Details for: ARRB1

Gene ID: 408

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: ARRB1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137486

Description: arrestin beta 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 6.86
    rCSI 15.11%
    PRS 47.29
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 6.83
    rCSI 11.46%
    PRS 28.49
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 6.56
    rCSI 24.78%
    PRS 29.45
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 6.23
    rCSI 36.69%
    PRS 29.86
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 6
    rCSI 6.29%
    PRS 40.74
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 5.79
    rCSI 13.25%
    PRS 42.75
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 5.55
    rCSI 17.34%
    PRS 29.62
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 5.51
    rCSI 21.55%
    PRS 21.42
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 5.18
    rCSI 28.3%
    PRS 46.83
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 4.79
    rCSI 5.97%
    PRS 54.67
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 4.61
    rCSI 3.55%
    PRS 42.06
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 4.59
    rCSI 16.51%
    PRS 27.43
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 4.56
    rCSI 19.78%
    PRS 59.15
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 4.52
    rCSI 13.42%
    PRS 55.02
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 4.14
    rCSI 4.95%
    PRS 28.48
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 5.13%
    PRS 48.45
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 3.99
    rCSI 6.99%
    PRS 36.04
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 3.95
    rCSI 15.95%
    PRS 41.97
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 3.64
    rCSI 9.48%
    PRS 42.47
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 3.61
    rCSI 8.34%
    PRS 35.66
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 3.44
    rCSI 7.46%
    PRS 34.04
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 3.38
    rCSI 16.2%
    PRS 41.87
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 3.18
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 37.31
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 8.14%
    PRS 46.28
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 3.09
    rCSI 5.09%
    PRS 48.79
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 6.63%
    PRS 49.7
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 3.58%
    PRS 50.88
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 16.7%
    PRS 30.41
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 33.77
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 3.65%
    PRS 27.05
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 2.39%
    PRS 41.86
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 2.53%
    PRS 40.1
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 2.77
    rCSI 7.87%
    PRS 43.41
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.73
    rCSI 10.24%
    PRS 36.81
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 4.74%
    PRS 27.52
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 4.12%
    PRS 41.33
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 4.27%
    PRS 30.55
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 6.73%
    PRS 34.38
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 2%
    PRS 43.73
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 10.97%
    PRS 40.97
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 5.79%
    PRS 63.41
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 3.29%
    PRS 29.4
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 50.54
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 4.32%
    PRS 34.53
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.02%
    PRS 43.91
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 9.31%
    PRS 36.96
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 2.34%
    PRS 34.41
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.23%
    PRS 43.22
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.37
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 39.2
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.37
    rCSI 1.87%
    PRS 31.7
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 7.15%
    PRS 31.85
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 4.29%
    PRS 60.08
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 3.26%
    PRS 59.41
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 5.44%
    PRS 27.67
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 8.48%
    PRS 41.14
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 44.84
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 4.31%
    PRS 41.34
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 4.47%
    PRS 42.04
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 1.92
    rCSI 1.78%
    PRS 44.29
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 1.92
    rCSI 2.72%
    PRS 40.44
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.82
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 33.92
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.81
    rCSI 43.72%
    PRS 28.87
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.81
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 45.23
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 6.07%
    PRS 35.57
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 42.43%
    PRS 27.99
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 56.33
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 4.86%
    PRS 40.27
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 2.39%
    PRS 56.18
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.72
    rCSI 8.24%
    PRS 45.09
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 1.71
    rCSI 1.14%
    PRS 47.22
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 2.48%
    PRS 39.67
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 5.43%
    PRS 45.56
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 2.98%
    PRS 65.67
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 56.68
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 9.69%
    PRS 29.57
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 1.34%
    PRS 46.98
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.51
    rCSI 3.05%
    PRS 26.71
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 41.48
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 53.33
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.46
    rCSI 2.08%
    PRS 45.96
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 6.01%
    PRS 52.98
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 1.42
    rCSI 20.15%
    PRS 36.32
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.42
    rCSI 3.67%
    PRS 39.67
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.28
    rCSI 3.16%
    PRS 41.44
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 7.24%
    PRS 45.58
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.12
    rCSI 2.48%
    PRS 32.33
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 1.07
    rCSI 3.52%
    PRS 32.72
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.04
    rCSI 2.34%
    PRS 29.13
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 33.36
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 0.97
    rCSI 1.99%
    PRS 38.27
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 0.81
    rCSI 3.63%
    PRS 30.66
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.71
    rCSI 3.15%
    PRS 42.02
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 32.45
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.32%
    PRS 53.41
