Details for: PYCR2

Gene ID: 29920

Symbol: PYCR2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143811

Description: pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 106.2713
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5300
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 61.1243
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 59.0593
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 51.9145
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5100
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 46.2105
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7700
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 36.5264
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5100
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 21.5555
    Cell Significance Index: -20.5800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 18.0136
    Cell Significance Index: -22.2100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.2138
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5200
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 5.9288
    Cell Significance Index: -18.2100
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 5.0619
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.6497
    Cell Significance Index: 44.2100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.4762
    Cell Significance Index: 40.1800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 1.2196
    Cell Significance Index: 76.8700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.9708
    Cell Significance Index: 58.2800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.8708
    Cell Significance Index: 141.6300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.8582
    Cell Significance Index: 105.5300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.8255
    Cell Significance Index: 42.8800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.7416
    Cell Significance Index: 133.6800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.6552
    Cell Significance Index: 591.6300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.6201
    Cell Significance Index: 40.0100
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.6086
    Cell Significance Index: 14.0600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.5836
    Cell Significance Index: 80.1400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.5046
    Cell Significance Index: 64.6900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.4924
    Cell Significance Index: 34.0600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.4863
    Cell Significance Index: 22.6800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.4435
    Cell Significance Index: 242.2100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.4309
    Cell Significance Index: 11.3300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.3833
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3209
    Cell Significance Index: 141.8900
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.3181
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.2986
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.2679
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.2641
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2580
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2484
    Cell Significance Index: 47.2800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2377
    Cell Significance Index: 23.5100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.2136
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.2044
    Cell Significance Index: 58.8200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1756
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1624
    Cell Significance Index: 32.5700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.1607
    Cell Significance Index: 11.9800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1390
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.1147
    Cell Significance Index: 13.5300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0861
    Cell Significance Index: 14.7000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0779
    Cell Significance Index: 27.9400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.0457
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0443
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: 17.5300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0120
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0131
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -31.0400
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -31.1500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0230
    Cell Significance Index: -31.3400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0277
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0351
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0523
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0526
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0612
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0882
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0918
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1100
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.1225
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1385
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1442
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1507
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1611
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2198
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2324
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2331
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2405
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2602
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.3546
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4700
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.3641
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3400
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.3654
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9800
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.3656
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.3727
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.3855
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.3959
    Cell Significance Index: -24.2700
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.4168
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.4664
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.4750
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.4794
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.4919
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.4995
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.5326
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.5580
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.5635
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6900
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.5675
    Cell Significance Index: -19.8800
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.6092
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5500
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.6377
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** PYCR2 is a member of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family, which is involved in the biosynthesis of proline, a non-essential amino acid with diverse cellular functions. The gene is highly expressed in various cell types, including placental villous trophoblast, myeloid dendritic cells, pro-T cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. This widespread expression suggests a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and immune function. **Pathways and Functions:** PYCR2 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Cellular response to oxidative stress:** PYCR2 helps to mitigate oxidative damage by reducing pyrroline-5-carboxylate, a reactive intermediate in the proline biosynthetic pathway. 2. **Glutamate and glutamine metabolism:** PYCR2 is also implicated in the regulation of glutamate and glutamine metabolism, which are crucial for maintaining glutathione levels and redox homeostasis. 3. **Proline biosynthetic process:** As a key enzyme in the proline biosynthetic pathway, PYCR2 is essential for the production of proline, which is involved in collagen synthesis, cell signaling, and antioxidant defense. 4. **Mitochondrial matrix and mitochondrial function:** PYCR2 is localized to the mitochondrial matrix, where it plays a role in regulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis. **Clinical Significance:** The dysregulation of PYCR2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Autoimmune disorders:** Alterations in PYCR2 expression have been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, where proline biosynthesis is disrupted. 2. **Cancer:** PYCR2 has been shown to be overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, where proline biosynthesis is dysregulated. 3. **Neurological disorders:** PYCR2 has been implicated in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are prominent features. In conclusion, PYCR2 is a multifunctional gene that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, immune function, and metabolic regulation. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of PYCR2 in human health and disease. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which PYCR2 regulates cellular processes and to explore its therapeutic potential in disease prevention and treatment.

Genular Protein ID: 3818514575

Symbol: P5CR2_HUMAN

Name: Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 6894153

Title: Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase in human erythrocytes.

PubMed ID: 6894153

DOI: 10.1172/jci110115

PubMed ID: 2722838

Title: Purified human erythrocyte pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. Preferential oxidation of NADPH.

PubMed ID: 2722838

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60538-1

PubMed ID: 14654843

Title: Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling.

PubMed ID: 14654843

DOI: 10.1038/nature02166

PubMed ID: 16964243

Title: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization.

PubMed ID: 16964243

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1240

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23024808

Title: Functional specialization in proline biosynthesis of melanoma.

PubMed ID: 23024808

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045190

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24930674

Title: Frequent amplification of ORAOV1 gene in esophageal squamous cell cancer promotes an aggressive phenotype via proline metabolism and ROS production.

PubMed ID: 24930674

DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1561

PubMed ID: 25865492

Title: Mutations in PYCR2, encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, cause microcephaly and hypomyelination.

PubMed ID: 25865492

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.03.003

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 320
  • Mass: 33637
  • Checksum: 9348455A64CCE722
  • Sequence:
  • MSVGFIGAGQ LAYALARGFT AAGILSAHKI IASSPEMNLP TVSALRKMGV NLTRSNKETV 
    KHSDVLFLAV KPHIIPFILD EIGADVQARH IVVSCAAGVT ISSVEKKLMA FQPAPKVIRC 
    MTNTPVVVQE GATVYATGTH ALVEDGQLLE QLMSSVGFCT EVEEDLIDAV TGLSGSGPAY 
    AFMALDALAD GGVKMGLPRR LAIQLGAQAL LGAAKMLLDS EQHPCQLKDN VCSPGGATIH 
    ALHFLESGGF RSLLINAVEA SCIRTRELQS MADQEKISPA ALKKTLLDRV KLESPTVSTL 
    TPSSPGKLLT RSLALGGKKD

Genular Protein ID: 2412144807

Symbol: A0A087WTV6_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16964243

Title: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization.

PubMed ID: 16964243

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1240

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 246
  • Mass: 25868
  • Checksum: F7B8C99BC92FFA85
  • Sequence:
  • MSVGFIGAGQ LAYALARGFT AAGILSAHKI IASSPEMNLP TVSALRKMGV NLTRSNKETV 
    KHSDVLFLAV KPHIIPFILD EIGADVQARH IVVSCAAGVT ISSVEKAFMA LDALADGGVK 
    MGLPRRLAIQ LGAQALLGAA KMLLDSEQHP CQLKDNVCSP GGATIHALHF LESGGFRSLL 
    INAVEASCIR TRELQSMADQ EKISPAALKK TLLDRVKLES PTVSTLTPSS PGKLLTRSLA 
    LGGKKD

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.