TRA2A | ENSG00000164548 | NCBI 29896

Details for: TRA2A

Gene ID: 29896

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TRA2A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164548

Description: transformer 2 alpha homolog

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
(GO:0043231)
Mrna splicing, via spliceosome
(GO:0000398)
Nucleolus
(GO:0005730)
Nucleoplasm
(GO:0005654)
Nucleus
(GO:0005634)
Positive regulation of mrna splicing, via spliceosome
(GO:0048026)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Rna binding
(GO:0003723)
Spliceosomal complex
(GO:0005681)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011

CSI 40.42

rCSI 67.84%

PRS 9.07
L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040

CSI 34.59

rCSI 84.07%

PRS 8.87
sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017

CSI 32.96

rCSI 42.49%

PRS 9.54
sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015

CSI 32.04

rCSI 51.53%

PRS 9.87
differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059

CSI 31.93

rCSI 58.02%

PRS 12.61
pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018

CSI 31.6

rCSI 39.31%

PRS 8.42
neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338

CSI 31.28

rCSI 36.13%

PRS 13.5
conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432

CSI 29.95

rCSI 45.74%

PRS 15.49
L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038

CSI 26.13

rCSI 81.67%

PRS 9.7
VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016

CSI 25.09

rCSI 29.97%

PRS 8.87
caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064

CSI 24.19

rCSI 42.71%

PRS 9.05
near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012

CSI 22.75

rCSI 85.97%

PRS 9.3
neural crest cell CL0011012

CSI 22.4

rCSI 17.71%

PRS 10.6
L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041

CSI 21.92

rCSI 78.88%

PRS 8.48
chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036

CSI 20.94

rCSI 65.48%

PRS 10.4
neuron CL0000540

CSI 19.7

rCSI 52.45%

PRS 12.27
radial glial cell CL0000681

CSI 19.4

rCSI 26.95%

PRS 15.87
retinal ganglion cell CL0000740

CSI 17.94

rCSI 39.64%

PRS 11.05
keratocyte CL0002363

CSI 16.21

rCSI 38.97%

PRS 23.01
corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013

CSI 14.73

rCSI 86.72%

PRS 9.54
oligodendrocyte precursor cell CL0002453

CSI 13.55

rCSI 29.83%

PRS 9.66
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 13.31

rCSI 16.56%

PRS 16.32
glioblast CL0000030

CSI 12.97

rCSI 20.69%

PRS 13.27
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 12.59

rCSI 34.58%

PRS 25.47
central nervous system neuron CL2000029

CSI 11.39

rCSI 83.7%

PRS 8.28
neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031

CSI 10.51

rCSI 13.49%

PRS 15.01
small intestine goblet cell CL1000495

CSI 10.42

rCSI 22.82%

PRS 20.62
large pre-B-II cell CL0000957

CSI 9.58

rCSI 27.34%

PRS 26.43
endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092

CSI 9.56

rCSI 47.11%

PRS 20.94
corneal epithelial cell CL0000575

CSI 8.95

rCSI 25.59%

PRS 27.2
kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111

CSI 7.81

rCSI 11.07%

PRS 14.33
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 7.75

rCSI 9.73%

PRS 19.83
forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000

CSI 7.52

rCSI 24.12%

PRS 22.4
unswitched memory B cell CL0000970

CSI 7.07

rCSI 5.95%

PRS 24.67
T-helper 1 cell CL0000545

CSI 6.93

rCSI 12.5%

PRS 39.68
bronchial goblet cell CL1000312

CSI 6.74

rCSI 26.92%

PRS 33.21
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 5.82

rCSI 47.37%

PRS 15.79
intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017

CSI 5.74

rCSI 15.48%

PRS 19.91
parietal epithelial cell CL1000452

CSI 5.41

rCSI 14.47%

PRS 12.75
H2 horizontal cell CL0004218

CSI 4.89

rCSI 24.3%

PRS 16.24
respiratory goblet cell CL0002370

CSI 4.72

rCSI 51.29%

PRS 29.51
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839

CSI 4.63

rCSI 23.88%

PRS 30.1
brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075

CSI 4.62

rCSI 13.7%

PRS 22.13
paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343

CSI 4.22

rCSI 11.83%

PRS 23.88
natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903

CSI 4.11

rCSI 7.78%

PRS 41.33
kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695

CSI 4.03

rCSI 10.49%

PRS 14.04
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 3.99

rCSI 3.35%

PRS 18.47
immature B cell CL0000816

CSI 3.98

rCSI 2.96%

PRS 22.78
direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026

