Details for: DYRK1A

Gene ID: 1859

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: DYRK1A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157540

Description: dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 42.2
    rCSI 70.84%
    PRS 39.99
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 42.12
    rCSI 67.74%
    PRS 42.25
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 37.8
    rCSI 45.15%
    PRS 39.82
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 34.44
    rCSI 60.82%
    PRS 39.03
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 34.31
    rCSI 42.69%
    PRS 38.12
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 31.68
    rCSI 45.46%
    PRS 47.93
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 29.64
    rCSI 72.03%
    PRS 38.7
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 29.14
    rCSI 37.56%
    PRS 41.17
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 27.39
    rCSI 19.66%
    PRS 72
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 26.82
    rCSI 23.81%
    PRS 55.83
  • naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900
    CSI 26.26
    rCSI 18.44%
    PRS 76.87
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 26.05
    rCSI 32.4%
    PRS 59.72
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 23.77
    rCSI 74.29%
    PRS 41.49
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 23.45
    rCSI 51.8%
    PRS 44.26
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 21.05
    rCSI 65.85%
    PRS 44.1
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 21.05
    rCSI 36.4%
    PRS 47.93
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 20.28
    rCSI 72.99%
    PRS 38.49
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 19.96
    rCSI 17.53%
    PRS 62.94
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 19.28
    rCSI 72.88%
    PRS 40.86
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 18.33
    rCSI 25.05%
    PRS 59.57
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 17.39
    rCSI 59.56%
    PRS 47.17
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 17.29
    rCSI 46.2%
    PRS 49.22
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 16.82
    rCSI 44.64%
    PRS 69.77
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 16.47
    rCSI 34.18%
    PRS 55.08
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 16.34
    rCSI 33.16%
    PRS 37.79
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 16.18
    rCSI 22.93%
    PRS 54.09
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 15.51
    rCSI 40.3%
    PRS 61.81
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 14.67
    rCSI 10.2%
    PRS 68.38
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 14.47
    rCSI 18.57%
    PRS 55.2
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 14
    rCSI 22.93%
    PRS 47.41
  • mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940
    CSI 13.87
    rCSI 11.21%
    PRS 68.3
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 13.32
    rCSI 34.44%
    PRS 52.91
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 12.53
    rCSI 73.78%
    PRS 41.39
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 12.18
    rCSI 32.43%
    PRS 47.72
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 12.11
    rCSI 13.98%
    PRS 51.22
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 11.77
    rCSI 17.99%
    PRS 62.06
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 11.66
    rCSI 16.64%
    PRS 60.24
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 11.65
    rCSI 26.65%
    PRS 57.51
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 11.64
    rCSI 65.81%
    PRS 43.21
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 11.58
    rCSI 43.38%
    PRS 50
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 11.29
    rCSI 17.24%
    PRS 58.39
  • S cone cell CL0003050
    CSI 11.27
    rCSI 49.52%
    PRS 54.68
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 10.92
    rCSI 8.63%
    PRS 44.69
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 10.88
    rCSI 43.08%
    PRS 58.06
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 10.56
    rCSI 12.76%
    PRS 66.39
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 10.42
    rCSI 10.91%
    PRS 54.28
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 10.38
    rCSI 14.38%
    PRS 59.61
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 10.19
    rCSI 50.67%
    PRS 56.01
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 10.05
    rCSI 19.16%
    PRS 73.23
  • naive B cell CL0000788
    CSI 9.96
    rCSI 8.54%
    PRS 65.84
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 9.95
    rCSI 73.14%
    PRS 44.81
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 9.87
    rCSI 31.76%
    PRS 56.47
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 9.84
    rCSI 32.34%
    PRS 45.19
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 9.74
    rCSI 22.48%
    PRS 47.41
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 9.73
    rCSI 15.52%
    PRS 50.68
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 9.72
    rCSI 12.48%
    PRS 51.1
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 9.64
    rCSI 23.54%
    PRS 51.69
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 9.54
    rCSI 20.7%
    PRS 46.31
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 9.52
    rCSI 17.1%
    PRS 50.81
  • alpha-beta T cell CL0000789
    CSI 9.48
    rCSI 11.11%
    PRS 74.1
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 9.26
    rCSI 22.14%
    PRS 45.5
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI 9.15
    rCSI 60.72%
    PRS 55.28
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 9.06
    rCSI 25.4%
    PRS 70.02
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 9.06
    rCSI 18.19%
    PRS 46.99
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 9
    rCSI 12.3%