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 0.69
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 53.7
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 0.66
    rCSI 1.86%
    PRS 43.83
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.56
    rCSI 4.59%
    PRS 38.24
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 0.47
    rCSI 3.47%
    PRS 31.97
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 0.35
    rCSI 7.12%
    PRS 36.6
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.33
    rCSI 2.84%
    PRS 31.51
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 37.6%
  • lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 68.6%
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 31.5%
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 36.6%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 32.0%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 38.2%
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 43.8%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 53.7%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 53.4%
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 32.5%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 42.0%
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 30.7%
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 38.3%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 33.4%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 29.1%
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 32.7%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 32.3%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 45.6%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 41.4%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 39.7%
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 20.2%
    PRS 36.3%
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 53.0%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 46.0%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 53.3%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 41.5%
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 26.7%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 47.0%
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 29.6%
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 56.7%
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 65.7%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 45.6%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 39.7%
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 47.2%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 45.1%
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 56.2%
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 40.3%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 56.3%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 42.4%
    PRS 28.0%
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 35.6%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 45.2%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 43.7%
    PRS 28.9%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 33.9%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 40.4%
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 44.3%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 42.0%
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 41.3%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 44.8%
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 41.1%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 27.7%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 59.4%
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 60.1%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 31.9%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 31.7%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 39.2%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 43.2%
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 34.4%
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 9.3%
    PRS 37.0%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 43.9%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 34.5%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 50.5%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 29.4%
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 63.4%
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 41.0%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 43.7%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 34.4%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 30.6%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 41.3%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 27.5%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 10.2%
    PRS 36.8%
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 7.9%
    PRS 43.4%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 40.1%
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 41.9%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 27.1%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 33.8%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 16.7%
    PRS 30.4%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 50.9%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 49.7%
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 48.8%
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 8.1%
    PRS 46.3%
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 37.3%
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 16.2%
    PRS 41.9%
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 34.0%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 35.7%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 9.5%
    PRS 42.5%
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 16.0%
    PRS 42.0%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 36.0%
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 48.5%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 28.5%
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 13.4%
    PRS 55.0%
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 19.8%
    PRS 59.2%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 16.5%
    PRS 27.4%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 42.1%
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 54.7%
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 28.3%
    PRS 46.8%
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 21.6%
    PRS 21.4%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 5.6
    rCSI 17.3%
    PRS 29.6%
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 13.3%
    PRS 42.8%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 6.0
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 40.7%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 36.7%
    PRS 29.9%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 6.6
    rCSI 24.8%
