Details for: EIF2S1

Gene ID: 1965

Symbol: EIF2S1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134001

Description: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 225.5936
    Cell Significance Index: -35.0900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 151.8076
    Cell Significance Index: -38.5100
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 108.1934
    Cell Significance Index: -44.5700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 96.0238
    Cell Significance Index: -45.3400
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 92.4291
    Cell Significance Index: -37.5500
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 84.4698
    Cell Significance Index: -43.4500
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 67.6580
    Cell Significance Index: -45.4000
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 39.5185
    Cell Significance Index: -37.7300
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 34.7052
    Cell Significance Index: -42.7900
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 12.6360
    Cell Significance Index: -33.8500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 11.4773
    Cell Significance Index: -45.2900
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 8.4618
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9900
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 6.5019
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2300
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 2.6555
    Cell Significance Index: 183.6400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.7064
    Cell Significance Index: 102.4400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.4930
    Cell Significance Index: 162.3900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.4298
    Cell Significance Index: 19.5100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.1929
    Cell Significance Index: 32.4700
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 1.1703
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.9734
    Cell Significance Index: 25.9900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.9494
    Cell Significance Index: 44.6200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.9360
    Cell Significance Index: 26.8300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.9030
    Cell Significance Index: 46.9100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.8125
    Cell Significance Index: 162.9900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.7613
    Cell Significance Index: 93.6100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.7393
    Cell Significance Index: 133.2700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.6927
    Cell Significance Index: 95.1300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.6633
    Cell Significance Index: 293.2500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6267
    Cell Significance Index: 124.3700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.6202
    Cell Significance Index: 80.1200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.6062
    Cell Significance Index: 42.8700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.5928
    Cell Significance Index: 44.1800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.5656
    Cell Significance Index: 308.8700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.5262
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.4467
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4387
    Cell Significance Index: 28.3100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.4159
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3971
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3739
    Cell Significance Index: 36.9900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.3734
    Cell Significance Index: 44.0400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.3723
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.3514
    Cell Significance Index: 22.1500
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.3285
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3273
    Cell Significance Index: 117.3800
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.2644
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.2464
    Cell Significance Index: 42.0800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2363
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1761
    Cell Significance Index: 22.5700
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.1724
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.1299
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1282
    Cell Significance Index: 24.4000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.1212
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1113
    Cell Significance Index: 77.0000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0649
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0252
    Cell Significance Index: 47.5300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -27.3500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -15.8700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0449
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5900
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: -0.0508
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0577
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0592
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1077
    Cell Significance Index: -22.6800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.1208
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1256
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6400
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.1263
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1335
    Cell Significance Index: -38.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1370
    Cell Significance Index: -15.6900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1501
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1625
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1866
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2187
    Cell Significance Index: -24.9700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2521
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9500
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.2603
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.3071
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.3503
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9800
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.3716
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.3844
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.4099
    Cell Significance Index: -42.6800
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.4133
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.4186
    Cell Significance Index: -33.1500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.4578
    Cell Significance Index: -20.2500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.4803
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.5117
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.5129
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.5518
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.6232
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9000
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: -0.6311
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.6364
    Cell Significance Index: -39.0200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.7986
    Cell Significance Index: -13.6900
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.8362
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** EIF2S1 is a small, acidic protein that is highly conserved across species. It is a subunit of the eIF2 complex, which is responsible for the recruitment of ribosomes to mRNA and the initiation of translation. EIF2S1 is characterized by its ability to bind to the small subunit of the ribosome, facilitating the recruitment of the large subunit and the initiation of translation. EIF2S1 is also involved in the regulation of protein synthesis in response to stress, including amino acid starvation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial stress. **Pathways and Functions** EIF2S1 is involved in various cellular pathways, including: 1. **Translation initiation**: EIF2S1 plays a crucial role in the recruitment of ribosomes to mRNA and the initiation of translation. 2. **Stress response**: EIF2S1 is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis in response to stress, including amino acid starvation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial stress. 3. **Antiviral response**: EIF2S1 is involved in the antiviral response, particularly in the regulation of translation initiation in response to interferons. 4. **Cytokine signaling**: EIF2S1 is involved in the regulation of cytokine signaling in the immune system. 5. **Unfolded protein response**: EIF2S1 plays a crucial role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is a cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. EIF2S1 is also involved in the formation of stress granules, which are cytoplasmic structures that are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis in response to stress. **Clinical Significance** EIF2S1 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: EIF2S1 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of protein synthesis in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 2. **Cancer**: EIF2S1 has been implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis in cancer cells, and has been shown to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer. 3. **Infectious diseases**: EIF2S1 has been shown to play a role in the antiviral response, and has been implicated in the regulation of translation initiation in response to interferons. 4. **Endoplasmic reticulum stress**: EIF2S1 has been implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is a major cause of cell death. Overall, EIF2S1 is a critical regulator of protein synthesis and cellular responses to stress, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 2203592282

