Details for: GRIA1

Gene ID: 2890

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: GRIA1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155511

Description: glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 75.59
    rCSI 100%
    PRS 94.99
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 70.87
    rCSI 84.66%
    PRS 94.26
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 66.63
    rCSI 85.89%
    PRS 94.79
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 64.89
    rCSI 80.73%
    PRS 93.29
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 50.88
    rCSI 81.84%
    PRS 94.29
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 49.33
    rCSI 82.8%
    PRS 94.45
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 48.08
    rCSI 84.91%
    PRS 94.2
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 41.71
    rCSI 96.28%
    PRS 94.64
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 33.08
    rCSI 36.23%
    PRS 98.8
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 32.85
    rCSI 71.26%
    PRS 92.16
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 32.69
    rCSI 37.75%
    PRS 95.28
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 31.66
    rCSI 64.24%
    PRS 90.63
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 30.75
    rCSI 81.89%
    PRS 91.53
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 30.57
    rCSI 73.11%
    PRS 93.25
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 29.91
    rCSI 72.68%
    PRS 92.87
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 28.83
    rCSI 36.99%
    PRS 97.06
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 28.28
    rCSI 52.96%
    PRS 94.94
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 28.02
    rCSI 87.65%
    PRS 94.99
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 26.1
    rCSI 41.63%
    PRS 95.26
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 25.69
    rCSI 51.59%
    PRS 96.33
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 25.22
    rCSI 95.17%
    PRS 91.66
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 24.61
    rCSI 76.91%
    PRS 94.52
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 24.53
    rCSI 44.08%
    PRS 95.94
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 24.5
    rCSI 80.51%
    PRS 92.48
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 22.63
    rCSI 51.64%
    PRS 95.71
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 21.19
    rCSI 43.54%
    PRS 91.89
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 21.17
    rCSI 76.19%
    PRS 93.19
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 20.79
    rCSI 19.35%
    PRS 98.93
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 20.62
    rCSI 84.02%
    PRS 94.13
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 20.4
    rCSI 68.36%
    PRS 91.6
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 19.98
    rCSI 58.98%
    PRS 97.95
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 19.05
    rCSI 55.2%
    PRS 94.67
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 18.99
    rCSI 71.76%
    PRS 93.75
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 17.24
    rCSI 44.31%
    PRS 96.11
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 16.44
    rCSI 24.43%
    PRS 97.17
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 15.04
    rCSI 51.5%
    PRS 91.93
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 13.69
    rCSI 52.12%
    PRS 95.24
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 13.32
    rCSI 62.66%
    PRS 92.03
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 13.21
    rCSI 37.55%
    PRS 96.54
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 12.86
    rCSI 75.7%
    PRS 94.03
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 12.69
    rCSI 22.49%
    PRS 81.48
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI 12.47
    rCSI 82.75%
    PRS 94.02
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 12.43
    rCSI 55.54%
    PRS 90.13
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 12.34
    rCSI 27.66%
    PRS 94.27
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 12.06
    rCSI 38.6%
    PRS 97.66
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 11.47
    rCSI 64.8%
    PRS 93.12
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 11.27
    rCSI 19.49%
    PRS 96.41
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 11.06
    rCSI 28.82%
    PRS 94.53
  • flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033
    CSI 10.42
    rCSI 74.47%
    PRS 92.76
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 10.02
    rCSI 73.62%
    PRS 94.97
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 9.9
    rCSI 43.57%
    PRS 92.51
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 9.8
    rCSI 13.4%
    PRS 96.93
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 9.74
    rCSI 66.27%
    PRS 93.46
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 9.48
    rCSI 73.46%
    PRS 93.5
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 9.19
    rCSI 79.15%
    PRS 94.6
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI 7.59
    rCSI 44.82%
    PRS 93.18
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 7.27
    rCSI 12.75%
    PRS 96.66
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 7.16
    rCSI 28%
    PRS 92.27
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 6.11
    rCSI 11.11%
    PRS 95.31
  • cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron CL4023111
    CSI 6.11
    rCSI 37.64%
    PRS 97.53
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 5.76
    rCSI 6.98%
    PRS 86.58
  • enteroglial cell CL4040002
    CSI 4.59
    rCSI 24.12%
    PRS 97.64
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 4.07
    rCSI 30.59%
    PRS 91.93
  • diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031
    CSI 3.95
    rCSI 45.26%
    PRS 89.76
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 3.92
    rCSI 34.54%
    PRS 91.47
  • midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097
    CSI 3.38
    rCSI 21.64%
    PRS 94.68
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 74.2%
    PRS 92.21
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 73.95%
    PRS 91.83
  • starburst amacrine cell CL0004232
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 21.2%
    PRS 90.29
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.27
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 94.12