    PRS 63.53
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 8.97
    rCSI 14.43%
    PRS 47.47
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 8.73
    rCSI 59.41%
    PRS 54.07
  • mural cell CL0008034
    CSI 8.72
    rCSI 29.53%
    PRS 50.5
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 8.68
    rCSI 32.75%
    PRS 45.02
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 8.63
    rCSI 8.88%
    PRS 74.71
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 8.54
    rCSI 13.84%
    PRS 54.76
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 8.42
    rCSI 11.7%
    PRS 56.71
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 8.31
    rCSI 10.45%
    PRS 70.08
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 7.97
    rCSI 9.93%
    PRS 68.53
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI 7.89
    rCSI 46.6%
    PRS 53.19
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 7.82
    rCSI 19.83%
    PRS 47.36
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 7.81
    rCSI 25.42%
    PRS 58.77
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 7.71
    rCSI 12.26%
    PRS 50.16
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 7.64
    rCSI 20.17%
    PRS 66.67
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 7.64
    rCSI 8.84%
    PRS 47.81
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 7.58
    rCSI 17.3%
    PRS 49.84
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 16.74%
    PRS 65.35
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 7.45%
    PRS 63.36
  • oligodendrocyte precursor cell CL0002453
    CSI 7.09
    rCSI 15.6%
    PRS 40.34
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 7.04
    rCSI 6.49%
    PRS 58.81
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 7.01
    rCSI 9.59%
    PRS 52.01
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 6.98
    rCSI 28.44%
    PRS 52.91
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 6.97
    rCSI 13.85%
    PRS 55.73
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 6.94
    rCSI 15.82%
    PRS 54.69
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 6.93
    rCSI 16.53%
    PRS 59.07
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 6.91
    rCSI 9.41%
    PRS 49.89
  • subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521
    CSI 6.88
    rCSI 35.22%
    PRS 63.06
  • brain vascular cell CL4023072
    CSI 6.84
    rCSI 70.77%
    PRS 51.4
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 6.77
    rCSI 12.68%
    PRS 46.36
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 6.76
    rCSI 10.2%
    PRS 61.33
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 6.74
    rCSI 52.24%
    PRS 54.81
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 6.47
    rCSI 9.89%
    PRS 67.02
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 6.47
    rCSI 16.86%
    PRS 57.38
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 6.34
    rCSI 14.38%
    PRS 62.23
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 6.34
    rCSI 16.52%
    PRS 55.73
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 67.5%
  • paneth cell of colon CL0009009
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 76.7%
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 67.4%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 73.9%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 74.9%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 62.9%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 68.6%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 77.6%
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 73.5%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 74.1%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 75.0%
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 77.3%
  • midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 60.8%
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 63.7%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 64.0%
  • smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery CL0002591
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 67.3%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 68.2%
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 60.4%
  • tuft cell of colon CL0009041
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 71.2%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 69.9%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 60.5%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 71.1%
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 42.1%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 59.7%
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 77.9%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 74.1%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 52.3%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 71.6%
  • cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell CL0010006
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 9.3%
    PRS 49.8%
  • airway submucosal gland duct basal cell CL4033024
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 68.4%
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 62.1%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 66.4%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 69.4%
  • vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 76.4%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 73.7%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 69.0%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 65.7%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 55.8%
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 69.6%
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 56.0%
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 58.1%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 79.3%
  • kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 15.1%
