Details for: POLM

Gene ID: 27434

Symbol: POLM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122678

Description: DNA polymerase mu

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 96.9493
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 50.9771
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 31.4219
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8400
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 28.5778
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7000
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 12.2957
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 4.4870
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 3.8849
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3300
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 3.4349
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.9530
    Cell Significance Index: 860.4800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.6766
    Cell Significance Index: 73.6000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.6640
    Cell Significance Index: 39.8600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.6224
    Cell Significance Index: 101.2300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.5954
    Cell Significance Index: 12.9000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.5148
    Cell Significance Index: 59.9900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4702
    Cell Significance Index: 30.3400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.4128
    Cell Significance Index: 11.9000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.3262
    Cell Significance Index: 20.5600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.3220
    Cell Significance Index: 63.9000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.2974
    Cell Significance Index: 8.3100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2897
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.2799
    Cell Significance Index: 7.6200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.2685
    Cell Significance Index: 31.6700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2362
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.2265
    Cell Significance Index: 17.3800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2221
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.2118
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.2061
    Cell Significance Index: 37.1500
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2060
    Cell Significance Index: 20.3800
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.2047
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.1984
    Cell Significance Index: 27.2400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1672
    Cell Significance Index: 20.5600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1535
    Cell Significance Index: 83.8500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1451
    Cell Significance Index: 27.6200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1221
    Cell Significance Index: 24.4900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.1131
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1040
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0859
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0712
    Cell Significance Index: 25.5300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0648
    Cell Significance Index: 28.6700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0643
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0635
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0618
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: 79.4700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0300
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: 22.9300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: 27.1200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0284
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0396
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0415
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0454
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0540
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0589
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0630
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.0637
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0704
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0846
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1018
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2600
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.1120
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1136
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.1165
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1189
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1222
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1434
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7700
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.1496
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1669
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.1742
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1746
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1849
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.1928
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1900
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.2206
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.2286
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.2303
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2354
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2377
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: -0.2408
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2452
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2456
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1400
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2457
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8700
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.2507
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6700
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: -0.2533
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.2597
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8000
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2613
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.2823
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.2992
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.3122
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** DNA polymerase mu is a processive enzyme that exhibits high fidelity and processivity, allowing it to synthesize long DNA strands with high accuracy. It has a unique structure, consisting of five subunits (α, β, γ, δ, and ζ), which enable it to recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences. POLM is also capable of initiating DNA synthesis from template strands, making it essential for the initiation of DNA replication. Additionally, POLM possesses a 5' to 3' exonuclease activity, which allows it to proofread and correct errors during DNA synthesis. **Pathways and Functions:** POLM is involved in various DNA processes, including: 1. **DNA Replication:** POLM plays a crucial role in initiating DNA replication by synthesizing the leading strand and proofreading errors. 2. **DNA Repair:** POLM is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). 3. **DNA Recombination:** POLM participates in the recombination of DNA strands during meiosis and mitosis. 4. **DNA Biosynthesis:** POLM is essential for the synthesis of new DNA strands during cell division. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of POLM has been implicated in various human diseases, including: 1. **Cancer:** Mutations in POLM have been associated with increased cancer risk, particularly in the context of DNA repair defects. 2. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** POLM dysfunction has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 3. **Genetic Disorders:** POLM mutations have been identified in individuals with genetic disorders, such as Fanconi anemia and Ataxia-Telangiectasia. In conclusion, DNA polymerase mu is a vital enzyme that plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability and preventing disease. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of POLM and its role in human disease, with the ultimate goal of developing targeted therapies to treat genetic disorders and cancer.

Genular Protein ID: 3010478706

Symbol: DPOLM_HUMAN

Name: DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9NP87 D3DVK4 Q6P5X8 Q86WQ9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 7 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 2 ELM 1 EMBL 10 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 5 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 14 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 100 PDBsum 100 PIRSF 2 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 4 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 Rhea 3 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 4 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10747040

Title: DNA polymerase mu (Pol mu), homologous to TdT, could act as a DNA mutator in eukaryotic cells.

PubMed ID: 10747040

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.7.1731

PubMed ID: 10982892

Title: Two novel human and mouse DNA polymerases of the polX family.

PubMed ID: 10982892

DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.18.3684

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12640116

Title: Polymerase mu is a DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase.

PubMed ID: 12640116

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.7.2309-2315.2003

PubMed ID: 12888504

Title: Lack of sugar discrimination by human Pol mu requires a single glycine residue.

PubMed ID: 12888504

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkg637

PubMed ID: 17483519

Title: Involvement of DNA polymerase mu in the repair of a specific subset of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells.

PubMed ID: 17483519

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm243

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 17915942

Title: Solution structure of polymerase mu's BRCT Domain reveals an element essential for its role in nonhomologous end joining.

PubMed ID: 17915942

DOI: 10.1021/bi7007728

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 494
  • Mass: 54816
  • Checksum: B944059725F8B61F
  • Sequence:
    • MLPKRRRARV GSPSGDAASS TPPSTRFPGV AIYLVEPRMG RSRRAFLTGL ARSKGFRVLD 
ACSSEATHVV MEETSAEEAV SWQERRMAAA PPGCTPPALL DISWLTESLG AGQPVPVECR 
HRLEVAGPRK GPLSPAWMPA YACQRPTPLT HHNTGLSEAL EILAEAAGFE GSEGRLLTFC 
RAASVLKALP SPVTTLSQLQ GLPHFGEHSS RVVQELLEHG VCEEVERVRR SERYQTMKLF 
TQIFGVGVKT ADRWYREGLR TLDDLREQPQ KLTQQQKAGL QHHQDLSTPV LRSDVDALQQ 
VVEEAVGQAL PGATVTLTGG FRRGKLQGHD VDFLITHPKE GQEAGLLPRV MCRLQDQGLI 
LYHQHQHSCC ESPTRLAQQS HMDAFERSFC IFRLPQPPGA AVGGSTRPCP SWKAVRVDLV 
VAPVSQFPFA LLGWTGSKLF QRELRRFSRK EKGLWLNSHG LFDPEQKTFF QAASEEDIFR 
HLGLEYLPPE QRNA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.