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) (glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5q33.2. It encodes the GluA1 subunit of the AMPA-selective glutamate receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel that mediates the vast majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. These receptors are critical for synaptic plasticity, the cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. Expression data indicates that [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) is a key molecular component of the nervous system, with particularly high significance in specialized glial cells such as [Bergmann glial cells](/details-cell/CL0000644) and various subtypes of cortical [inhibitory interneurons](/details-cell/CL0000498) and [glutamatergic neurons](/details-cell/CL4030059). Clinically, variants in [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disability ([138248](https://omim.org/entry/138248)), as supported by several studies identifying pathogenic mutations [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.05.009). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) firmly establishes its role within the central nervous system, where it functions as a defining component of both neuronal and glial cell types. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest significance in [Bergmann glial cells](/details-cell/CL0000644) (CSI: 75.59), a specialized astrocyte population in the cerebellum known to envelop Purkinje cell synapses, suggesting a critical role in glial-neuronal communication and synaptic modulation in this brain region. Beyond this glial specialization, [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) is a prominent marker across a diverse array of neuronal subtypes, highlighting its fundamental importance in neural circuitry. It is highly significant in multiple classes of cortical interneurons, including [VIP GABAergic cortical interneurons](/details-cell/CL4023016), [sst GABAergic cortical interneurons](/details-cell/CL4023017), and [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneurons](/details-cell/CL4023018). This demonstrates its integral role in regulating inhibitory signaling. Concurrently, its significant expression in excitatory neurons, such as [L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neurons](/details-cell/CL4030059), underscores its canonical function in mediating excitatory postsynaptic currents. The broad and high-level expression across these distinct [neuron](/details-cell/CL0000540) populations indicates that [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890)-containing AMPA receptors are a ubiquitous and essential feature of synaptic transmission throughout the cortex. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) are highly consistent with its role as a core component of the postsynaptic density in excitatory synapses. The gene's primary molecular function is `Ampa glutamate receptor activity` ([GO:0004971](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004971)) and `Glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity` ([GO:0022849](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0022849)). This activity is central to biological processes such as `Synaptic transmission, glutamatergic` ([GO:0035249](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0035249)) and the modulation of synaptic strength through `Long-term synaptic potentiation` ([GO:0060291](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0060291)) and `Long-term synaptic depression` ([GO:0060292](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0060292)). Reactome pathway analysis further refines this role, placing [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) at the heart of `Neuronal system` ([R-HSA-112316](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-112316)) function. Specifically, it is a key player in `Activation of ampa receptors` ([R-HSA-399710](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-399710)) and subsequent downstream signaling. The dynamic regulation of synaptic strength is reflected in its involvement in the `Trafficking of ampa receptors` pathway ([R-HSA-399719](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-399719)), a process critical for learning and memory. This is consistent with its cellular localization at the `Postsynaptic membrane` ([GO:0045211](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045211)) and within the `Dendritic spine` ([GO:0043197](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043197)). The numerous protein binding annotations, such as `Pdz domain binding` ([GO:0030165](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030165)) and `Scaffold protein binding` ([GO:0097110](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0097110)), indicate its integration into a large postsynaptic protein complex that regulates its localization, trafficking, and function. ## Research Directions Recent studies have linked pathogenic variants in [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) to neurodevelopmental syndromes, shifting its status from a fundamental neuroscience gene to one of direct clinical relevance [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.05.009). This, combined with its specific expression patterns, opens several avenues for future research. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. The exceptionally high significance of [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) in [Bergmann glial cells](/details-cell/CL0000644), which physically interact with cerebellar synapses, suggests a non-canonical role for this receptor. We hypothesize that glial [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) functions as a sensor for synaptic glutamate spillover, triggering intracellular calcium signals that actively modulate synaptic pruning, maintenance, and plasticity at neighboring Purkinje cell synapses. 2. Given that missense mutations in [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) are associated with intellectual disability, we hypothesize that these variants do not cause a simple loss of function but instead subtly alter the biophysical properties of the AMPA receptor, such as channel gating kinetics, desensitization, or its interaction with trafficking proteins. These alterations would lead to aberrant synaptic plasticity during critical periods of cortical development. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of glial [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890), a conditional knockout mouse model could be generated using a Bergmann glia-specific Cre-driver (e.g., GLAST-CreERT2) to delete [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) specifically in this cell population post-developmentally. Cerebellar brain slices from these mice could be analyzed using patch-clamp electrophysiology to measure changes in Purkinje cell synaptic transmission and plasticity, particularly long-term depression (LTD). Furthermore, in vivo two-photon microscopy could be employed to track the structural dynamics of dendritic spines on Purkinje cells over time, assessing whether the absence of glial [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) leads to synaptic instability or abnormal pruning. **Therapeutic Potential:** [GRIA1](/details-gene/2890) represents a challenging but potentially important therapeutic target. Its ubiquitous and critical role in excitatory neurotransmission means that systemic, non-specific inhibitors would likely cause severe neurological side effects. However, for neurodevelopmental disorders caused by loss-of-function variants, a therapeutic strategy involving positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), or "ampakines," could be explored. These molecules would aim to enhance the function of the remaining or hypoactive receptors. Conversely, for any potential gain-of-function variants associated with conditions like epilepsy, highly specific negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) might be beneficial. The success of any such approach would depend on the ability to achieve circuit-specific modulation or target the specific biophysical defects caused by the pathogenic mutations.