CSI 3.77

rCSI 90.36%

PRS 7.29
transitional stage B cell CL0000818

CSI 3.71

rCSI 12.16%

PRS 41.49
indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029

CSI 3.71

rCSI 89.56%

PRS 8.26
ependymal cell CL0000065

CSI 3.62

rCSI 7.35%

PRS 7.04
type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279

CSI 3.6

rCSI 6.76%

PRS 30.24
inflammatory macrophage CL0000863

CSI 3.27

rCSI 5.59%

PRS 31.1
colon macrophage CL0009038

CSI 3.24

rCSI 14.96%

PRS 31.96
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 3.23

rCSI 3.11%

PRS 31.61
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 3.22

rCSI 4.39%

PRS 36.56
hepatic stellate cell CL0000632

CSI 3.21

rCSI 12.03%

PRS 13.06
basophil CL0000767

CSI 3.15

rCSI 6.67%

PRS 30.99
tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864

CSI 3.15

rCSI 14.74%

PRS 31.24
L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063

CSI 3.11

rCSI 7.43%

PRS 8.89
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 3.08

rCSI 2.33%

PRS 21.22
endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022

CSI 3.07

rCSI 9.47%

PRS 23.12
invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034

CSI 3.05

rCSI 18.03%

PRS 15.81
acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623

CSI 3.02

rCSI 70.3%

PRS 28.3
enteroglial cell CL4040002

CSI 2.96

rCSI 15.54%

PRS 27.03
midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097

CSI 2.9

rCSI 18.55%

PRS 22.86
glandular epithelial cell CL0000150

CSI 2.89

rCSI 7.6%

PRS 30.07
ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052

CSI 2.84

rCSI 40.32%

PRS 10.96
ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046

CSI 2.79

rCSI 56.8%

PRS 11.71
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 2.78

rCSI 3.13%

PRS 24.74
GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027

CSI 2.74

rCSI 9.39%

PRS 13.27
OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047

CSI 2.65

rCSI 54.03%

PRS 12.69
eye photoreceptor cell CL0000287

CSI 2.65

rCSI 29.79%

PRS 37.01
kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768

CSI 2.62

rCSI 6.64%

PRS 11.69
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 2.6

rCSI 2.29%

PRS 11.2
enteric neuron CL0007011

CSI 2.52

rCSI 37.26%

PRS 37.31
glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028

CSI 2.45

rCSI 6.39%

PRS 15.03
GABAergic neuron CL0000617

CSI 2.41

rCSI 8.09%

PRS 10.52
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 2.37

rCSI 4.57%

PRS 34.46
endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139

CSI 2.33

rCSI 12.74%

PRS 25.39
enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071

CSI 2.29

rCSI 12.04%

PRS 26.95
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 2.29

rCSI 3.54%

PRS 14.43
naive B cell CL0000788

CSI 2.29

rCSI 1.97%

PRS 26.08
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 2.26

rCSI 3.08%

PRS 13.72
intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538

CSI 2.25

rCSI 5.41%

PRS 27.68
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 2.19

rCSI 2.51%

PRS 31.46
mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134

CSI 2.18

rCSI 23.86%

PRS 27.63
adventitial cell CL0002503

CSI 2.12

rCSI 5.07%

PRS 23.73
L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059

CSI 2.08

rCSI 4.5%

PRS 9.23
subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521

CSI 2.02

rCSI 10.34%

PRS 13.9
vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051

CSI 2.01

rCSI 3.52%

PRS 11.45
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 1.99

rCSI 2.76%

PRS 22
alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 1.99

rCSI 3.28%

PRS 18.11
oligodendrocyte CL0000128

CSI 1.94

rCSI 5.73%

PRS 11.7
hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001

CSI 1.93

rCSI 1.99%

PRS 25.12
neural cell CL0002319

CSI 1.89

rCSI 7.15%

PRS 21.72
collagen secreting cell CL0000667

CSI 1.88

rCSI 10.77%

PRS 49.9
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI 1.87

rCSI 6.06%

PRS 18.84
late pro-B cell CL0002048

CSI 1.82

rCSI 4.56%

PRS 43.14

CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792

CSI -6.7

rCSI -6.5%

PRS 24.2%
lung pericyte CL0009089

CSI -5.4

rCSI -14.2%

PRS 18.5%
squamous epithelial cell CL0000076

CSI -4.7

rCSI -11.0%

PRS 19.3%
dopaminergic neuron CL0000700

CSI -2.2

rCSI -12.4%

PRS 7.3%
M cell of gut CL0000682

CSI -1.3

rCSI -1.4%

PRS 27.1%
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI -0.8

rCSI -1.5%

PRS 20.4%
lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223

CSI -0.8

rCSI -1.2%

PRS 17.7%
brain vascular cell CL4023072

CSI -0.7

rCSI -6.7%

PRS 15.6%
luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340

CSI -0.6

rCSI -3.0%

PRS 27.6%
lung resident memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033039

CSI -0.6

rCSI -1.4%

PRS 39.3%
OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750

CSI -0.4

rCSI -0.6%

PRS 24.6%
mesenchymal cell CL0008019

CSI -0.4

rCSI -1.0%

PRS 15.6%
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI -0.4

rCSI -0.3%

PRS 15.4%
pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064

CSI -0.3

rCSI -0.4%

PRS 16.9%
pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010

CSI -0.3

rCSI -3.3%

PRS 47.7%
serotonergic neuron CL0000850

CSI -0.1

rCSI -0.6%

PRS 7.5%
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI -0.1

rCSI -0.2%

PRS 16.3%
cerebellar neuron CL1001611

CSI -0.1

rCSI -0.8%

PRS 8.2%
cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI 0.0

rCSI 0.0%

PRS 22.5%
paneth cell of colon CL0009009

CSI 0.0

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 41.9%
regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131

CSI 0.0

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 12.0%
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 30.0%
Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 32.1%
hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.4%

PRS 56.5%
B-2 B cell CL0000822

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 67.5%
lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.7%

PRS 45.6%
pluripotent stem cell CL0002248

CSI 0.1

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 34.6%
neuroendocrine cell CL0000165

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 31.2%
regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 16.3%
respiratory hillock cell CL4030023

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 26.1%
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 23.6%
macroglial cell CL0000126

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 20.8%
eosinophil CL0000771

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 39.3%
thymocyte CL0000893

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 47.1%
S cone cell CL0003050

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 12.1%
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.1%

PRS 21.9%
mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 41.7%
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 27.3%
P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 37.2%
odontoblast CL0000060

CSI 0.2

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 60.0%
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 51.3%
pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 23.2%
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.1%

PRS 18.6%
serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland CL4033005

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 51.8%
lung resident memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033038

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 68.7%
muscle cell CL0000187

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 34.9%
colon goblet cell CL0009039

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 23.2%
primitive red blood cell CL0002355

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 28.3%
Langerhans cell CL0000453

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 27.0%
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 15.5%
pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 15.8%
diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031

CSI 0.3

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 16.2%
mucus secreting cell CL0000319

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 19.9%
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 14.3%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 19.9%
germinal center B cell CL0000844

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 37.2%
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 22.6%
mesangial cell CL0000650

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 20.7%
CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 34.3%
mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 27.6%
erythroblast CL0000765

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 25.1%
basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 33.2%
deuterosomal cell CL4033044