    PRS 29.5%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) (arrestin beta 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11q13.4, which encodes the multifunctional scaffold protein beta-arrestin-1. It is classically known for its canonical role in the homologous desensitization and internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a fundamental process for terminating signal transduction. Beyond this, [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) also functions as a signal transducer in its own right, scaffolding components of signaling cascades such as the MAPK pathway, and has been shown to translocate to the nucleus to regulate gene transcription [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.011). Expression data indicates its widespread importance across diverse cell types. **Overall**, it shows high significance in immune cells such as the [mononuclear phagocyte](/details-cell/CL0000113) and [Kupffer cell](/details-cell/CL0000091), as well as in various neuronal subtypes, including the [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011), and in epithelial lineages like the [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108). This broad expression landscape underscores its role as a ubiquitous and critical regulator of cellular signaling. Clinically, it is associated with OMIM entry [107940](https://omim.org/entry/107940). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) reveals its fundamental importance across multiple, functionally distinct cellular systems, rather than serving as a marker for a specific lineage. **Overall**, its highest significance is observed in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, including [mononuclear phagocyte](/details-cell/CL0000113) (CSI: 6.86), [Kupffer cell](/details-cell/CL0000091) (CSI: 5.79), and [CD14-positive monocyte](/details-cell/CL0001054) (CSI: 4.79). This is consistent with the critical role of GPCR signaling in inflammation, chemotaxis, and immune cell activation, where [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) mediates receptor desensitization and downstream signaling events [Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.6.2985). Concurrently, [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) demonstrates prominent significance in the central nervous system, particularly in specific neuronal subtypes like the [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011) (CSI: 6.83), [near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron](/details-cell/CL4023012) (CSI: 6.56), and [corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron](/details-cell/CL4023013) (CSI: 6.23). This highlights its essential function in regulating the vast array of GPCRs involved in neurotransmission. The gene also shows notable significance in structural, barrier, and vascular cells, including [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108) (CSI: 6.00), [mesothelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000077) (CSI: 5.51), and [endothelial cell of vascular tree](/details-cell/CL0002139) (CSI: 5.18). This broad expression pattern suggests that [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) is a core component of the cellular machinery responsible for interpreting and responding to extracellular signals across nearly all tissue types. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) confirm its central role as a master regulator of signal transduction. Its molecular function is dominated by '[G protein-coupled receptor binding](/details-go/GO:0001664)', which is the initiating step for its canonical role in receptor desensitization and internalization. This is supported by its involvement in biological processes such as '[G protein-coupled receptor internalization](/details-go/GO:0002031)' and its localization to the '[clathrin-coated pit](/details-go/GO:0005905)', as detailed in the '[Clathrin-mediated endocytosis](/details-reactome/R-HSA-8856828)' pathway. Beyond receptor desensitization, [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) acts as a versatile scaffolding protein. Its participation in the '[Positive regulation of erk1 and erk2 cascade](/details-go/GO:0070374)' and the '[Raf/map kinase cascade](/details-reactome/R-HSA-5673001)' pathway demonstrates its non-canonical function in transducing signals independently of G proteins [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5402.655). Furthermore, [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) is implicated in the regulation of other key signaling pathways, including '[Negative regulation of notch signaling pathway](/details-go/GO:0045746)' and '[Signaling by tgfb family members](/details-reactome/R-HSA-9006936)'. The gene's functions extend to protein fate and gene expression. Its annotation for '[Ubiquitin protein ligase binding](/details-go/GO:0031625)' and its role in '[Ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process](/details-go/GO:0006511)' suggest it acts as an adaptor for E3 ligases, targeting receptors and other proteins for degradation [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m501129200). Consistent with its localization to the '[nucleus](/details-go/GO:0005634)' and '[chromatin](/details-go/GO:0000785)', [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) also functions as a '[Transcription coactivator activity](/details-go/GO:0003713)', directly influencing gene expression programs. This dual cytoplasmic and nuclear role positions [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) as a critical integrator of extracellular signals and long-term cellular responses. ## Research Directions The widespread and high significance of [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) across disparate cell types like immune cells and neurons suggests a highly context-dependent functional role. Future research should focus on dissecting how [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) couples to different signaling outputs in a cell-type-specific manner. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. In [mononuclear phagocytes](/details-cell/CL0000113), [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) primarily scaffolds signaling complexes that negatively regulate inflammatory responses (e.g., via '[Negative regulation of nf-kappab transcription factor activity](/details-go/GO:0032088)') to prevent excessive tissue damage, whereas in neurons, its primary role is scaffolding MAPK components to support synaptic plasticity. 2. The nuclear translocation and transcriptional co-activator function of [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) is a cell-type-specific phenomenon. In response to growth factors, it may regulate proliferative genes in [endothelial cells](/details-cell/CL0002139) while regulating metabolic genes in response to hormones in [colon epithelial cells](/details-cell/CL0011108). A key experiment to test the first hypothesis could involve a comparative phosphoproteomic and interactome study. To test the hypothesis that [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) has divergent scaffolding functions, one could use primary human [monocytes](/details-cell/CL0001054) differentiated into macrophages and a human neuronal cell line (e.g., SH-SY5Y). Following stimulation with a common GPCR agonist (e.g., a chemokine for macrophages, a neurotransmitter for neurons), immunoprecipitation of endogenous [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) would identify its cell-type-specific binding partners. Parallel phosphoproteomic analysis of [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) knockout versus wild-type cells would reveal the distinct downstream signaling cascades it regulates in each cell type. Given its central role in numerous signaling pathways and its ubiquitous expression, direct systemic inhibition or activation of [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) would likely lead to significant off-target effects. Therefore, it may not be a suitable direct therapeutic target. A more promising strategy would be to target the specific protein-protein interactions of [ARRB1](/details-gene/408] that are unique to a disease state or cell type. For example, developing small molecules that disrupt the interaction between [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) and key oncogenic kinases in cancer cells could offer a more targeted therapeutic approach. Alternatively, modulating upstream GPCRs with biased ligands that selectively promote or block [ARRB1](/details-gene/408) engagement could fine-tune cellular responses with greater specificity.

