Details for: LIMK2

Gene ID: 3985

Symbol: LIMK2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182541

Description: LIM domain kinase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 150.4386
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 92.1372
    Cell Significance Index: -23.3700
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 64.3286
    Cell Significance Index: -26.5000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 54.8586
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9000
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 54.3744
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0900
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 23.2157
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 19.6357
    Cell Significance Index: -24.2100
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 9.3697
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1000
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 8.3341
    Cell Significance Index: -18.2400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.2163
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 2.8238
    Cell Significance Index: 75.4000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: 1.9996
    Cell Significance Index: 17.7500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 1.8234
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: 1.5234
    Cell Significance Index: 15.3700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 1.4754
    Cell Significance Index: 171.9400
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.4373
    Cell Significance Index: 23.0600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 1.1307
    Cell Significance Index: 31.6000
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.1222
    Cell Significance Index: 16.1400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.1192
    Cell Significance Index: 67.1900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.0463
    Cell Significance Index: 170.1700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.9105
    Cell Significance Index: 22.7600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.8313
    Cell Significance Index: 164.9800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.7710
    Cell Significance Index: 34.9500
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland (CL4033005)
    Fold Change: 0.6575
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.6078
    Cell Significance Index: 31.6600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.5860
    Cell Significance Index: 15.9500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.5816
    Cell Significance Index: 12.6000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.5272
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.4964
    Cell Significance Index: 61.0400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4235
    Cell Significance Index: 41.8900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3898
    Cell Significance Index: 172.3500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3623
    Cell Significance Index: 16.8900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3523
    Cell Significance Index: 67.0500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.3481
    Cell Significance Index: 62.7600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3441
    Cell Significance Index: 69.0200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3421
    Cell Significance Index: 23.6600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3326
    Cell Significance Index: 119.3200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.3295
    Cell Significance Index: 18.4900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.3087
    Cell Significance Index: 23.6900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2478
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8700
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2437
    Cell Significance Index: 133.1000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.2327
    Cell Significance Index: 160.9800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.2226
    Cell Significance Index: 342.7300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2165
    Cell Significance Index: 195.5200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.1637
    Cell Significance Index: 301.9800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.1589
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2400
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.1515
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.1439
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.1369
    Cell Significance Index: 186.1100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.1322
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.1126
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0942
    Cell Significance Index: 16.0800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 0.0927
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0747
    Cell Significance Index: 140.7100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0557
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5100
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0225
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5800
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0138
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0312
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.0331
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0572
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0652
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0739
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0761
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0814
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0889
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6600
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.1099
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1259
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5700
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1301
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1516
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2067
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2093
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2249
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.2292
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2481
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2544
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2912
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0600
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.2959
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.3043
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.3181
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.3382
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.3408
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0300
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.3912
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.3932
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5800
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.4086
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.4127
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6700
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.4321
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6900
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.4397
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7700
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: -0.4475
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** LIMK2 is a serine/threonine kinase enzyme that belongs to the LIM kinase family. It is characterized by its ability to phosphorylate and regulate the activity of various actin-binding proteins, such as cofilin, which is involved in actin filament disassembly. LIMK2's unique LIM domain, which is responsible for its kinase activity, is essential for its function. The enzyme is highly expressed in various tissues, including the lens, nasal mucosa, endothelial cells, and germ cells, suggesting its widespread involvement in cellular processes. **Pathways and Functions:** LIMK2's primary function is to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics by phosphorylating and activating cofilin, thereby promoting actin filament disassembly. This process is crucial for various cellular processes, including cell migration, division, and morphogenesis. LIMK2's involvement in semaphorin signaling pathways, particularly in the context of axon guidance and neuronal development, highlights its importance in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Semaphorins are a family of proteins that play a critical role in axon guidance and neuronal development, and LIMK2's ability to phosphorylate and regulate semaphorin signaling pathways makes it a key regulator of these processes. LIMK2's pathways and functions can be summarized as follows: * Actin cytoskeleton organization: LIMK2 phosphorylates and regulates cofilin, leading to actin filament disassembly and organization. * Semaphorin signaling: LIMK2 phosphorylates and regulates semaphorin signaling pathways, particularly in the context of axon guidance and neuronal development. * Axon guidance: LIMK2's involvement in semaphorin signaling pathways makes it a key regulator of axon guidance and neuronal development. * Cell migration: LIMK2's ability to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics makes it a key regulator of cell migration. * Division: LIMK2's involvement in actin cytoskeleton organization makes it a key regulator of cell division. * Morphogenesis: LIMK2's ability to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics and semaphorin signaling pathways makes it a key regulator of morphogenesis. **Clinical Significance:** LIMK2's involvement in various cellular processes, including actin cytoskeleton organization, semaphorin signaling, and axon guidance, highlights its importance in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Dysregulation of LIMK2 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and developmental abnormalities. For example: * Cancer: LIMK2's role in regulating cell migration and division makes it a potential target for cancer therapy. * Neurological disorders: LIMK2's involvement in semaphorin signaling pathways makes it a potential target for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. * Developmental abnormalities: LIMK2's role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and semaphorin signaling pathways makes it a potential target for the treatment of developmental abnormalities, such as autism and schizophrenia. In conclusion, LIMK2 is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and semaphorin signaling, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases. Further research into LIMK2's pathways and functions is necessary to fully understand its role in cellular processes and to develop effective therapeutic strategies for its dysregulation.