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 25.3%
basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 33.8%
progenitor cell CL0011026

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 25.5%
stratified epithelial cell CL0000079

CSI 0.3

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 53.6%
centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 24.1%
lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 25.3%
acinar cell CL0000622

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 20.3%
basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 54.0%
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 24.6%
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 17.9%
glial cell CL0000125

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 15.2%
hepatocyte CL0000182

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 14.3%
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 16.2%
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 17.6%
pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 19.4%
hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 24.5%
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 21.1%
diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 15.4%
tendon cell CL0000388

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 39.7%
skeletal muscle satellite cell CL0000594

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 46.3%
cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell CL0010006

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 16.9%
innate lymphoid cell CL0001065

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 23.3%
contractile cell CL0000183

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 12.9%
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 24.3%
type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.4%

PRS 25.2%
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 30.8%
mesothelial cell CL0000077

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 3.8%
podocyte CL0000653

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 15.1%
colonocyte CL1000347

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 21.2%
fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 10.8%
brush cell CL0002204

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 38.5%
lung macrophage CL1001603

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 17.7%
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 16.0%
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 14.2%
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 18.3%
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 26.0%
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 14.4%
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 17.5%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896), or Transformer-2 protein homolog A, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 7p15.3. It is the human homolog of a *Drosophila* sex-determination factor and functions as a sequence-specific activator of pre-mRNA splicing ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81153-8), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.17.9004)). As an essential component of the spliceosome, [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) is involved in the positive regulation of mRNA splicing ([GO:0048026](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0048026)). **Overall**, expression data reveals that [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) shows particularly high significance in a wide array of neuronal cell types, especially cortical interneurons and glutamatergic neurons, suggesting a critical role in establishing and maintaining the complex transcriptome of the central nervous system. Its clinical relevance is noted in OMIM ([602718](https://omim.org/entry/602718)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression pattern of [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) highlights its prominent role within the central nervous system. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest significance in diverse neuronal populations, indicating it is a key regulator of neural function. It is a top marker in various GABAergic cortical interneurons, including `[lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011)` (CSI: 40.42), `[sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017)` (CSI: 32.96), and `[pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018)` (CSI: 31.60), as well as in `[L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4023040)` (CSI: 34.59). This broad yet high expression across both inhibitory and excitatory neurons suggests its splicing activity is fundamental to general neuronal identity and function rather than being restricted to a specific lineage. Furthermore, its high significance in developing neural cells such as `[differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor](/details-cell/CL4023059)` (CSI: 31.93) and `[neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)](/details-cell/CL0000338)` (CSI: 31.28) points towards an additional role in neurodevelopment and gliogenesis. Conversely, the low expression of [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) defines the boundaries of its primary functions. The gene shows minimal to negative significance in immune cells like `[CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000792)` (CSI: -6.65), structural cells like `[squamous epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000076)` (CSI: -4.65), and mesenchymal cell types like `[lung pericyte](/details-cell/CL0009089)` (CSI: -5.38). This pattern indicates that while [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) is a core component of the splicing machinery, its expression levels are tightly regulated and particularly elevated in the nervous system, implying it controls splicing events critical for that tissue's unique complexity. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) is intrinsically linked to RNA processing. Its primary annotated biological process is `[mRNA splicing, via spliceosome](/details-go/GO:0000398)`, and it is known to positively regulate this activity ([GO:0048026](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0048026)). This function is mediated through its molecular ability to bind both RNA ([GO:0003723](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003723)) and other proteins ([GO:0005515](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515)), allowing it to integrate into the `[spliceosomal complex](/details-go/GO:0005681)`. Cellularly, it is localized to the `[nucleus](/details-go/GO:0005634)`, specifically within the `[nucleoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005654)` and the `[nucleolus](/details-go/GO:0005730)`, which are the primary sites of RNA processing. This central role in alternative splicing is consistent with its high expression in the nervous system, where this mechanism generates immense proteomic diversity from a limited number of genes, a feature essential for specifying diverse neuronal subtypes and functions. ## Research Directions Given the gene's high and specific expression across a multitude of neuronal and glial precursor cells, future research should focus on its role in neurological health and disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in nearly all major classes of cortical interneurons (lamp5, sst, pvalb, VIP), deregulation of [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896)-mediated alternative splicing may disrupt the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the cerebral cortex, contributing to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like epilepsy or schizophrenia. 2. The high expression of [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) in `[differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor](/details-cell/CL4023059)` suggests it plays a crucial role in myelination. Therefore, loss of [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) function could impair oligodendrocyte maturation by altering the splicing of key myelin-related transcripts, potentially implicating it in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. **Experimental Approach:** To test the second hypothesis regarding myelination, an in vitro and in vivo approach could be employed. Primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) could be isolated and cultured. [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) could be knocked down using shRNA or knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9. The effect on OPC differentiation into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes would be quantified by measuring the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) via immunofluorescence and Western blot. Concurrently, RNA-sequencing of the manipulated OPCs would be performed to identify specific splicing events controlled by [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) that are critical for differentiation. These findings could then be validated in a conditional knockout mouse model to assess the in vivo impact on CNS myelination during development and remyelination following injury. **Therapeutic Potential:** Direct therapeutic targeting of [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) itself presents significant challenges. As a core splicing factor, its systemic inhibition would likely be highly toxic. However, its enriched expression in the CNS suggests that neurological disorders driven by specific splicing defects could be amenable to more targeted therapies. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to correct specific pathogenic splicing events downstream of [TRA2A](/details-gene/29896) could represent a viable strategy. This approach would modulate the outcome of its activity rather than inhibiting the protein directly, offering a higher degree of specificity and potentially a better safety profile for treating neurological conditions.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Transformer-2 protein homolog A

