Details for: GNB1

Gene ID: 2782

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: GNB1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078369

Description: G protein subunit beta 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 79.39
    rCSI 100%
    PRS 17.65
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 51.1
    rCSI 85.77%
    PRS 10.61
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 47.31
    rCSI 76.09%
    PRS 11.54
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 43.67
    rCSI 77.13%
    PRS 10.56
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 43.16
    rCSI 95.35%
    PRS 12.89
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 38.55
    rCSI 46.05%
    PRS 10.4
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 38.2
    rCSI 40.01%
    PRS 19.23
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 34.84
    rCSI 43.34%
    PRS 9.89
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 33.32
    rCSI 50.9%
    PRS 18.1
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 33.25
    rCSI 50.17%
    PRS 18.14
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 33.11
    rCSI 80.46%
    PRS 10.42
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 30.58
    rCSI 35.31%
    PRS 15.78
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 30.08
    rCSI 38.78%
    PRS 11.12
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 27.59
    rCSI 86.21%
    PRS 11.33
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 27.21
    rCSI 59.92%
    PRS 27.37
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 25.78
    rCSI 33.09%
    PRS 17.43
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 25.61
    rCSI 56.09%
    PRS 24.1
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 24.98
    rCSI 34.03%
    PRS 15.97
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 23.33
    rCSI 83.95%
    PRS 9.98
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 22.59
    rCSI 70.65%
    PRS 12.19
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 21.73
    rCSI 42.27%
    PRS 18.41
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 21.62
    rCSI 16.66%
    PRS 16.62
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 20.66
    rCSI 39.01%
    PRS 22.67
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 20.62
    rCSI 35.66%
    PRS 13.7
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 19.31
    rCSI 73%
    PRS 10.93
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 18.96
    rCSI 64.93%
    PRS 15.52
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 18.44
    rCSI 22.94%
    PRS 19.09
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 16.22
    rCSI 43.19%
    PRS 14.83
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 15.23
    rCSI 18.84%
    PRS 15.76
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 14.93
    rCSI 21.63%
    PRS 26.95
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 14.76
    rCSI 39.79%
    PRS 23.27
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 13.39
    rCSI 65.98%
    PRS 24.33
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 12.91
    rCSI 28.01%
    PRS 11.81
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 12.69
    rCSI 74.73%
    PRS 11.14
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 12.04
    rCSI 17.77%
    PRS 28.12
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 11.97
    rCSI 31.98%
    PRS 14.96
  • lung endothelial cell CL1001567
    CSI 11.71
    rCSI 27.3%
    PRS 41.59
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 11.4
    rCSI 18.21%
    PRS 19.71
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 11.27
    rCSI 43.86%
    PRS 29.62
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 10.9
    rCSI 43.38%
    PRS 31.11
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 10.33
    rCSI 51.35%
    PRS 19.23
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 10.32
    rCSI 48.32%
    PRS 36
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 9.72
    rCSI 34.5%
    PRS 29.25
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 9.53
    rCSI 9.18%
    PRS 18.64
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 9.52
    rCSI 22.63%
    PRS 26.98
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 9.03
    rCSI 66.38%
    PRS 10.2
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 9.02
    rCSI 11.31%
    PRS 23.31
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 8.92
    rCSI 25.01%
    PRS 27.85
  • midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097
    CSI 8.79
    rCSI 56.31%
    PRS 27.2
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 8.67
    rCSI 38.07%
    PRS 33.33
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 8.49
    rCSI 24.59%
    PRS 20.34
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 8.23
    rCSI 19.79%
    PRS 26.62
  • eye photoreceptor cell CL0000287
    CSI 8.18
    rCSI 92.03%
    PRS 43.07
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 7.81
    rCSI 5.91%
    PRS 24.79
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 7.6
    rCSI 44.23%
    PRS 26.85
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 7.57
    rCSI 19.67%
    PRS 23.25
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 7.53
    rCSI 6.91%
    PRS 21
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 7.26
    rCSI 33.52%
    PRS 37.19
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 7.08
    rCSI 9.67%
    PRS 20.37
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 6.88
    rCSI 59.3%
    PRS 8.22
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 6.69
    rCSI 16.98%
    PRS 13.64
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 6.69
    rCSI 19.84%
    PRS 25.41
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 6.48
    rCSI 17.05%
    PRS 34.85
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 6.47
    rCSI 39.13%
    PRS 39.74
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 6.44
    rCSI 8.56%
    PRS 19.71
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 6.35
    rCSI 8.83%
    PRS 18.47
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 6.05
    rCSI 4.21%
    PRS 21.43
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 5.72
    rCSI 13.57%
    PRS 22.32
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 5.69
    rCSI 80.7%
    PRS 13.32
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 5.43
    rCSI 14.17%
    PRS 16.53
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 5.43
    rCSI 13.97%
    PRS 23.64
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 5.41
    rCSI 8.63%
    PRS 15.44
  • tuft cell of colon CL0009041
    CSI 5.27
    rCSI 12.29%
    PRS 36.21
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 5.21
    rCSI 5.13%
    PRS 19.55
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 5.07
    rCSI 14.51%
    PRS 31.63
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 5.03
    rCSI 25.96%
    PRS 34.97
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 5.02
    rCSI 40.81%
    PRS 18.24
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 4.86
    rCSI 7.42%
    PRS 23.17
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 4.85
    rCSI 7.81%
    PRS 27.97
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 6.42%
    PRS 23.6
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 4.75
    rCSI 8.47%
    PRS 30.04
  • macrophage CL0000235
    CSI 4.66
    rCSI 8.48%
    PRS 60.24
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 4.54
    rCSI 4.18%
    PRS 18.6
  • cholangiocyte CL1000488
    CSI 4.53
    rCSI 27.17%
    PRS 29.95
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 4.49
    rCSI 9.94%
    PRS 16.68
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 4.38
    rCSI 3.56%
    PRS 19.02
  • endothelial cell of arteriole CL1000412
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 23.86%
    PRS 47.61
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 10.23%
    PRS 20.9
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 33.6%
    PRS 36.85
  • contractile cell CL0000183
    CSI 4.27
    rCSI 12.61%
    PRS 16.52
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 4.27
    rCSI 86.98%
    PRS 14.19
