Details for: DPYD

Gene ID: 1806

Symbol: DPYD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000188641

Description: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 7.46
    Marker Score: 24,438
  • Cell Name: alveolar type 2 fibroblast cell (CL4028006)
    Fold Change: 4.82
    Marker Score: 2,680
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: 3.61
    Marker Score: 8,649
  • Cell Name: sympathetic neuron (CL0011103)
    Fold Change: 3.52
    Marker Score: 1,163
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 3.41
    Marker Score: 3,862
  • Cell Name: mature microglial cell (CL0002629)
    Fold Change: 3.39
    Marker Score: 1,227
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 3.38
    Marker Score: 2,226
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial fibroblast (CL1000692)
    Fold Change: 3.35
    Marker Score: 6,449
  • Cell Name: cardiac neuron (CL0010022)
    Fold Change: 3.19
    Marker Score: 3,975
  • Cell Name: contractile cell (CL0000183)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Marker Score: 1,688
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 3.1
    Marker Score: 804
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Marker Score: 12,819
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 3.04
    Marker Score: 48,868
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: 2.97
    Marker Score: 8,474
  • Cell Name: lung goblet cell (CL1000143)
    Fold Change: 2.89
    Marker Score: 832
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: 2.84
    Marker Score: 4,764
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 2.68
    Marker Score: 1,861
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 2.66
    Marker Score: 777
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: 2.65
    Marker Score: 7,594
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 2.64
    Marker Score: 5,791
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 2.6
    Marker Score: 2,987
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: 2.47
    Marker Score: 1,441
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Marker Score: 2,146
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Marker Score: 1,268
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Marker Score: 1,339
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Marker Score: 2,398
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Marker Score: 49,233
  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: 2.19
    Marker Score: 3,081
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Marker Score: 1,822
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 1,100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Marker Score: 115,815
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Marker Score: 2,761
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 2.04
    Marker Score: 125,644
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 621
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 20,237
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 18,284
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 1.91
    Marker Score: 18,136
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Marker Score: 15,987
  • Cell Name: renal interstitial pericyte (CL1001318)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Marker Score: 1,756
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Marker Score: 9,862
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Marker Score: 454
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Marker Score: 605
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Marker Score: 7,382
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Marker Score: 664
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Marker Score: 3,388
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Marker Score: 633
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Marker Score: 640
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Marker Score: 1,942
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 33,710
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 10,809
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 610
  • Cell Name: neuronal brush cell (CL0000555)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 5,624
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 6,778
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 4,162
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Marker Score: 5,756
  • Cell Name: CNS interneuron (CL0000402)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 772
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 10,341
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Marker Score: 6,839
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Marker Score: 2,419
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 1,592
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 3,875
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 499
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Marker Score: 2,197
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Marker Score: 1,154
  • Cell Name: bronchial epithelial cell (CL0002328)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 389
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 863
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 16,214
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 3,331
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 10,313
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 1,408
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 2,726
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001111)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 1,440
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 3,145
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 1,533
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 2,364
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 20,177
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 1,179
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 4,945
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 351
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 1,268
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous fat cell (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 457
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 731
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell (CL0002573)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 431
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle (CL1000311)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 327
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 1,513
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell (CL0000077)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 472
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 4,874
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 1,244
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 44,364
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 1,648
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 464
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 565
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 410
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 1,182
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 1,244
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 1,347
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 777
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 528
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 541

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** DPYD is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of thymine and uracil to their corresponding catabolic products. It is a homodimeric protein, consisting of two identical subunits, and is characterized by its high specificity for thymine and uracil. DPYD is also known to be involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and survival, particularly in the context of cancer. Its expression is tissue-specific, with highest levels observed in the liver, kidney, and brain. **Pathways and Functions** DPYD is integral to several metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Pyrimidine catabolism**: DPYD is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of thymine and uracil, converting them into their corresponding catabolic products, thymine and uracil, respectively. 2. **Nucleotide metabolism**: DPYD plays a critical role in the regulation of nucleotide metabolism, influencing the availability of thymine and uracil for DNA synthesis and repair. 3. **Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) metabolism**: DPYD is involved in the regulation of FAD metabolism, a crucial process in energy production and redox balance. In addition to its metabolic functions, DPYD has been implicated in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Cell growth and differentiation**: DPYD regulates cell growth and differentiation, particularly in the context of cancer. 2. **Apoptosis**: DPYD has been shown to influence apoptosis (programmed cell death), with dysregulation leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenesis. 3. **Neuroprotection**: DPYD has been implicated in neuroprotection, with its dysregulation contributing to neurodegenerative disorders. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of DPYD has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: DPYD is overexpressed in several types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, and lung cancer, contributing to tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. 2. **Neurodegenerative disorders**: DPYD dysregulation has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). 3. **Metabolic disorders**: DPYD is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and its dysregulation has been implicated in metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. 4. **Therapeutic applications**: DPYD inhibitors have been explored as potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment, neuroprotection, and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, DPYD is a critical enzyme involved in the catabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides and has a wide range of implications in human health and disease. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms of DPYD dysregulation and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 13778501

Symbol: DPYD_HUMAN

Name: Dihydrothymine dehydrogenase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8083224

Title: cDNA cloning and chromosome mapping of human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme associated with 5-fluorouracil toxicity and congenital thymine uraciluria.