Genular Protein ID: 3604620142

Symbol: GRIA1_HUMAN

Name: AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1652753

Title: Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of one of the human glutamate receptor genes.

PubMed ID: 1652753

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.17.7557

PubMed ID: 1320959

Title: The human glutamate receptor cDNA GluR1: cloning, sequencing, expression and localization to chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 1320959

DOI: 10.3109/10425179209020805

PubMed ID: 1311100

Title: Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of human brain glutamate receptors.

PubMed ID: 1311100

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.4.1443

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15372022

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 15372022

DOI: 10.1038/nature02919

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21172611

Title: Hippocampal AMPA receptor gating controlled by both TARP and cornichon proteins.

PubMed ID: 21172611

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.026

PubMed ID: 20805473

Title: Functional comparison of the effects of TARPs and cornichons on AMPA receptor trafficking and gating.

PubMed ID: 20805473

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1011706107

PubMed ID: 23739980

Title: A eukaryotic specific transmembrane segment is required for tetramerization in AMPA receptors.

PubMed ID: 23739980

DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2626-12.2013

PubMed ID: 30135643

Title: Mechanisms of CPT1C-Dependent AMPAR Trafficking Enhancement.

PubMed ID: 30135643

DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00275

PubMed ID: 23033978

Title: Diagnostic exome sequencing in persons with severe intellectual disability.

PubMed ID: 23033978

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1206524

PubMed ID: 28628100

Title: Hotspots of missense mutation identify neurodevelopmental disorder genes and functional domains.

PubMed ID: 28628100

DOI: 10.1038/nn.4589

PubMed ID: 35675825

Title: Identification and functional evaluation of GRIA1 missense and truncation variants in individuals with ID: An emerging neurodevelopmental syndrome.