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 4.24
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 32.18
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 4.21
    rCSI 5.75%
    PRS 19.96
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 4.18
    rCSI 7.48%
    PRS 16.63
  • endothelial cell of artery CL1000413
    CSI 4.13
    rCSI 6.05%
    PRS 66.84
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 83.48%
    PRS 15.23
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 5.39%
    PRS 34.21
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 3.99
    rCSI 6.84%
    PRS 24.47
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 3.97
    rCSI 4.95%
    PRS 25.48
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 3.85
    rCSI 2.87%
    PRS 30.34
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI -2.6
    rCSI -4.0%
    PRS 41.8%
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI -2.5
    rCSI -1.8%
    PRS 26.7%
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI -1.9
    rCSI -5.7%
    PRS 41.9%
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI -1.5
    rCSI -1.7%
    PRS 28.9%
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI -1.2
    rCSI -10.1%
    PRS 11.4%
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI -1.1
    rCSI -3.2%
    PRS 38.6%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI -1.0
    rCSI -5.5%
    PRS 9.3%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI -1.0
    rCSI -2.4%
    PRS 18.2%
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI -0.9
    rCSI -2.4%
    PRS 26.6%
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI -0.8
    rCSI -9.0%
    PRS 60.5%
  • exhausted T cell CL0011025
    CSI -0.7
    rCSI -11.7%
    PRS 59.2%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI -0.4
    rCSI -0.6%
    PRS 17.5%
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI -0.4
    rCSI -1.0%
    PRS 27.4%
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI -0.3
    rCSI -1.5%
    PRS 32.0%
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI -0.2
    rCSI -0.2%
    PRS 33.3%
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI -0.1%
    PRS 33.6%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI 0.1%
    PRS 53.2%
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI 0.0%
    PRS 21.9%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 27.4%
  • peptic cell CL0000155
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 47.5%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 14.0%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 35.2%
  • brain vascular cell CL4023072
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 20.3%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 26.4%
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.1%
    PRS 25.6%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 33.3%
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.1%
    PRS 28.7%
  • transitional stage B cell CL0000818
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 47.4%
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.4%
    PRS 38.1%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 38.1%
  • natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.4%
    PRS 47.5%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 30.9%
  • endocrine cell CL0000163
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 60.8%
  • flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 18.4%
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 18.8%
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 32.0%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 23.2%
  • ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 61.4%
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 27.6%
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 33.8%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 27.5%
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 61.5%
  • respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 54.1%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 17.9%
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 36.5%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 23.8%
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 27.0%
  • brush cell CL0002204
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 44.1%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 22.7%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 23.7%
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 29.0%
  • bronchiolar smooth muscle cell CL4033017
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 50.3%
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 19.0%
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 10.3%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 18.6%
  • serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland CL4033005
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 56.2%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 31.4%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 13.9%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 17.6%
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 45.1%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 16.6%
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 53.4%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 21.5%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 35.2%
  • paneth cell of colon CL0009009
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 47.0%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 29.1%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 18.1%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 16.6%
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 35.8%
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 32.1%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 25.2%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 13.9%
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 35.9%
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 25.9%
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 24.9%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 16.2%
  • endothelial cell of venule CL1000414
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 59.5%
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 30.8%
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 13.8%
  • mesangial cell CL0000650
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 24.9%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 39.8%
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 40.1%
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 43.8%
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 18.6%
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 23.3%
    PRS 39.7%
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 29.1%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 19.0%
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 12.1%
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 25.0%
  • skeletal muscle satellite cell CL0000594
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 52.4%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 21.2%
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 18.4%
  • vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 55.6%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 21.5%
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 26.1%
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 29.0%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 23.6%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 28.5%
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 19.1%