    PRS 55.8%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 62.5%
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 74.8%
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 70.6%
  • cholangiocyte CL1000488
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 66.9%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 67.4%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 66.4%
  • fast muscle cell CL0000190
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 62.6%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 54.5%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 20.2%
    PRS 56.8%
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 68.1%
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 77.3%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 49.0%
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 61.2%
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 60.4%
  • mesangial cell CL0000650
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 69.6%
  • GABAergic interneuron CL0011005
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 32.7%
    PRS 62.6%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 56.1%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 69.1%
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 71.3%
  • erythroid lineage cell CL0000764
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 14.3%
    PRS 76.4%
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 62.6%
  • diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 26.1%
    PRS 49.2%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 54.0%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 14.4%
    PRS 49.7%
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 80.1%
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 76.1%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 56.9%
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 75.4%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 63.2%
  • enteroglial cell CL4040002
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 13.6%
    PRS 63.6%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 59.5%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 66.4%
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 69.7%
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 67.7%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 55.7%
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 63.8%
  • starburst amacrine cell CL0004232
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 23.2%
    PRS 50.1%
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 7.9%
    PRS 54.9%
  • mature microglial cell CL0002629
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 11.6%
    PRS 58.1%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 13.5%
    PRS 56.8%
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 13.4%
    PRS 74.6%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 51.9%
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 11.8%
    PRS 56.4%
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 50.5%
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 76.3%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 59.0%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 7.3%
    PRS 75.7%
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 11.7%
    PRS 73.4%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 72.3%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 65.9%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 51.1%
  • skeletal muscle satellite stem cell CL0008011
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 14.0%
    PRS 76.6%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 55.8%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 16.0%
    PRS 69.1%
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 66.2%
    PRS 50.4%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 61.9%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 79.4%
    PRS 40.2%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) (Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 21q22.13, a region frequently implicated in the pathophysiology of Down syndrome ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1996.0636), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/5.9.1305)). It encodes a highly conserved kinase that functions in a dual-specificity manner, phosphorylating serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. Functionally, [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) is a pleiotropic regulator involved in diverse cellular processes including nervous system development, cell cycle control, chromatin remodeling, and mRNA splicing. Expression data indicates its prominent role in the central nervous system, with particularly high significance in various subtypes of GABAergic cortical interneurons. Its haploinsufficiency is associated with a clinical syndrome characterized by microcephaly and intellectual disability ([OMIM](/entry/600855); [Link](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01544.x)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) highlights its critical role in the central nervous system. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in a broad range of neuronal populations. It is a defining marker for several distinct subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, including [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011), [sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023015), [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016), and [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018). Its significance extends to excitatory neurons such as [L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4023040) and specialized neurons like the [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740). Beyond the nervous system, [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) demonstrates significant expression in other tissues, suggesting broader physiological functions. It is notably active in [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746), consistent with its known role in phosphorylating muscle glycogen synthase ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m301769200)). Furthermore, its expression in adaptive immune cells, specifically [CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000897) and [naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000900), points towards a role in T cell biology, which is supported by phosphoproteomic studies of T cell receptor signaling ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2000007)). Expression in intestinal epithelial cells like [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031) and [BEST4+ enteroycte](/details-cell/CL4030026) suggests additional roles in mucosal biology. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) functions primarily as a protein kinase ([GO:0004672]), with broad substrate specificity as a protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase ([GO:0004712]). Its molecular activities are integral to fundamental cellular processes. Consistent with its high expression in neurons, it is deeply involved in [nervous system development](/details-go/GO:0007399) and is localized to key neuronal compartments like the [axon](/details-go/GO:0030424) and [dendrite](/details-go/GO:0030425). Its binding to cytoskeletal proteins such as tubulin ([GO:0015631]) and actin ([GO:0003779]) and its ability to negatively regulate microtubule polymerization ([GO:0031115]) underscore its role in maintaining neuronal structure and plasticity. In the nucleus ([GO:0005634]), [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) acts as a key regulator of gene expression and genome maintenance. It participates in the [regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II](/details-go/GO:0006357), [chromatin remodeling](/details-go/GO:0006338), and both positive and negative regulation of mRNA splicing ([GO:0033120], [GO:0048025]). These functions are consistent with its localization to [nuclear speckles](/details-go/GO:0016607) ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000397)). Reactome pathway analysis further implicates [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) in the regulation of the [cell cycle](/details-pathway/R-HSA-1640170), particularly the [mitotic G1 phase and G1/S transition](/details-pathway/R-HSA-453279), which aligns with phosphoproteomic studies of the cell cycle kinome ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007)). Notably, its involvement in [amyloid-beta formation](/details-go/GO:0034205) and its ability to bind and phosphorylate tau protein ([GO:0048156], [GO:0050321]) link it directly to the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease. ## Research Directions The widespread and critical functions of [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859), coupled with its dosage sensitivity, make it a gene of significant clinical and biological interest. ### Proposed Hypotheses: 1. Given its exceptionally high significance across multiple, functionally distinct cortical interneuron subtypes ([lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011), [sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023015), [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018)), we hypothesize that [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) acts as a master regulator orchestrating the terminal differentiation and functional maturation programs common to these diverse inhibitory neurons during cortical development. 2. Based on its dual roles in cell cycle regulation ([R-HSA-1640170]) and T cell biology, we hypothesize that [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) kinase activity is essential for the transition of naive T cells into the memory pool by regulating the transcriptional programs that balance quiescence and proliferative potential. ### Experimental Approach: To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) in interneuron development, a conditional knockout mouse model could be employed. Specifically, crossing a mouse with a floxed [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) allele to a mouse expressing Cre recombinase under the control of a pan-interneuron progenitor promoter (e.g., Nkx2.1-Cre) would allow for targeted deletion of the gene in cortical interneurons. The resulting adult mouse cortex could then be analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to determine if the deletion leads to a loss of specific interneuron populations or a failure of these cells to acquire their mature molecular identities. This could be complemented by electrophysiological recordings to assess functional deficits. ### Therapeutic Potential: [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) represents a challenging but important therapeutic target. Its overexpression in Down syndrome is thought to contribute significantly to the associated cognitive deficits, making kinase **inhibition** a logical therapeutic strategy. Several small molecule inhibitors of [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) are in development for this purpose, as well as for potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Conversely, its haploinsufficiency causes severe neurodevelopmental defects, suggesting that targeted **activation** or gene therapy could be beneficial in those cases. The main challenge for either approach is the pleiotropic nature of [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859) and its widespread expression, which raises the risk of significant off-target effects with systemic administration. Therefore, developing strategies for cell-type-specific delivery or modulation will be critical for translating [DYRK1A](/details-gene/1859)-targeted therapies to the clinic.