Symbol: IF2A_HUMAN

Name: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2948954

Title: Cloning and sequencing of complementary DNAs encoding the alpha-subunit of translational initiation factor eIF-2. Characterization of the protein and its messenger RNA.

PubMed ID: 2948954

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75772-x

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15207627

Title: Inhibition of PKR by vaccinia virus: role of the N- and C-terminal domains of E3L.

PubMed ID: 15207627

DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.012

PubMed ID: 16289705

Title: An efficient mammalian cell-free translation system supplemented with translation factors.

PubMed ID: 16289705

DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.09.021

PubMed ID: 17894550

Title: The N-terminal region of ABC50 interacts with eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2 and is a target for regulatory phosphorylation by CK2.

PubMed ID: 17894550

DOI: 10.1042/bj20070811

PubMed ID: 18032499

Title: Rotavirus infection induces the phosphorylation of eIF2alpha but prevents the formation of stress granules.

PubMed ID: 18032499

DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01779-07

PubMed ID: 18596238

Title: The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3 associates with export messenger ribonucleoproteins as well as tip-associated protein and participates in translational control.

PubMed ID: 18596238

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-12-1264

PubMed ID: 19131336

Title: An upstream open reading frame regulates translation of GADD34 during cellular stresses that induce eIF2alpha phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 19131336

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806735200

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23063529

Title: eIF2gamma mutation that disrupts eIF2 complex integrity links intellectual disability to impaired translation initiation.

PubMed ID: 23063529

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.09.005

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 30258011

Title: Rotavirus Induces Formation of Remodeled Stress Granules and P Bodies and Their Sequestration in Viroplasms To Promote Progeny Virus Production.

PubMed ID: 30258011

DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01363-18

PubMed ID: 31836389

Title: Suppression of MEHMO Syndrome Mutation in eIF2 by Small Molecule ISRIB.

PubMed ID: 31836389

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.11.008

PubMed ID: 33384352

Title: QRICH1 dictates the outcome of ER stress through transcriptional control of proteostasis.

PubMed ID: 33384352

DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6896

PubMed ID: 35031321

Title: Stepwise assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex.

PubMed ID: 35031321

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101583

PubMed ID: 38340717

Title: The HRI branch of the integrated stress response selectively triggers mitophagy.

PubMed ID: 38340717

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.016

PubMed ID: 11859078

Title: Crystal structure of the N-terminal segment of human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha.

PubMed ID: 11859078

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111804200

PubMed ID: 15341733

Title: Solution structure of human initiation factor eIF2alpha reveals homology to the elongation factor eEF1B.

PubMed ID: 15341733

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2004.07.010

PubMed ID: 31048492

Title: Structural basis for eIF2B inhibition in integrated stress response.

PubMed ID: 31048492

DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4104

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 315
  • Mass: 36112
  • Checksum: FF3E75E3816E6B1E
  • Sequence:
  • MPGLSCRFYQ HKFPEVEDVV MVNVRSIAEM GAYVSLLEYN NIEGMILLSE LSRRRIRSIN 
    KLIRIGRNEC VVVIRVDKEK GYIDLSKRRV SPEEAIKCED KFTKSKTVYS ILRHVAEVLE 
    YTKDEQLESL FQRTAWVFDD KYKRPGYGAY DAFKHAVSDP SILDSLDLNE DEREVLINNI 
    NRRLTPQAVK IRADIEVACY GYEGIDAVKE ALRAGLNCST ENMPIKINLI APPRYVMTTT 
    TLERTEGLSV LSQAMAVIKE KIEEKRGVFN VQMEPKVVTD TDETELARQM ERLERENAEV 
    DGDDDAEEME AKAED

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.