Details for: IDO1

Gene ID: 3620

Symbol: IDO1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131203

Description: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 15.6059
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 14.9749
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0700
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 6.7138
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4100
  • Cell Name: monocyte-derived dendritic cell (CL0011031)
    Fold Change: 5.7521
    Cell Significance Index: 98.8200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 3.0960
    Cell Significance Index: 5709.8700
  • Cell Name: chorionic trophoblast cell (CL0011101)
    Fold Change: 2.3243
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 1.9471
    Cell Significance Index: 101.4200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.9617
    Cell Significance Index: 1480.4700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: 0.3986
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2539
    Cell Significance Index: 138.6800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1997
    Cell Significance Index: 38.0000
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.1899
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1694
    Cell Significance Index: 21.7200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.1228
    Cell Significance Index: 166.9800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0765
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0751
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0540
    Cell Significance Index: 37.3800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.0525
    Cell Significance Index: 47.4400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0524
    Cell Significance Index: 7.1900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0479
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3800
  • Cell Name: tracheal goblet cell (CL1000329)
    Fold Change: 0.0423
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 0.0397
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3700
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0089
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0180
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0365
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1300
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.0465
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0488
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3100
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0557
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0558
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0600
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0626
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5200
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.0667
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0668
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0781
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0787
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0883
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0912
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0970
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1016
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1024
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6300
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1151
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1232
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.1262
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1433
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1451
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1538
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9300
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.1540
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1572
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1587
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1610
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6400
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: -0.1623
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.1718
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1722
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5200
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1738
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1790
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1846
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8800
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1997
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0100
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.2082
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.2101
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2105
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.2161
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7900
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.2183
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2195
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6000
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: -0.2211
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.2350
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.2351
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5700
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.2376
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.2431
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1400
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: -0.2432
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.2456
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0100
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.2456
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** IDO1 is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism, producing kynurenine and nicotinamide. This enzyme is expressed in various cell types, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. IDO1 has been shown to be highly inducible, with its expression levels increasing in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). **Pathways and Functions:** IDO1 is involved in multiple pathways, including: 1. **Tryptophan catabolism:** IDO1 catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, which is further metabolized to various compounds, including kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, and anthranilic acid. 2. **Immune regulation:** IDO1 modulates immune responses by depleting tryptophan, which is essential for the proliferation and activation of T cells. This depletion leads to the suppression of T cell responses, promoting immune tolerance. 3. **Inflammation:** IDO1 has been shown to regulate inflammatory responses by producing anti-inflammatory metabolites, such as kynurenic acid, which inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 4. **Cytokine regulation:** IDO1 modulates the production of cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), which play key roles in immune responses and inflammation. **Clinical Significance:** IDO1 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Multiple sclerosis (MS):** IDO1 has been shown to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, suggesting its role in disease pathogenesis. 2. **Cancer:** IDO1 has been found to be overexpressed in various cancers, including melanoma, lung cancer, and colon cancer, where it promotes tumor immune evasion and suppression. 3. **Autoimmune diseases:** IDO1 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, where it modulates immune responses and promotes inflammation. 4. **Vaccine-induced immune responses:** IDO1 has been shown to modulate the immune response to vaccines, with its expression levels influencing the efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity. In conclusion, IDO1 is a complex enzyme with multifaceted functions, playing a crucial role in regulating immune responses, tolerance, and inflammation. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of IDO1 and its clinical significance in various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1923288506

Symbol: I23O1_HUMAN

Name: Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2109605

Title: Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of human interferon-gamma-inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase cDNA.

PubMed ID: 2109605

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)91666-g

PubMed ID: 2326172

Title: Primary structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA.

PubMed ID: 2326172

DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.2.367

PubMed ID: 1449503

Title: Gene structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.

PubMed ID: 1449503

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91590-m

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16421571

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8.

PubMed ID: 16421571

DOI: 10.1038/nature04406

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1907934

Title: Relationship between interferon-gamma, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and tryptophan catabolism.

PubMed ID: 1907934

DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.5.11.1907934

PubMed ID: 14502282

Title: Evidence for a tumoral immune resistance mechanism based on tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.

PubMed ID: 14502282

DOI: 10.1038/nm934

PubMed ID: 16574111

Title: Cytochrome b(5) is a major reductant in vivo of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expressed in yeast.

PubMed ID: 16574111

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.034

PubMed ID: 17671174

Title: Novel tryptophan catabolic enzyme IDO2 is the preferred biochemical target of the antitumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitory compound D-1-methyl-tryptophan.

PubMed ID: 17671174

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1872

PubMed ID: 18026683

Title: Evolution of vertebrate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases.

PubMed ID: 18026683

DOI: 10.1007/s00239-007-9049-1

PubMed ID: 18418598

Title: IDO1 and IDO2 are expressed in human tumors: levo- but not dextro-1-methyl tryptophan inhibits tryptophan catabolism.

PubMed ID: 18418598

DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0513-6

PubMed ID: 25394548

Title: Heme-binding-mediated negative regulation of the tryptophan metabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) by IDO2.

PubMed ID: 25394548

DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.69

PubMed ID: 25950090

Title: Low efficiency IDO2 enzymes are conserved in lower vertebrates, whereas higher efficiency IDO1 enzymes are dispensable.

PubMed ID: 25950090

DOI: 10.1111/febs.13316

PubMed ID: 26155395

Title: Expression profile of the human IDO1 protein, a cancer drug target involved in tumoral immune resistance.

PubMed ID: 26155395

DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1003012

PubMed ID: 23103127

Title: Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and metabolic control of immune responses.

PubMed ID: 23103127

DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.10.001

PubMed ID: 25157255

Title: New insights into IDO biology in bacterial and viral infections.

PubMed ID: 25157255

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00384

PubMed ID: 25691885

Title: Tryptophan-degrading enzymes in tumoral immune resistance.

PubMed ID: 25691885

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00034

PubMed ID: 25970480

Title: Challenges in the discovery of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 25970480

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00326

PubMed ID: 16477023

Title: Crystal structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: catalytic mechanism of O2 incorporation by a heme-containing dioxygenase.

PubMed ID: 16477023

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508996103

PubMed ID: 25313323

Title: Crystal structures and structure-activity relationships of imidazothiazole derivatives as IDO1 inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 25313323

DOI: 10.1021/ml500247w

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 403
  • Mass: 45326
  • Checksum: E92CF57AD0D0BA8D
  • Sequence:
  • MAHAMENSWT ISKEYHIDEE VGFALPNPQE NLPDFYNDWM FIAKHLPDLI ESGQLRERVE 
    KLNMLSIDHL TDHKSQRLAR LVLGCITMAY VWGKGHGDVR KVLPRNIAVP YCQLSKKLEL 
    PPILVYADCV LANWKKKDPN KPLTYENMDV LFSFRDGDCS KGFFLVSLLV EIAAASAIKV 
    IPTVFKAMQM QERDTLLKAL LEIASCLEKA LQVFHQIHDH VNPKAFFSVL RIYLSGWKGN 
    PQLSDGLVYE GFWEDPKEFA GGSAGQSSVF QCFDVLLGIQ QTAGGGHAAQ FLQDMRRYMP 
    PAHRNFLCSL ESNPSVREFV LSKGDAGLRE AYDACVKALV SLRSYHLQIV TKYILIPASQ 
    QPKENKTSED PSKLEAKGTG GTDLMNFLKT VRSTTEKSLL KEG

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.