Genular Protein ID: 2938402413

Symbol: DYR1A_HUMAN

Name: Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8975710

Title: Isolation of human and murine homologues of the Drosophila minibrain gene: human homologue maps to 21q22.2 in the Down syndrome 'critical region'.

PubMed ID: 8975710

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0636

PubMed ID: 8872470

Title: A human homologue of Drosophila minibrain (MNB) is expressed in the neuronal regions affected in Down syndrome and maps to the critical region.

PubMed ID: 8872470

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.9.1305

PubMed ID: 8769099

Title: Cloning of a human homolog of the Drosophila minibrain/rat Dyrk gene from 'the Down syndrome critical region' of chromosome 21.

PubMed ID: 8769099

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1135

PubMed ID: 9037601

Title: Gene identification in 1.6-Mb region of the Down syndrome region on chromosome 21.

PubMed ID: 9037601

DOI: 10.1101/gr.7.1.47

PubMed ID: 10329007

Title: Human minibrain homologue (MNBH/DYRK1): characterization, alternative splicing, differential tissue expression, and overexpression in Down syndrome.

PubMed ID: 10329007

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5775

PubMed ID: 9503011

Title: Transcriptional map of the 2.5-Mb CBR-ERG region of chromosome 21 involved in Down syndrome.

PubMed ID: 9503011

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.5146

PubMed ID: 14500717

Title: Serine/threonine kinase Mirk/Dyrk1B is an inhibitor of epithelial cell migration and is negatively regulated by the Met adaptor Ran-binding protein M.

PubMed ID: 14500717

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307556200

PubMed ID: 14593110

Title: Phosphorylation of Ser640 in muscle glycogen synthase by DYRK family protein kinases.

PubMed ID: 14593110

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301769200

PubMed ID: 15592455

Title: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 15592455

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1046

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 19266028

Title: Genome-wide analysis of histidine repeats reveals their role in the localization of human proteins to the nuclear speckles compartment.

PubMed ID: 19266028

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000397

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20167603

Title: DYRK1A and DYRK3 promote cell survival through phosphorylation and activation of SIRT1.

PubMed ID: 20167603

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.102574

PubMed ID: 21294719

Title: Intragenic deletion in DYRK1A leads to mental retardation and primary microcephaly.

PubMed ID: 21294719

DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01544.x

PubMed ID: 21127067

Title: Splice variants of the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 4 (DYRK4) differ in their subcellular localization and catalytic activity.

PubMed ID: 21127067

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.157909

PubMed ID: 23160955

Title: Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed ID: 23160955

DOI: 10.1126/science.1227764

PubMed ID: 23415227

Title: Dual specificity kinase DYRK3 couples stress granule condensation/dissolution to mTORC1 signaling.

PubMed ID: 23415227

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.033

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 23864635

Title: Dissection of the C-terminal region of E1A redefines the roles of CtBP and other cellular targets in oncogenic transformation.

PubMed ID: 23864635

DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00786-13

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 31024071

Title: The nuclear interactome of DYRK1A reveals a functional role in DNA damage repair.

PubMed ID: 31024071

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42990-5

PubMed ID: 30773093

Title: DYRK1A regulates the recruitment of 53BP1 to the sites of DNA damage in part through interaction with RNF169.

PubMed ID: 30773093

DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1577525

PubMed ID: 20981014

Title: Development of a novel selective inhibitor of the Down syndrome-related kinase Dyrk1A.

PubMed ID: 20981014

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1090

PubMed ID: 22998443

Title: Selectivity, cocrystal structures, and neuroprotective properties of leucettines, a family of protein kinase inhibitors derived from the marine sponge alkaloid leucettamine B.

PubMed ID: 22998443

DOI: 10.1021/jm301034u

PubMed ID: 24239188

Title: Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines: discovery and preliminary SAR of a novel series of DYRK1B and DYRK1A inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 24239188

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.055

PubMed ID: 25620562

Title: Chromatin-wide profiling of DYRK1A reveals a role as a gene-specific RNA polymerase II CTD kinase.

PubMed ID: 25620562

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.026

PubMed ID: 29849146

Title: Phase-separation mechanism for C-terminal hyperphosphorylation of RNA polymerase II.

PubMed ID: 29849146

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0174-3

PubMed ID: 23665168

Title: Structures of Down syndrome kinases, DYRKs, reveal mechanisms of kinase activation and substrate recognition.

PubMed ID: 23665168

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.03.012

PubMed ID: 17344846

Title: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes.