PubMed ID: 35675825

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.05.009

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 906
  • Mass: 101506
  • Checksum: 03EA1E026D0A9A2F
  • Sequence:
  • MQHIFAFFCT GFLGAVVGAN FPNNIQIGGL FPNQQSQEHA AFRFALSQLT EPPKLLPQID 
    IVNISDSFEM TYRFCSQFSK GVYAIFGFYE RRTVNMLTSF CGALHVCFIT PSFPVDTSNQ 
    FVLQLRPELQ DALISIIDHY KWQKFVYIYD ADRGLSVLQK VLDTAAEKNW QVTAVNILTT 
    TEEGYRMLFQ DLEKKKERLV VVDCESERLN AILGQIIKLE KNGIGYHYIL ANLGFMDIDL 
    NKFKESGANV TGFQLVNYTD TIPAKIMQQW KNSDARDHTR VDWKRPKYTS ALTYDGVKVM 
    AEAFQSLRRQ RIDISRRGNA GDCLANPAVP WGQGIDIQRA LQQVRFEGLT GNVQFNEKGR 
    RTNYTLHVIE MKHDGIRKIG YWNEDDKFVP AATDAQAGGD NSSVQNRTYI VTTILEDPYV 
    MLKKNANQFE GNDRYEGYCV ELAAEIAKHV GYSYRLEIVS DGKYGARDPD TKAWNGMVGE 
    LVYGRADVAV APLTITLVRE EVIDFSKPFM SLGISIMIKK PQKSKPGVFS FLDPLAYEIW 
    MCIVFAYIGV SVVLFLVSRF SPYEWHSEEF EEGRDQTTSD QSNEFGIFNS LWFSLGAFMQ 
    QGCDISPRSL SGRIVGGVWW FFTLIIISSY TANLAAFLTV ERMVSPIESA EDLAKQTEIA 
    YGTLEAGSTK EFFRRSKIAV FEKMWTYMKS AEPSVFVRTT EEGMIRVRKS KGKYAYLLES 
    TMNEYIEQRK PCDTMKVGGN LDSKGYGIAT PKGSALRNPV NLAVLKLNEQ GLLDKLKNKW 
    WYDKGECGSG GGDSKDKTSA LSLSNVAGVF YILIGGLGLA MLVALIEFCY KSRSESKRMK 
    GFCLIPQQSI NEAIRTSTLP RNSGAGASSG GSGENGRVVS HDFPKSMQSI PCMSHSSGMP 
    LGATGL

Genular Protein ID: 938772174

Symbol: Q59GL5_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 833
  • Mass: 93291
  • Checksum: BDBA6AF7FEC49566
  • Sequence:
  • ICSQFSKGVY AIFGFYERRT VNMLTSFCGA LHVCFITPSF PVDTSNQFVL QLRPELQDAL 
    ISIIDHYKWQ KFVYIYDADR GLSVLQKVLD TAAEKNWQVT AVNILTTTEE GYRMLFQDLE 
    KKKERLVVVD CESERLNAIL GQIIKLEKNG IGYHYILANL GFMDIDLNKF KESGANVTGF 
    QLVNYTDTIP AKIMQQWKNS DARDHTRVDW KRPKYTSALT YDGVKVMAEA FQSLRRQRID 
    ISRRGNAGDC LANPAVPWGQ GIDIQRALQQ VRFEGLTGNV QFNEKGRRTN YTLHVIEMKH 
    DGIRKIGYWN EDDKFVPAAT DAQAGGDNSS VQNRTYIVTT ILEDPYVMLK KNANQFEGND 
    RYEGYCVELA AEIAKHVGYS YRLEIVSDGK YGARDPDTKA WNGMVGELVY GRADVAVAPL 
    TITLVREEVI DFSKPFMSLG ISIMIKKPQK SKPGVFSFLD PLAYEIWMCI VFAYIGVSVV 
    LFLVSRFSPY EWHSEEFEEG RDQTTSDQSN EFGIFNSLWF SLGAFMQQGC DISPRSLSGR 
    IVGGVWWFFT LIIISSYTAN LAAFLTVERM VSPIESAEDL AKQTEIAYGT LEAGSTKEFF 
    RRSKIAVFEK MWTYMKSAEP SVFVRTTEEG MIRVRKSKGK YAYLLESTMN EYIEQRKPCD 
    TMKVGGNLDS KGYGIATPKG SALRGPVNLA VLKLSEQGVL DKLKSKWWYD KGECGSKDSG 
    SKDKTSALSL SNVAGVFYIL IGGLGLAMLV ALIEFCYKSR SESKRMKGFC LIPQQSINEA 
    IRTSTLPRNS GAGASSGGSG ENGRVVSHDF PKSMQSIPCM SHSSGMPLGA TGL