of these cell types. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) highlights its importance in cells undergoing significant proliferation, differentiation, or high levels of protein turnover. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in progenitor and precursor cell populations. It is the top-ranked gene in [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 13.91) and is also highly significant in [hematopoietic precursor cell](/details-cell/CL0008001), [neural progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0011020), [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034), and [erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000038). This pattern strongly suggests that robust proteasome assembly, facilitated by [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624), is a prerequisite for lineage commitment and expansion in diverse developmental systems. Beyond progenitor cells, [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) is also prominent in metabolically active, specialized cell types. For instance, its high significance in [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) and various [secretory cell](/details-cell/CL0000151) types is consistent with a role in supporting high rates of protein synthesis and quality control. Furthermore, its notable expression in immune cells, such as [effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0001050) and [plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001058), indicates its role in maintaining cellular function during immune responses, which involves rapid proliferation and protein production. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The function of [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) is well-defined within the context of protein metabolism. Gene Ontology annotations confirm its central role in [Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly (GO:0051131)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051131), and more specifically, [Proteasome core complex assembly (GO:0080129)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0080129). It acts as a molecular adaptor and exhibits [Proteasome binding (GO:0070628)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070628) activity. Research has shown that [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) forms a heterodimeric complex that orchestrates the assembly of the 20S proteasome, a critical step in cellular protein degradation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04106); [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.025)). This is reflected in its association with the Reactome pathway for [Proteasome assembly (R-HSA-9907900)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9907900). Its subcellular localization within the [cytoplasm](/details-cell/GO0005737), [nucleus](/details-cell/GO0005634), and [endoplasmic reticulum](/details-cell/GO0005783) aligns with its function in overseeing the assembly of a major cellular machinery required throughout the cell. The high demand for proteasome activity in the top-expressing cell types, such as hematopoietic progenitors, is directly supported by the essential chaperone function of [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624). ## Research Directions Given that [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) is located on chromosome 21 and has been identified as a Down syndrome critical region protein ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2726)), its role in developmental processes and pathologies associated with aneuploidy warrants further investigation. The gene's fundamental role in proteasome assembly also makes it a point of interest for diseases characterized by proteotoxic stress, including cancer and neurodegeneration. **Testable Hypotheses:** 1. **Impaired Hematopoiesis:** Given its top significance in [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) and other hematopoietic precursors, loss-of-function of [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) will selectively impair the differentiation and maturation of the erythroid and megakaryocyte lineages, leading to anemia and thrombocytopenia. 2. **Cancer Cell Dependency:** Cancers with high rates of proliferation and protein turnover, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), may exhibit a heightened dependency on [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) for proteasome biogenesis to cope with proteotoxic stress. Therefore, inhibiting [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) could be selectively cytotoxic to these malignant cells. **Proposed Experiment:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) in hematopoiesis, one could perform a targeted knockdown of the gene in primary human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) using lentiviral-delivered shRNA or CRISPRi. These modified HSPCs would then be cultured in vitro in methylcellulose-based colony-forming unit (CFU) assays with appropriate cytokines to induce differentiation. The resulting colonies (e.g., BFU-E for erythroid, CFU-Mk for megakaryocyte, and CFU-GM for granulocyte-macrophage) would be quantified and morphologically assessed after 14 days. A significant reduction in the number and/or size of BFU-E and CFU-Mk colonies compared to control cells would confirm a critical role for [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) in these specific hematopoietic lineages. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an intracellular chaperone essential for proteasome assembly, [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) represents a potential therapeutic target for inhibition, not activation. Targeting proteasome assembly offers an alternative strategy to direct proteasome inhibition, a clinically validated approach in cancers like multiple myeloma. A small molecule inhibitor of [PSMG1](/details-gene/8624) could be particularly effective in malignancies that are highly dependent on a robust proteasome system. However, its high significance in normal progenitor cells, especially in the hematopoietic system, suggests that systemic inhibition could lead to significant on-target toxicities, such as myelosuppression. Therefore, any therapeutic strategy would need to consider a favorable therapeutic window or a targeted delivery mechanism.

Genular Protein ID: 3222972872

Symbol: PSMG1_HUMAN

Name: Chromosome 21 leucine-rich protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O95456 B5BUN2 Q6FHA3 Q6FHD3 Q6S713

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ComplexPortal 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 13 EMDB 6 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 12 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 6 PDBsum 6 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9784380

Title: Identification and characterization of a new gene from human chromosome 21 between markers D21S343 and D21S268 encoding a leucine-rich protein.

PubMed ID: 9784380

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9352

PubMed ID: 19054851

Title: Human protein factory for converting the transcriptome into an in vitro-expressed proteome.

PubMed ID: 19054851

DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1273

PubMed ID: 10830953

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21.

PubMed ID: 10830953

DOI: 10.1038/35012518

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10872820

Title: Down syndrome critical region gene 2: expression during mouse development and in human cell lines indicates a function related to cell proliferation.

PubMed ID: 10872820

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2726

PubMed ID: 15590417

Title: DSCR2, a Down syndrome critical region protein, is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells.

PubMed ID: 15590417

PubMed ID: 15670775

Title: Molecular and cellular characterization of the Down syndrome critical region protein 2.

PubMed ID: 15670775

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.226

PubMed ID: 16251969

Title: A heterodimeric complex that promotes the assembly of mammalian 20S proteasomes.

PubMed ID: 16251969

DOI: 10.1038/nature04106

PubMed ID: 17707236

Title: 20S proteasome assembly is orchestrated by two distinct pairs of chaperones in yeast and in mammals.

PubMed ID: 17707236

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.025

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23495936

Title: Molecular architecture and assembly of the eukaryotic proteasome.

PubMed ID: 23495936

DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060410-150257

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 288
  • Mass: 32854
  • Checksum: 2D4A84485C290839
  • Sequence:
    • MAATFFGEVV KAPCRAGTED EEEEEEGRRE TPEDREVRLQ LARKREVRLL RRQTKTSLEV 
SLLEKYPCSK FIIAIGNNAV AFLSSFVMNS GVWEEVGCAK LWNEWCRTTD TTHLSSTEAF 
CVFYHLKSNP SVFLCQCSCY VAEDQQYQWL EKVFGSCPRK NMQITILTCR HVTDYKTSES 
TGSLPSPFLR ALKTQNFKDS ACCPLLEQPN IVHDLPAAVL SYCQVWKIPA ILYLCYTDVM 
KLDLITVEAF KPILSTRSLK GLVKNIPQST EILKKLMTTN EIQSNIYT