PubMed ID: 8083224

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31638-1

PubMed ID: 9135003

Title: Structural organization of the human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene.

PubMed ID: 9135003

PubMed ID: 9464498

Title: Suicidal inactivation of human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase by (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil derived from the antiviral, sorivudine.

PubMed ID: 9464498

DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00377-7

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8892022

Title: A point mutation in an invariant splice donor site leads to exon skipping in two unrelated Dutch patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 8892022

DOI: 10.1007/bf01799841

PubMed ID: 9170156

Title: Lack of correlation between phenotype and genotype for the polymorphically expressed dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in a family of Pakistani origin.

PubMed ID: 9170156

DOI: 10.1097/00008571-199704000-00012

PubMed ID: 1512248

Title: Purification and characterization of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase from human liver.

PubMed ID: 1512248

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41899-6

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 9439663

Title: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency: identification and expression of missense mutations C29R, R886H and R235W.

PubMed ID: 9439663

DOI: 10.1007/s004390050637

PubMed ID: 9266349

Title: Identification of novel point mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene.

PubMed ID: 9266349

DOI: 10.1023/a:1005357307122

PubMed ID: 9472650

Title: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase pharmacogenetics in patients with colorectal cancer.

PubMed ID: 9472650

DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.79

PubMed ID: 9723824

Title: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase pharmacogenetics in Caucasian subjects.

PubMed ID: 9723824

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00751.x

PubMed ID: 18987736

Title: DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome.

PubMed ID: 18987736

DOI: 10.1038/nature07485

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1025
  • Mass: 111401
  • Checksum: 0201943955AB2C21
  • Sequence:
  • MAPVLSKDSA DIESILALNP RTQTHATLCS TSAKKLDKKH WKRNPDKNCF NCEKLENNFD 
    DIKHTTLGER GALREAMRCL KCADAPCQKS CPTNLDIKSF ITSIANKNYY GAAKMIFSDN 
    PLGLTCGMVC PTSDLCVGGC NLYATEEGPI NIGGLQQFAT EVFKAMSIPQ IRNPSLPPPE 
    KMSEAYSAKI ALFGAGPASI SCASFLARLG YSDITIFEKQ EYVGGLSTSE IPQFRLPYDV 
    VNFEIELMKD LGVKIICGKS LSVNEMTLST LKEKGYKAAF IGIGLPEPNK DAIFQGLTQD 
    QGFYTSKDFL PLVAKGSKAG MCACHSPLPS IRGVVIVLGA GDTAFDCATS ALRCGARRVF 
    IVFRKGFVNI RAVPEEMELA KEEKCEFLPF LSPRKVIVKG GRIVAMQFVR TEQDETGKWN 
    EDEDQMVHLK ADVVISAFGS VLSDPKVKEA LSPIKFNRWG LPEVDPETMQ TSEAWVFAGG 
    DVVGLANTTV ESVNDGKQAS WYIHKYVQSQ YGASVSAKPE LPLFYTPIDL VDISVEMAGL 
    KFINPFGLAS ATPATSTSMI RRAFEAGWGF ALTKTFSLDK DIVTNVSPRI IRGTTSGPMY 
    GPGQSSFLNI ELISEKTAAY WCQSVTELKA DFPDNIVIAS IMCSYNKNDW TELAKKSEDS 
    GADALELNLS CPHGMGERGM GLACGQDPEL VRNICRWVRQ AVQIPFFAKL TPNVTDIVSI 
    ARAAKEGGAN GVTATNTVSG LMGLKSDGTP WPAVGIAKRT TYGGVSGTAI RPIALRAVTS 
    IARALPGFPI LATGGIDSAE SGLQFLHSGA SVLQVCSAIQ NQDFTVIEDY CTGLKALLYL 
    KSIEELQDWD GQSPATVSHQ KGKPVPRIAE LMDKKLPSFG PYLEQRKKII AENKIRLKEQ 
    NVAFSPLKRN CFIPKRPIPT IKDVIGKALQ YLGTFGELSN VEQVVAMIDE EMCINCGKCY 
    MTCNDSGYQA IQFDPETHLP TITDTCTGCT LCLSVCPIVD CIKMVSRTTP YEPKRGVPLS 
    VNPVC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.