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 31.1%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) encodes the G protein subunit beta 1, a core component of the heterotrimeric G protein complexes that are essential for signal transduction. These complexes act as molecular switches, coupling G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to downstream intracellular effectors. As a beta subunit, [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) plays a critical role in modulating the activity of the alpha subunit and can also directly interact with and regulate various signaling proteins. **Overall**, the expression profile of [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) is highest in cells that rely heavily on rapid and diverse signal integration, particularly within the nervous and endocrine systems. Its highest significance is observed in [retinal rod cell](/details-cell/CL0000604) and various subtypes of cortical interneurons, underscoring its fundamental role in vision and neurotransmission. Clinically, de novo mutations in [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) are associated with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities, including developmental delay, hypotonia, and seizures ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.011)), as documented in OMIM ([139380](https://omim.org/entry/139380)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression landscape of [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) highlights its indispensable function in sensory perception and neural communication. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest cell significance index (CSI) in [retinal rod cell](/details-cell/CL0000604) (CSI: 79.39), which is consistent with the established identity of GNB1 as a component of transducin, the G protein involved in visual phototransduction ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(86)81486-7)). Beyond the retina, [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) is a defining marker for multiple classes of central nervous system neurons, particularly inhibitory interneurons such as [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011), [sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023015), and [caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023064). This suggests a pivotal role for [GNB1](/details-gene/2782)-mediated signaling in regulating cortical circuit activity. The gene also displays significant expression in endocrine cells, including [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171) and [enteroendocrine cell of small intestine](/details-cell/CL0009006), indicating its involvement in hormonal regulation, such as glucagon secretion. The high CSI in [intermediate monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002393) further suggests a role in immune signaling, although its significance is notably low in many lymphocyte populations. Conversely, [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) shows minimal to negative significance in various lymphoid cells, such as [CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte](/details-cell/CL0000811), [immature B cell](/details-cell/CL0000816), and [germinal center B cell](/details-cell/CL0000844). This pattern suggests that while G protein signaling is ubiquitous, the specific requirement for high levels of [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) is less pronounced during certain stages of lymphocyte development and activation compared to its critical function in neuronal and sensory cells. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) confirm its central role as a transducer of extracellular signals. The gene is integral to the [G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway](/details-gene/GO:0007186) ([GO:0007186](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007186)), which encompasses a vast array of physiological processes. Its molecular functions include direct [GTPase binding](/details-gene/GO:0051020) ([GO:0051020](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051020)) and participation in the [heterotrimeric G-protein complex](/details-gene/GO:0005834) ([GO:0005834](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005834)). The Reactome pathway analysis provides a granular view of its diverse roles. Its high expression in [retinal rod cell](/details-cell/CL0000604) is directly explained by its involvement in [Visual phototransduction](/details-gene/R-HSA-2187338) ([R-HSA-2187338](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-2187338)). The prominent expression in various neurons is consistent with its function in pathways such as [Transmission across chemical synapses](/details-gene/R-HSA-112315) ([R-HSA-112315](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-112315)) and [Neuronal system](/details-gene/R-HSA-112316) ([R-HSA-112316](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-112316)). Furthermore, its role in [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171) is supported by its participation in [Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation](/details-gene/R-HSA-163359) ([R-HSA-163359](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-163359)) and [Regulation of insulin secretion](/details-gene/R-HSA-422356) ([R-HSA-422356](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-422356)). The data collectively portray [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) as a master regulator that integrates signals from numerous receptors, including those for dopamine, acetylcholine, and opioids, to control a wide spectrum of cellular responses. ## Research Directions The association of [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) mutations with severe neurodevelopmental disorders, combined with its highly specific expression pattern in the central nervous system, presents clear avenues for future research. The data suggest that the function of [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) is particularly critical in specific neuronal subtypes. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Pathogenic de novo mutations in [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) may disproportionately impair the function or development of specific cortical interneuron populations (e.g., [lamp5](/details-cell/CL4023011), [sncg](/details-cell/CL4023015) GABAergic neurons), where its expression is highest. This could disrupt the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the cortex, leading to the seizures and cognitive deficits observed in patients. 2. Given its high significance in [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171) and involvement in glucagon signaling, subtle variations in [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) function could contribute to metabolic dysregulation by altering the integration of hormonal signals that control glucagon secretion. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis, an effective strategy would be to utilize patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring a known pathogenic [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) mutation. These iPSCs, along with isogenic corrected controls, could be differentiated into cortical organoids. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) could then be performed on the organoids to quantify the proportions and transcriptomic health of different neuronal subtypes. This would reveal if the development or survival of specific interneurons, such as those expressing LAMP5 or SNCG, is compromised. Subsequently, multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings from these organoids could directly assess network activity and determine if there is an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance consistent with a seizure phenotype. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a ubiquitous and essential signaling protein, global inhibition of [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) is not a viable therapeutic strategy due to the high likelihood of severe, systemic side effects. However, for the neurodevelopmental disorders caused by [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) haploinsufficiency, a gene therapy approach aimed at restoring normal expression levels in affected neuronal populations could be a potential long-term strategy. Additionally, understanding the specific GPCRs and downstream effectors most affected by pathogenic [GNB1](/details-gene/2782) mutants in relevant cell types could reveal pathways amenable to more targeted pharmacological modulation, offering a way to mitigate specific aspects of the disease phenotype.