Genular Protein ID: 2564083435

Symbol: LIMK2_HUMAN

Name: LIM domain kinase 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8537403

Title: Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs.

PubMed ID: 8537403

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.52.31321

PubMed ID: 8954941

Title: Subcellular localization and protein interaction of the human LIMK2 gene expressing alternative transcripts with tissue-specific regulation.

PubMed ID: 8954941

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1847

PubMed ID: 11230166

Title: Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 11230166

DOI: 10.1101/gr.gr1547r

PubMed ID: 15461802

Title: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome.

PubMed ID: 15461802

DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 10591208

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22.

PubMed ID: 10591208

DOI: 10.1038/990031

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10436159

Title: Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase.

PubMed ID: 10436159

DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5429.895

PubMed ID: 11018042

Title: Specific activation of LIM kinase 2 via phosphorylation of threonine 505 by ROCK, a Rho-dependent protein kinase.

PubMed ID: 11018042

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007074200

PubMed ID: 11340065

Title: Activation of LIM kinases by myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase alpha.

PubMed ID: 11340065

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100196200

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19369195

Title: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.

PubMed ID: 19369195

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800588-mcp200

PubMed ID: 22328514

Title: TPPP acts downstream of RhoA-ROCK-LIMK2 to regulate astral microtubule organization and spindle orientation.

PubMed ID: 22328514

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.096818

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 25849865

Title: Actin remodelling factors control ciliogenesis by regulating YAP/TAZ activity and vesicle trafficking.

PubMed ID: 25849865

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7781

PubMed ID: 17344846

Title: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes.

PubMed ID: 17344846

DOI: 10.1038/nature05610

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 638
  • Mass: 72232
  • Checksum: FB51813D99AFAC18
  • Sequence:
  • MSALAGEDVW RCPGCGDHIA PSQIWYRTVN ETWHGSCFRC SECQDSLTNW YYEKDGKLYC 
    PKDYWGKFGE FCHGCSLLMT GPFMVAGEFK YHPECFACMS CKVIIEDGDA YALVQHATLY 
    CGKCHNEVVL APMFERLSTE SVQEQLPYSV TLISMPATTE GRRGFSVSVE SACSNYATTV 
    QVKEVNRMHI SPNNRNAIHP GDRILEINGT PVRTLRVEEV EDAISQTSQT LQLLIEHDPV 
    SQRLDQLRLE ARLAPHMQNA GHPHALSTLD TKENLEGTLR RRSLRRSNSI SKSPGPSSPK 
    EPLLFSRDIS RSESLRCSSS YSQQIFRPCD LIHGEVLGKG FFGQAIKVTH KATGKVMVMK 
    ELIRCDEETQ KTFLTEVKVM RSLDHPNVLK FIGVLYKDKK LNLLTEYIEG GTLKDFLRSM 
    DPFPWQQKVR FAKGIASGMA YLHSMCIIHR DLNSHNCLIK LDKTVVVADF GLSRLIVEER 
    KRAPMEKATT KKRTLRKNDR KKRYTVVGNP YWMAPEMLNG KSYDETVDIF SFGIVLCEII 
    GQVYADPDCL PRTLDFGLNV KLFWEKFVPT DCPPAFFPLA AICCRLEPES RPAFSKLEDS 
    FEALSLYLGE LGIPLPAELE ELDHTVSMQY GLTRDSPP

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.