PubMed ID: 17344846

DOI: 10.1038/nature05610

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 763
  • Mass: 85584
  • Checksum: 7C3A52A3CBB04FB5
  • Sequence:
  • MHTGGETSAC KPSSVRLAPS FSFHAAGLQM AGQMPHSHQY SDRRQPNISD QQVSALSYSD 
    QIQQPLTNQV MPDIVMLQRR MPQTFRDPAT APLRKLSVDL IKTYKHINEV YYAKKKRRHQ 
    QGQGDDSSHK KERKVYNDGY DDDNYDYIVK NGEKWMDRYE IDSLIGKGSF GQVVKAYDRV 
    EQEWVAIKII KNKKAFLNQA QIEVRLLELM NKHDTEMKYY IVHLKRHFMF RNHLCLVFEM 
    LSYNLYDLLR NTNFRGVSLN LTRKFAQQMC TALLFLATPE LSIIHCDLKP ENILLCNPKR 
    SAIKIVDFGS SCQLGQRIYQ YIQSRFYRSP EVLLGMPYDL AIDMWSLGCI LVEMHTGEPL 
    FSGANEVDQM NKIVEVLGIP PAHILDQAPK ARKFFEKLPD GTWNLKKTKD GKREYKPPGT 
    RKLHNILGVE TGGPGGRRAG ESGHTVADYL KFKDLILRML DYDPKTRIQP YYALQHSFFK 
    KTADEGTNTS NSVSTSPAME QSQSSGTTSS TSSSSGGSSG TSNSGRARSD PTHQHRHSGG 
    HFTAAVQAMD CETHSPQVRQ QFPAPLGWSG TEAPTQVTVE THPVQETTFH VAPQQNALHH 
    HHGNSSHHHH HHHHHHHHHG QQALGNRTRP RVYNSPTNSS STQDSMEVGH SHHSMTSLSS 
    STTSSSTSSS STGNQGNQAY QNRPVAANTL DFGQNGAMDV NLTVYSNPRQ ETGIAGHPTY 
    QFSANTGPAH YMTEGHLTMR QGADREESPM TGVCVQQSPV ASS

Genular Protein ID: 2191849470

Symbol: A0A2R8Y6I6_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10830953

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21.

PubMed ID: 10830953

DOI: 10.1038/35012518

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 725
  • Mass: 81599
  • Checksum: B293E0326947C872
  • Sequence:
  • MAGQMPHSHQ YSDRRQPNIS DQQVSALSYS DQIQQPLTNQ RRMPQTFRDP ATAPLRKLSV 
    DLIKTYKHIN EVYYAKKKRR HQQGQGDDSS HKKERKVYND GYDDDNYDYI VKNGEKWMDR 
    YEIDSLIGKG SFGQVVKAYD RVEQEWVAIK IIKNKKAFLN QAQIEVRLLE LMNKHDTEMK 
    YYIVHLKRHF MFRNHLCLVF EMLSYNLYDL LRNTNFRGVS LNLTRKFAQQ MCTALLFLAT 
    PELSIIHCDL KPENILLCNP KRSAIKIVDF GSSCQLGQRI YQYIQSRFYR SPEVLLGMPY 
    DLAIDMWSLG CILVEMHTGE PLFSGANEVD QMNKIVEVLG IPPAHILDQA PKARKFFEKL 
    PDGTWNLKKT KDGKREYKPP GTRKLHNILG VETGGPGGRR AGESGHTVAD YLKFKDLILR 
    MLDYDPKTRI QPYYALQHSF FKKTADEGTN TSNSVSTSPA MEQSQSSGTT SSTSSSSGGS 
    SGTSNSGRAR SDPTHQHRHS GGHFTAAVQA MDCETHSPQV RQQFPAPLGW SGTEAPTQVT 
    VETHPVQETT FHVAPQQNAL HHHHGNSSHH HHHHHHHHHH HGQQALGNRT RPRVYNSPTN 
    SSSTQDSMEV GHSHHSMTSL SSSTTSSSTS SSSTGNQGNQ AYQNRPVAAN TLDFGQNGAM 
    DVNLTVYSNP RQETGIAGHP TYQFSANTGP AHYMTEGHLT MRQGADREES PMTGVCVQQS 
    PVASS