Genular Protein ID: 2345404785

Symbol: GBB1_HUMAN

Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3095147

Title: Beta-subunits of the human liver Gs/Gi signal-transducing proteins and those of bovine retinal rod cell transducin are identical.

PubMed ID: 3095147

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81486-7

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 14512443

Title: G Protein betagamma subunits stimulate p114RhoGEF, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA and Rac1: regulation of cell shape and reactive oxygen species production.

PubMed ID: 14512443

DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000097607.14733.0c

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19255495

Title: The cationic region of Rhes mediates its interactions with specific Gbeta subunits.

PubMed ID: 19255495

DOI: 10.1159/000204075

PubMed ID: 19713215

Title: Regulation of immature dendritic cell migration by RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor Arhgef5.

PubMed ID: 19713215

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.047282

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27108799

Title: Germline de novo mutations in GNB1 cause severe neurodevelopmental disability, hypotonia, and seizures.

PubMed ID: 27108799

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.011

PubMed ID: 34685729

Title: Pediatric Encephalopathy: Clinical, Biochemical and Cellular Insights into the Role of Gln52 of GNAO1 and GNAI1 for the Dominant Disease.

PubMed ID: 34685729

DOI: 10.3390/cells10102749

PubMed ID: 18611381

Title: Structure of the parathyroid hormone receptor C terminus bound to the G-protein dimer Gbeta1gamma2.

PubMed ID: 18611381

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2008.04.010

PubMed ID: 21827955

Title:

PubMed ID: 21827955

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.07.010

PubMed ID: 29925951

Title: Cryo-EM structure of the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor coupled to heterotrimeric Go.

PubMed ID: 29925951

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0241-9

PubMed ID: 34239069

Title: Structural basis for recognition of anti-migraine drug lasmiditan by the serotonin receptor 5-HT1F-G protein complex.

PubMed ID: 34239069

DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00527-4

PubMed ID: 33762731

Title: Structural insights into the lipid and ligand regulation of serotonin receptors.

PubMed ID: 33762731

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03376-8

PubMed ID: 33828102

Title: Cryo-EM structure of the human histamine H1 receptor/Gq complex.

PubMed ID: 33828102

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22427-2

PubMed ID: 35610220

Title: Structural insights into the ligand binding and Gi coupling of serotonin receptor 5-HT5A.

