Details for: AMPD2

Gene ID: 271

Symbol: AMPD2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116337

Description: adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 98.4280
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 48.0990
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2000
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 35.4701
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4100
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 31.8438
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3800
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 15.2083
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5200
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 12.6931
    Cell Significance Index: -15.6500
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 5.7095
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 4.3823
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 4.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 2.3072
    Cell Significance Index: 38.0200
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 2.0607
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.6461
    Cell Significance Index: 162.8400
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 1.5218
    Cell Significance Index: 11.7300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.2357
    Cell Significance Index: 1115.7500
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 1.0496
    Cell Significance Index: 55.1100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.9426
    Cell Significance Index: 102.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.8826
    Cell Significance Index: 143.5500
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.8516
    Cell Significance Index: 51.1200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.5164
    Cell Significance Index: 103.5900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.4932
    Cell Significance Index: 14.2100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.4835
    Cell Significance Index: 56.3500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.4684
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.4620
    Cell Significance Index: 12.3800
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 0.4412
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.4314
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5400
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4159
    Cell Significance Index: 82.5400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.4030
    Cell Significance Index: 144.5600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4028
    Cell Significance Index: 25.9900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.3963
    Cell Significance Index: 11.3600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3854
    Cell Significance Index: 73.3400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.3213
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2783
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0300
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.2500
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.2290
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2227
    Cell Significance Index: 28.5500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1883
    Cell Significance Index: 130.2400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.1532
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.1520
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.1444
    Cell Significance Index: 19.8300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1080
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0908
    Cell Significance Index: 49.6000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0730
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0526
    Cell Significance Index: 23.2500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0435
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0371
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: 23.4500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0328
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6800
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: 37.4200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0099
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2100
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -15.6200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0196
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0218
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0294
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0360
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0382
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0695
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0737
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0750
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0757
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0785
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0899
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0997
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1217
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1279
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.1309
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7400
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.1318
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1450
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1517
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1524
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1684
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1684
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.1726
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1798
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2400
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2222
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2359
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2400
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2367
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.2378
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.2469
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2400
  • Cell Name: OFF-bipolar cell (CL0000750)
    Fold Change: -0.2736
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4100
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.2854
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.2897
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2600
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.2914
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2800
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: -0.3211
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** AMPD2 is a cytosolic enzyme, primarily expressed in cells of the nervous system, including glycinergic neurons, GABAergic amacrine cells, and cerebral cortex GABAergic interneurons. The enzyme is also found in immune cells, such as CD14-positive and CD16-positive monocytes. AMPD2 exhibits high substrate specificity for AMP, with a low affinity for other purines. Its activity is tightly regulated by various cellular mechanisms, including feedback inhibition by AMP and IMP. **Pathways and Functions** AMPD2 is integral to the purine salvage pathway, which involves the conversion of AMP to IMP. This reaction is crucial for maintaining the balance of purine nucleotides within the cell, as it allows for the recycling of nucleotides and the replenishment of energy-rich molecules. The enzyme's activity also influences various cellular processes, including: 1. **Energy homeostasis**: AMPD2 regulates the levels of AMP, a key energy-rich molecule, by converting it to IMP, which can be reused for energy production. 2. **Purine metabolism**: The enzyme participates in the salvage pathway of purine metabolism, which involves the recycling of purine nucleotides and the prevention of purine waste. 3. **Cell growth and differentiation**: AMPD2's activity influences cell growth and differentiation by regulating the availability of purine nucleotides, which are essential for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. 4. **Neurotransmitter regulation**: The enzyme's expression in glycinergic neurons and GABAergic interneurons suggests a role in regulating neurotransmitter homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of AMPD2 has been implicated in various neurological and immunological disorders, including: 1. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: Altered AMPD2 expression and activity have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. 2. **Immune system disorders**: Impaired AMPD2 function has been associated with immune system disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 3. **Cancer**: Dysregulated AMPD2 expression has been observed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer. In conclusion, AMPD2 is a critical enzyme involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, purine metabolism, and cellular processes. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various neurological and immunological disorders, highlighting the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying AMPD2's functions and its role in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 610447293

Symbol: AMPD2_HUMAN

Name: AMP deaminase isoform L

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1429593

Title: Molecular cloning of AMP deaminase isoform L. Sequence and bacterial expression of human AMPD2 cDNA.

PubMed ID: 1429593

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41686-9

PubMed ID: 8526848

Title: Characterization of human AMP deaminase 2 (AMPD2) gene expression reveals alternative transcripts encoding variable N-terminal extensions of isoform L.

PubMed ID: 8526848

DOI: 10.1042/bj3120401

PubMed ID: 8764830

Title: Cloning, sequence and characterization of the human AMPD2 gene: evidence for transcriptional regulation by two closely spaced promoters.

PubMed ID: 8764830

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(96)00089-9

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17081983

Title: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.

PubMed ID: 17081983

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026

PubMed ID: 18088087

Title: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets.

PubMed ID: 18088087

DOI: 10.1021/pr0704130

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23911318

Title: AMPD2 regulates GTP synthesis and is mutated in a potentially treatable neurodegenerative brainstem disorder.

PubMed ID: 23911318

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.005

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 24482476

Title: Exome sequencing links corticospinal motor neuron disease to common neurodegenerative disorders.

PubMed ID: 24482476

DOI: 10.1126/science.1247363

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 825
  • Mass: 94890
  • Checksum: F79EAD41CBA771AC
  • Sequence:
  • MASYPSGSGK PKAKYPFKKR ASLQASTAAP EARGGLGAPP LQSARSLPGP APCLKHFPLD 
    LRTSMDGKCK EIAEELFTRS LAESELRSAP YEFPEESPIE QLEERRQRLE RQISQDVKLE 
    PDILLRAKQD FLKTDSDSDL QLYKEQGEGQ GDRSLRERDV LEREFQRVTI SGEEKCGVPF 
    TDLLDAAKSV VRALFIREKY MALSLQSFCP TTRRYLQQLA EKPLETRTYE QGPDTPVSAD 
    APVHPPALEQ HPYEHCEPST MPGDLGLGLR MVRGVVHVYT RREPDEHCSE VELPYPDLQE 
    FVADVNVLMA LIINGPIKSF CYRRLQYLSS KFQMHVLLNE MKELAAQKKV PHRDFYNIRK 
    VDTHIHASSC MNQKHLLRFI KRAMKRHLEE IVHVEQGREQ TLREVFESMN LTAYDLSVDT 
    LDVHADRNTF HRFDKFNAKY NPIGESVLRE IFIKTDNRVS GKYFAHIIKE VMSDLEESKY 
    QNAELRLSIY GRSRDEWDKL ARWAVMHRVH SPNVRWLVQV PRLFDVYRTK GQLANFQEML 
    ENIFLPLFEA TVHPASHPEL HLFLEHVDGF DSVDDESKPE NHVFNLESPL PEAWVEEDNP 
    PYAYYLYYTF ANMAMLNHLR RQRGFHTFVL RPHCGEAGPI HHLVSAFMLA ENISHGLLLR 
    KAPVLQYLYY LAQIGIAMSP LSNNSLFLSY HRNPLPEYLS RGLMVSLSTD DPLQFHFTKE 
    PLMEEYSIAT QVWKLSSCDM CELARNSVLM SGFSHKVKSH WLGPNYTKEG PEGNDIRRTN 
    VPDIRVGYRY ETLCQELALI TQAVQSEMLE TIPEEAGITM SPGPQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.