Details for: GLS2

Gene ID: 27165

Symbol: GLS2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135423

Description: glutaminase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 52.2678
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 32.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1300
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 6.6020
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1400
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 2.3266
    Cell Significance Index: 34.3400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.2140
    Cell Significance Index: 243.5300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.8951
    Cell Significance Index: 19.6000
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.8277
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.7752
    Cell Significance Index: 34.2900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.7740
    Cell Significance Index: 29.3100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.6023
    Cell Significance Index: 114.6200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.5606
    Cell Significance Index: 11.9400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.5360
    Cell Significance Index: 33.7800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4876
    Cell Significance Index: 96.7600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4613
    Cell Significance Index: 45.6400
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: 0.4412
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8900
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.4411
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.4258
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3438
    Cell Significance Index: 123.3300
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.3278
    Cell Significance Index: 19.6800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.2609
    Cell Significance Index: 13.7000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2393
    Cell Significance Index: 216.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2249
    Cell Significance Index: 36.5700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.2151
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1995
    Cell Significance Index: 12.2700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.1797
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.1639
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5800
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.1434
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4400
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 0.1334
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6800
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.1216
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1092
    Cell Significance Index: 18.6500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0968
    Cell Significance Index: 6.7000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.0911
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0802
    Cell Significance Index: 35.4800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0584
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5900
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.0419
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5000
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0404
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0213
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5100
  • Cell Name: L6 corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023042)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.0142
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0213
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1200
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0314
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0357
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0366
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0426
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0442
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0478
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0482
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0483
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0487
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0513
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0531
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -0.0547
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0759
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0100
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0764
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0772
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0776
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0815
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0827
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6100
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.0828
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1013
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1040
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9900
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1103
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1105
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1300
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.1110
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1136
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.1147
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.1267
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1294
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0800
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.1295
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1539
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6500
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.1600
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1619
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4400
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: -0.1642
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.1693
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GLS2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that exhibits high activity in the brain, particularly in neurons and glial cells. It is expressed in various cell types, including hepatoblasts, colon goblet cells, mural cells, and immune cells. The enzyme is composed of two subunits, which are encoded by separate genes. GLS2 is also known for its ability to regulate the activity of other enzymes and proteins involved in glutamate metabolism, including glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate transporters. **Pathways and Functions:** GLS2 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Glutamate Biosynthetic Process:** GLS2 catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamate, a crucial step in the biosynthesis of glutamate. 2. **Glutamate Neurotransmission Cycle:** GLS2 regulates the release of glutamate from neurons, which is essential for neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. 3. **Amino Acid Metabolic Process:** GLS2 is involved in the regulation of amino acid metabolism, including the breakdown of glutamine and glutamate. 4. **Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Metabolic Process:** GLS2 has been shown to regulate ROS production, which is essential for cell signaling and survival. **Functions:** The primary function of GLS2 is to regulate glutamate metabolism and neurotransmission. It achieves this by: 1. **Regulating Glutamate Release:** GLS2 controls the release of glutamate from neurons, which is essential for neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. 2. **Regulating Glutamate Biosynthesis:** GLS2 catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamate, a crucial step in the biosynthesis of glutamate. 3. **Regulating Amino Acid Metabolism:** GLS2 is involved in the regulation of amino acid metabolism, including the breakdown of glutamine and glutamate. **Clinical Significance:** GLS2 has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including: 1. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** GLS2 has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 2. **Mental Health Disorders:** GLS2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. 3. **Cancer:** GLS2 has been shown to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, including glioblastoma and ovarian cancer. In conclusion, GLS2 is a crucial enzyme involved in the regulation of glutamate metabolism and neurotransmission. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, highlighting the importance of further research into the role of GLS2 in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3831391070

Symbol: GLSL_HUMAN

Name: Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10620514

Title: Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression studies of the human breast cancer cell glutaminase.

PubMed ID: 10620514

DOI: 10.1042/bj3450365

PubMed ID: 12444921

Title: Genomic organization and transcriptional analysis of the human l-glutaminase gene.

PubMed ID: 12444921

DOI: 10.1042/bj20021445

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 11163757

Title: The C-terminus of human glutaminase L mediates association with PDZ domain-containing proteins.

PubMed ID: 11163757

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02373-5

PubMed ID: 20378837

Title: Glutaminase 2, a novel p53 target gene regulating energy metabolism and antioxidant function.

PubMed ID: 20378837

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1001006107

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 28526749

Title: The origin and evolution of human glutaminases and their atypical C-terminal ankyrin repeats.

PubMed ID: 28526749

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787291

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 602
  • Mass: 66323
  • Checksum: 6D0E1EFF01BC3843
  • Sequence:
  • MRSMKALQKA LSRAGSHCGR GGWGHPSRSP LLGGGVRHHL SEAAAQGRET PHSHQPQHQD 
    HDSSESGMLS RLGDLLFYTI AEGQERIPIH KFTTALKATG LQTSDPRLRD CMSEMHRVVQ 
    ESSSGGLLDR DLFRKCVSSN IVLLTQAFRK KFVIPDFEEF TGHVDRIFED VKELTGGKVA 
    AYIPQLAKSN PDLWGVSLCT VDGQRHSVGH TKIPFCLQSC VKPLTYAISI STLGTDYVHK 
    FVGKEPSGLR YNKLSLNEEG IPHNPMVNAG AIVVSSLIKM DCNKAEKFDF VLQYLNKMAG 
    NEYMGFSNAT FQSEKETGDR NYAIGYYLKE KKCFPKGVDM MAALDLYFQL CSVEVTCESG 
    SVMAATLANG GICPITGESV LSAEAVRNTL SLMHSCGMYD FSGQFAFHVG LPAKSAVSGA 
    ILLVVPNVMG MMCLSPPLDK LGNSHRGTSF CQKLVSLFNF HNYDNLRHCA RKLDPRREGA 
    EIRNKTVVNL LFAAYSGDVS ALRRFALSAM DMEQKDYDSR TALHVAAAEG HIEVVKFLIE 
    ACKVNPFAKD RWGNIPLDDA VQFNHLEVVK LLQDYQDSYT LSETQAEAAA EALSKENLES 
    MV

Genular Protein ID: 3159622555

Symbol: A0A087X004_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 337
  • Mass: 37094
  • Checksum: 4D8AD7C71F5D1372
  • Sequence:
  • MVNAGAIVVS SLIKMDCNKA EKFDFVLQYL NKMAGNEYMG FSNATFQSEK ETGDRNYAIG 
    YYLKEKKCFP KGVDMMAALD LYFQLCSVEV TCESGSVMAA TLANGGICPI TGESVLSAEA 
    VRNTLSLMHS CGMYDFSGQF AFHVGLPAKS AVSGAILLVV PNVMGMMCLS PPLDKLGNSH 
    RGTSFCQKLV SLFNFHNYDN LRHCARKLDP RREGAEIRNK TVVNLLFAAY SGDVSALRRF 
    ALSAMDMEQK DYDSRTALHV AAAEGHIEVV KFLIEACKVN PFAKDRWGNI PLDDAVQFNH 
    LEVVKLLQDY QDSYTLSETQ AEAAAEALSK ENLESMV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.