PubMed ID: 35610220

DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00412-3

PubMed ID: 35714614

Title: GPCRs steer Gi and Gs selectivity via TM5-TM6 switches as revealed by structures of serotonin receptors.

PubMed ID: 35714614

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.031

PubMed ID: 36171289

Title: Bespoke library docking for 5-HT2A receptor agonists with antidepressant activity.

PubMed ID: 36171289

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05258-z

PubMed ID: 35501348

Title: Activation and allosteric regulation of the orphan GPR88-Gi1 signaling complex.

PubMed ID: 35501348

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30081-5

PubMed ID: 35835867

Title: Inactive and active state structures template selective tools for the human 5-HT5A receptor.

PubMed ID: 35835867

DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00796-6

PubMed ID: 36087581

Title: Signaling snapshots of a serotonin receptor activated by the prototypical psychedelic LSD.

PubMed ID: 36087581

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.$2022.08.006

PubMed ID: 35061538

Title: Atypical structural snapshots of human cytomegalovirus GPCR interactions with host G proteins.

PubMed ID: 35061538

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5442

PubMed ID: 37327704

Title: Structural insight into the selective agonist ST1936 binding of serotonin receptor 5-HT6.

PubMed ID: 37327704

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.126

PubMed ID: 37963465

Title: Structural and signaling mechanisms of TAAR1 enabled preferential agonist design.

PubMed ID: 37963465

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.014

PubMed ID: 37935377

Title: Recognition of methamphetamine and other amines by trace amine receptor TAAR1.

PubMed ID: 37935377

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06775-1

PubMed ID: 37935376

Title: Ligand recognition and G-protein coupling of trace amine receptor TAAR1.

PubMed ID: 37935376

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06804-z

PubMed ID: 36989299

Title: Structural insights into constitutive activity of 5-HT6 receptor.

PubMed ID: 36989299

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209917120

PubMed ID: 37991948

Title: The mechanism of Galphaq regulation of PLCbeta3-catalyzed PIP2 hydrolysis.

PubMed ID: 37991948

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315011120

PubMed ID: 38552625

Title: Flexible scaffold-based cheminformatics approach for polypharmacological drug design.

PubMed ID: 38552625

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.034

PubMed ID: 38168118

Title: Molecular basis of human trace amine-associated receptor 1 activation.

PubMed ID: 38168118

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44601-4

PubMed ID: 25485910

Title: Mutations in G protein beta subunits promote transformation and kinase inhibitor resistance.

PubMed ID: 25485910

DOI: 10.1038/nm.3751

PubMed ID: 27668284

Title: Novel GNB1 missense mutation in a patient with generalized dystonia, hypotonia, and intellectual disability.

PubMed ID: 27668284

DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000106

PubMed ID: 28087732

Title: Novel GNB1 mutations disrupt assembly and function of G protein heterotrimers and cause global developmental delay in humans.

PubMed ID: 28087732

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx018

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 340
  • Mass: 37377
  • Checksum: 896CBD32D2686598
  • Sequence:
  • MSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIYA 
    MHWGTDSRLL VSASQDGKLI IWDSYTTNKV HAIPLRSSWV MTCAYAPSGN YVACGGLDNI 
    CSIYNLKTRE GNVRVSRELA GHTGYLSCCR FLDDNQIVTS SGDTTCALWD IETGQQTTTF 
    TGHTGDVMSL SLAPDTRLFV SGACDASAKL WDVREGMCRQ TFTGHESDIN AICFFPNGNA 
    FATGSDDATC RLFDLRADQE LMTYSHDNII CGITSVSFSK SGRLLLAGYD DFNCNVWDAL 
    KADRAGVLAG HDNRVSCLGV TDDGMAVATG SWDSFLKIWN

Genular Protein ID: 3055887314

Symbol: B3KVK2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 240
  • Mass: 25935
  • Checksum: 372B5998DF3B8414
  • Sequence:
  • MTCAYAPSGN YVACGGLDNI CSIYNLKTRE GNVRVSRELA GHTGYLSCCR FLDDNQIVTS 
    SGDTTCALWD IETGQQTTTF TGHTGDVMSL SLAPDTRLFV SGACDASAKL WDVREGMCRQ 
    TFTGHESDIN AICFFPNGNA FATGSDDATC RLFDLRADQE LMTYSHDNII CGITSVSFSK 
    SGRLLLAGYD DFNCNVWDAL KADRAGVLAG HDNRVSCLGV TDDGMAVATG SWDSFLKIWN