Details for: DPYD

Gene ID: 1806

Symbol: DPYD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000188641

Description: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 418.3992
    Cell Significance Index: -65.0800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 252.0468
    Cell Significance Index: -63.9300
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 128.3670
    Cell Significance Index: -52.1500
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 115.3610
    Cell Significance Index: -59.3400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 54.6954
    Cell Significance Index: -52.2200
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 53.0595
    Cell Significance Index: -65.4200
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 29.5670
    Cell Significance Index: -64.7100
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 22.4536
    Cell Significance Index: -60.1500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 22.2240
    Cell Significance Index: -68.2600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 16.6749
    Cell Significance Index: -65.8000
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 8.8645
    Cell Significance Index: 173.0100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 4.4914
    Cell Significance Index: 125.5200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 4.1264
    Cell Significance Index: 277.4600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 3.9153
    Cell Significance Index: 111.7300
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 2.9298
    Cell Significance Index: 44.1500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 2.8389
    Cell Significance Index: 125.5700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 2.6801
    Cell Significance Index: 101.4900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 2.1796
    Cell Significance Index: 432.5500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 2.1554
    Cell Significance Index: 53.8800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 2.1492
    Cell Significance Index: 431.1300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 2.1260
    Cell Significance Index: 163.1500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 2.0265
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: 1.9388
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 1.9305
    Cell Significance Index: 13.0800
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.7904
    Cell Significance Index: 25.7500
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.7833
    Cell Significance Index: 30.0400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 1.5028
    Cell Significance Index: 84.3300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 1.2238
    Cell Significance Index: 2304.3000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.9055
    Cell Significance Index: 324.7700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.8712
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.8213
    Cell Significance Index: 568.0400
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.7786
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.7476
    Cell Significance Index: 474.8200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.5414
    Cell Significance Index: 58.8900
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 0.3979
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0100
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.3799
    Cell Significance Index: 22.8100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3575
    Cell Significance Index: 58.1500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3113
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.2880
    Cell Significance Index: 130.7300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.2509
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2481
    Cell Significance Index: 47.2100
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2342
    Cell Significance Index: 211.4600
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.2198
    Cell Significance Index: 405.3000
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1557
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0940
    Cell Significance Index: 144.6400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0847
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4200
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0837
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0728
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0643
    Cell Significance Index: 87.3900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0249
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4900
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: -31.4900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0492
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: -29.1900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0585
    Cell Significance Index: -43.3200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0685
    Cell Significance Index: -50.2200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0777
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0823
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.1124
    Cell Significance Index: -70.1700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.1128
    Cell Significance Index: -63.6300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1441
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1476
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1750
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.1777
    Cell Significance Index: -30.3400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1859
    Cell Significance Index: -53.5000
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.2463
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0100
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.2968
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.3139
    Cell Significance Index: -66.1100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.3192
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9200
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: -0.3651
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.3705
    Cell Significance Index: -43.6900
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: -0.3814
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.3961
    Cell Significance Index: -51.1700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.4006
    Cell Significance Index: -46.6900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.4238
    Cell Significance Index: -26.0500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.4379
    Cell Significance Index: -56.1400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.4480
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8900
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: -0.5199
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.5631
    Cell Significance Index: -64.5100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.6200
    Cell Significance Index: -20.3000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.6898
    Cell Significance Index: -44.5000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.6939
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.6960
    Cell Significance Index: -51.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.6970
    Cell Significance Index: -55.2000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.7812
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.8014
    Cell Significance Index: -56.6800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.8318
    Cell Significance Index: -43.2100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.8405
    Cell Significance Index: -43.7800
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.9463
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -1.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8300
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: -1.0325
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -1.1359
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -1.1365
    Cell Significance Index: -59.6700
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -1.1417
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -1.1641
    Cell Significance Index: -73.3700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -1.1712
    Cell Significance Index: -41.0300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -1.2115
    Cell Significance Index: -35.5800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -1.3124
    Cell Significance Index: -37.6200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** DPYD is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of thymine and uracil to their corresponding catabolic products. It is a homodimeric protein, consisting of two identical subunits, and is characterized by its high specificity for thymine and uracil. DPYD is also known to be involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and survival, particularly in the context of cancer. Its expression is tissue-specific, with highest levels observed in the liver, kidney, and brain. **Pathways and Functions** DPYD is integral to several metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Pyrimidine catabolism**: DPYD is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of thymine and uracil, converting them into their corresponding catabolic products, thymine and uracil, respectively. 2. **Nucleotide metabolism**: DPYD plays a critical role in the regulation of nucleotide metabolism, influencing the availability of thymine and uracil for DNA synthesis and repair. 3. **Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) metabolism**: DPYD is involved in the regulation of FAD metabolism, a crucial process in energy production and redox balance. In addition to its metabolic functions, DPYD has been implicated in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Cell growth and differentiation**: DPYD regulates cell growth and differentiation, particularly in the context of cancer. 2. **Apoptosis**: DPYD has been shown to influence apoptosis (programmed cell death), with dysregulation leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenesis. 3. **Neuroprotection**: DPYD has been implicated in neuroprotection, with its dysregulation contributing to neurodegenerative disorders. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of DPYD has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: DPYD is overexpressed in several types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, and lung cancer, contributing to tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. 2. **Neurodegenerative disorders**: DPYD dysregulation has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). 3. **Metabolic disorders**: DPYD is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and its dysregulation has been implicated in metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. 4. **Therapeutic applications**: DPYD inhibitors have been explored as potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment, neuroprotection, and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, DPYD is a critical enzyme involved in the catabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides and has a wide range of implications in human health and disease. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms of DPYD dysregulation and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 13778501