Genular Protein ID: 3743179675

Symbol: TRA2A_HUMAN

Name: Transformer-2 protein homolog A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q13595 B4DQI6 B4DUA9 E9PD75

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8799144

Title: A human homologue of the Drosophila sex determination factor transformer-2 has conserved splicing regulatory functions.

PubMed ID: 8799144

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.17.9004

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9546399

Title: Human Tra2 proteins are sequence-specific activators of pre-mRNA splicing.

PubMed ID: 9546399

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81153-8

PubMed ID: 17081983

Title: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.

PubMed ID: 17081983

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19369195

Title: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.

PubMed ID: 19369195

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800588-mcp200

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

Sequence Information:

Length: 282
Mass: 32689
Checksum: EDB5ABE7BEA023FD
Sequence:

MSDVEENNFE GRESRSQSKS PTGTPARVKS ESRSGSRSPS RVSKHSESHS RSRSKSRSRS 
RRHSHRRYTR SRSHSHSHRR RSRSRSYTPE YRRRRSRSHS PMSNRRRHTG SRANPDPNTC 
LGVFGLSLYT TERDLREVFS RYGPLSGVNV VYDQRTGRSR GFAFVYFERI DDSKEAMERA 
NGMELDGRRI RVDYSITKRA HTPTPGIYMG RPTHSGGGGG GGGGGGGGGG GRRRDSYYDR 
GYDRGYDRYE DYDYRYRRRS PSPYYSRYRS RSRSRSYSPR RY

Details for: TRA2A

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

A human homologue of the Drosophila sex determination factor transformer-2 has conserved splicing regulatory functions. PubMed ID: 8799144

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. PubMed ID: 12853948

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Human Tra2 proteins are sequence-specific activators of pre-mRNA splicing. PubMed ID: 9546399

Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. PubMed ID: 17081983

A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. PubMed ID: 18669648

Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. PubMed ID: 19413330

Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. PubMed ID: 19369195

Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. PubMed ID: 20068231

Initial characterization of the human central proteome. PubMed ID: 21269460

System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation. PubMed ID: 21406692

N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB. PubMed ID: 22814378

Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 23186163

Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation. PubMed ID: 28112733