Details for: DHODH

Gene ID: 1723

Symbol: DHODH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102967

Description: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 54.4536
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4700
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 33.1174
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 21.9646
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3700
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 21.5627
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7600
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 9.2905
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 7.9159
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 3.7852
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 2.5367
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0100
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.7988
    Cell Significance Index: 30.3000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.3347
    Cell Significance Index: 254.0000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.8818
    Cell Significance Index: 52.9400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.6753
    Cell Significance Index: 73.4600
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.6270
    Cell Significance Index: 10.0600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5074
    Cell Significance Index: 458.1400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4869
    Cell Significance Index: 79.2000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4496
    Cell Significance Index: 89.2300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.3798
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7300
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3123
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6000
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.2968
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.2617
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.2208
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2086
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.1991
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4200
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 0.1982
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1726
    Cell Significance Index: 20.1100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1629
    Cell Significance Index: 16.1100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.1411
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1388
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.1388
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.1356
    Cell Significance Index: 8.7500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1353
    Cell Significance Index: 27.1500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.1340
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.1277
    Cell Significance Index: 17.5300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.0987
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0905
    Cell Significance Index: 49.4100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0825
    Cell Significance Index: 36.4900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0792
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0777
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0740
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0700
    Cell Significance Index: 12.6300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0689
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0627
    Cell Significance Index: 22.4800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0496
    Cell Significance Index: 6.1000
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: 0.0356
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0295
    Cell Significance Index: 20.3800
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.0238
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0089
    Cell Significance Index: 13.7700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: 12.1300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3100
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9400
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7700
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0228
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0285
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0307
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0356
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0376
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0537
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0608
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0704
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0742
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0805
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0837
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0884
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1011
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1040
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.1219
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.1255
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9000
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.1291
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.1551
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1713
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.1788
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2500
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.1956
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2207
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.2220
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.2247
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Mitochondrial localization**: DHODH is predominantly found in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate. 2. **Enzyme activity**: DHODH exhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activities, indicating its ability to facilitate the transfer of electrons during the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. 3. **Substrate specificity**: DHODH has a high affinity for dihydroorotate, allowing it to efficiently catalyze the conversion of this intermediate to orotate. 4. **Cellular distribution**: DHODH is expressed in various cell types, including hepatocytes, GABAergic interneurons, and intestinal epithelial cells, highlighting its importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Pyrimidine biosynthesis**: DHODH is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, responsible for converting dihydroorotate to orotate, a necessary step for the production of pyrimidine nucleotides. 2. **Ump biosynthesis**: DHODH also participates in the biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate (UMP), a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. 3. **Metabolic regulation**: DHODH plays a regulatory role in metabolism, influencing the availability of pyrimidine nucleotides and their incorporation into nucleic acids. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **AIDS and immunodeficiency**: DHODH deficiency has been linked to severe immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to infections, highlighting the enzyme's critical role in maintaining immune function. 2. **Neurological disorders**: Abnormalities in DHODH expression have been observed in neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and schizophrenia, suggesting a potential link between DHODH dysfunction and these conditions. 3. **Cancer**: DHODH has been implicated in cancer development, with elevated expression levels observed in certain types of tumors, such as lymphoma and leukemia. 4. **Metabolic disorders**: DHODH plays a role in regulating metabolic pathways, including those involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, underscoring its potential importance in the development of metabolic disorders. In conclusion, DHODH is a critical enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating metabolic processes. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including immunodeficiency, neurological disorders, and cancer, highlighting the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying DHODH function and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 2024312461

Symbol: PYRD_HUMAN

Name: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q02127 A8K8C8 Q6P176

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 14 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 26 DrugCentral 1 EC 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 11 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 85 PDBsum 85 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1446837

Title: Cloning and sequencing of a human cDNA coding for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by complementation of the corresponding yeast mutant.

PubMed ID: 1446837

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90150-n

PubMed ID: 7487077

Title: Recombinant human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: expression, purification, and characterization of a catalytically functional truncated enzyme.

PubMed ID: 7487077

DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1995.0012

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8925840

Title: Functional expression of a fragment of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by means of the baculovirus expression vector system, and kinetic investigation of the purified recombinant enzyme.

PubMed ID: 8925840

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0292h.x

PubMed ID: 10727948

Title: Requirements for the mitochondrial import and localization of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 10727948

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01213.x

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 10673429

Title: Structures of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in complex with antiproliferative agents.

PubMed ID: 10673429

DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00077-0

PubMed ID: 16480261

Title: Dual binding mode of a novel series of DHODH inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 16480261

DOI: 10.1021/jm0506975

PubMed ID: 19915526

Title: Exome sequencing identifies the cause of a Mendelian disorder.

PubMed ID: 19915526

DOI: 10.1038/ng.499

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 395
  • Mass: 42867
  • Checksum: 072C3169E78C6440
  • Sequence:
    • MAWRHLKKRA QDAVIILGGG GLLFASYLMA TGDERFYAEH LMPTLQGLLD PESAHRLAVR 
FTSLGLLPRA RFQDSDMLEV RVLGHKFRNP VGIAAGFDKH GEAVDGLYKM GFGFVEIGSV 
TPKPQEGNPR PRVFRLPEDQ AVINRYGFNS HGLSVVEHRL RARQQKQAKL TEDGLPLGVN 
LGKNKTSVDA AEDYAEGVRV LGPLADYLVV NVSSPNTAGL RSLQGKAELR RLLTKVLQER 
DGLRRVHRPA VLVKIAPDLT SQDKEDIASV VKELGIDGLI VTNTTVSRPA GLQGALRSET 
GGLSGKPLRD LSTQTIREMY ALTQGRVPII GVGGVSSGQD ALEKIRAGAS LVQLYTALTF 
WGPPVVGKVK RELEALLKEQ GFGGVTDAIG ADHRR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.