Symbol: DPYD_HUMAN

Name: Dihydrothymine dehydrogenase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8083224

Title: cDNA cloning and chromosome mapping of human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme associated with 5-fluorouracil toxicity and congenital thymine uraciluria.

PubMed ID: 8083224

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31638-1

PubMed ID: 9135003

Title: Structural organization of the human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene.

PubMed ID: 9135003

PubMed ID: 9464498

Title: Suicidal inactivation of human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase by (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil derived from the antiviral, sorivudine.

PubMed ID: 9464498

DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00377-7

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8892022

Title: A point mutation in an invariant splice donor site leads to exon skipping in two unrelated Dutch patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 8892022

DOI: 10.1007/bf01799841

PubMed ID: 9170156

Title: Lack of correlation between phenotype and genotype for the polymorphically expressed dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in a family of Pakistani origin.

PubMed ID: 9170156

DOI: 10.1097/00008571-199704000-00012

PubMed ID: 1512248

Title: Purification and characterization of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase from human liver.

PubMed ID: 1512248

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41899-6

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 9439663

Title: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency: identification and expression of missense mutations C29R, R886H and R235W.

PubMed ID: 9439663

DOI: 10.1007/s004390050637

PubMed ID: 9266349

Title: Identification of novel point mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene.

PubMed ID: 9266349

DOI: 10.1023/a:1005357307122

PubMed ID: 9472650

Title: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase pharmacogenetics in patients with colorectal cancer.

PubMed ID: 9472650

DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.79

PubMed ID: 9723824

Title: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase pharmacogenetics in Caucasian subjects.

PubMed ID: 9723824

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00751.x

PubMed ID: 18987736

Title: DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome.

PubMed ID: 18987736

DOI: 10.1038/nature07485

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1025
  • Mass: 111401
  • Checksum: 0201943955AB2C21
  • Sequence:
  • MAPVLSKDSA DIESILALNP RTQTHATLCS TSAKKLDKKH WKRNPDKNCF NCEKLENNFD 
    DIKHTTLGER GALREAMRCL KCADAPCQKS CPTNLDIKSF ITSIANKNYY GAAKMIFSDN 
    PLGLTCGMVC PTSDLCVGGC NLYATEEGPI NIGGLQQFAT EVFKAMSIPQ IRNPSLPPPE 
    KMSEAYSAKI ALFGAGPASI SCASFLARLG YSDITIFEKQ EYVGGLSTSE IPQFRLPYDV 
    VNFEIELMKD LGVKIICGKS LSVNEMTLST LKEKGYKAAF IGIGLPEPNK DAIFQGLTQD 
    QGFYTSKDFL PLVAKGSKAG MCACHSPLPS IRGVVIVLGA GDTAFDCATS ALRCGARRVF 
    IVFRKGFVNI RAVPEEMELA KEEKCEFLPF LSPRKVIVKG GRIVAMQFVR TEQDETGKWN 
    EDEDQMVHLK ADVVISAFGS VLSDPKVKEA LSPIKFNRWG LPEVDPETMQ TSEAWVFAGG 
    DVVGLANTTV ESVNDGKQAS WYIHKYVQSQ YGASVSAKPE LPLFYTPIDL VDISVEMAGL 
    KFINPFGLAS ATPATSTSMI RRAFEAGWGF ALTKTFSLDK DIVTNVSPRI IRGTTSGPMY 
    GPGQSSFLNI ELISEKTAAY WCQSVTELKA DFPDNIVIAS IMCSYNKNDW TELAKKSEDS 
    GADALELNLS CPHGMGERGM GLACGQDPEL VRNICRWVRQ AVQIPFFAKL TPNVTDIVSI 
    ARAAKEGGAN GVTATNTVSG LMGLKSDGTP WPAVGIAKRT TYGGVSGTAI RPIALRAVTS 
    IARALPGFPI LATGGIDSAE SGLQFLHSGA SVLQVCSAIQ NQDFTVIEDY CTGLKALLYL 
    KSIEELQDWD GQSPATVSHQ KGKPVPRIAE LMDKKLPSFG PYLEQRKKII AENKIRLKEQ 
    NVAFSPLKRN CFIPKRPIPT IKDVIGKALQ YLGTFGELSN VEQVVAMIDE EMCINCGKCY 
    MTCNDSGYQA IQFDPETHLP TITDTCTGCT LCLSVCPIVD CIKMVSRTTP YEPKRGVPLS 
    VNPVC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.