Genular Protein ID: 3785399271

Symbol: ARRB1_HUMAN

Name: Beta-arrestin-1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8486659

Title: Molecular analysis of human beta-arrestin-1: cloning, tissue distribution, and regulation of expression. Identification of two isoforms generated by alternative splicing.

PubMed ID: 8486659

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98412-7

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9501202

Title: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced CCR2B receptor desensitization mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.

PubMed ID: 9501202

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.6.2985

PubMed ID: 10066734

Title: Targeted construction of phosphorylation-independent beta-arrestin mutants with constitutive activity in cells.

PubMed ID: 10066734

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.11.6831

PubMed ID: 9924018

Title: Beta-arrestin-dependent formation of beta2 adrenergic receptor-Src protein kinase complexes.

PubMed ID: 9924018

DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5402.655

PubMed ID: 10748214

Title: Differential affinities of visual arrestin, beta arrestin1, and beta arrestin2 for G protein-coupled receptors delineate two major classes of receptors.

PubMed ID: 10748214

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m910348199

PubMed ID: 10973280

Title: Regulation of tyrosine kinase activation and granule release through beta-arrestin by CXCRI.

PubMed ID: 10973280

DOI: 10.1038/79767

PubMed ID: 12464600

Title: Phosphorylation of key serine residues is required for internalization of the complement 5a (C5a) anaphylatoxin receptor via a beta-arrestin, dynamin, and clathrin-dependent pathway.

PubMed ID: 12464600

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m210120200

PubMed ID: 15878855

Title: {beta}-Arrestin is crucial for ubiquitination and down-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor by acting as adaptor for the MDM2 E3 ligase.

PubMed ID: 15878855

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m501129200

PubMed ID: 14711824

Title: Reciprocal regulation of angiotensin receptor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases by beta-arrestins 1 and 2.

PubMed ID: 14711824

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c300443200

PubMed ID: 16325578

Title: A nuclear function of beta-arrestin1 in GPCR signaling: regulation of histone acetylation and gene transcription.

PubMed ID: 16325578

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.011

PubMed ID: 15611106

Title: beta-Arrestin 1 and Galphaq/11 coordinately activate RhoA and stress fiber formation following receptor stimulation.

PubMed ID: 15611106

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412924200

PubMed ID: 16144840

Title: G protein-coupled receptor kinases promote phosphorylation and beta-arrestin-mediated internalization of CCR5 homo- and hetero-oligomers.

PubMed ID: 16144840

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500535200

PubMed ID: 15475570

Title: Multiple independent functions of arrestins in the regulation of protease-activated receptor-2 signaling and trafficking.

PubMed ID: 15475570

DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.006072

PubMed ID: 15671180

Title: Different G protein-coupled receptor kinases govern G protein and beta-arrestin-mediated signaling of V2 vasopressin receptor.

PubMed ID: 15671180

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409534102

PubMed ID: 16516836

Title: Molecular switches involving the AP-2 beta2 appendage regulate endocytic cargo selection and clathrin coat assembly.

PubMed ID: 16516836

DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.01.016

PubMed ID: 16280323

Title: beta-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent ERK1/2 activation by the beta2 adrenergic receptor.

PubMed ID: 16280323

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506576200

PubMed ID: 16492667

Title: Distinct beta-arrestin- and G protein-dependent pathways for parathyroid hormone receptor-stimulated ERK1/2 activation.

PubMed ID: 16492667

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513380200

PubMed ID: 16709866

Title: Platelet-activating factor-induced clathrin-mediated endocytosis requires beta-arrestin-1 recruitment and activation of the p38 MAPK signalosome at the plasma membrane for actin bundle formation.

PubMed ID: 16709866

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.7039

PubMed ID: 16378096

Title: Association of beta-arrestin and TRAF6 negatively regulates Toll-like receptor-interleukin 1 receptor signaling.

PubMed ID: 16378096

DOI: 10.1038/ni1294

PubMed ID: 16524428

Title: The melanosomal/lysosomal protein OA1 has properties of a G protein-coupled receptor.

PubMed ID: 16524428

DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00292.x

PubMed ID: 17456551

Title: Src-dependent phosphorylation of beta2-adaptin dissociates the beta-arrestin-AP-2 complex.

PubMed ID: 17456551

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03444

PubMed ID: 18337459

Title: Beta-arrestins specifically constrain beta2-adrenergic receptor signaling and function in airway smooth muscle.

PubMed ID: 18337459

DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-102459

PubMed ID: 18419762

Title: Post-endocytic fates of delta-opioid receptor are regulated by GRK2-mediated receptor phosphorylation and distinct beta-arrestin isoforms.

PubMed ID: 18419762

DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05431.x

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19643177

Title: Inhibition of dynamin prevents CCL2-mediated endocytosis of CCR2 and activation of ERK1/2.

PubMed ID: 19643177

DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.07.010

PubMed ID: 19661922

Title: Beta-arrestin1 phosphorylation by GRK5 regulates G protein-independent 5-HT4 receptor signalling.

PubMed ID: 19661922

DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.215

PubMed ID: 19782076

Title: A scanning peptide array approach uncovers association sites within the JNK/beta arrestin signalling complex.

PubMed ID: 19782076

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.09.035

PubMed ID: 19620252

Title: An arrestin-dependent multi-kinase signaling complex mediates MIP-1beta/CCL4 signaling and chemotaxis of primary human macrophages.

PubMed ID: 19620252

DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0908551

PubMed ID: 19363159

Title: Beta-arrestin-dependent signaling and trafficking of 7-transmembrane receptors is reciprocally regulated by the deubiquitinase USP33 and the E3 ligase Mdm2.

PubMed ID: 19363159

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901083106

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 22457824

Title: Ubiquitination of CXCR7 controls receptor trafficking.

PubMed ID: 22457824

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034192

PubMed ID: 23341447

Title: Beta-arrestin recruitment and G protein signaling by the atypical human chemokine decoy receptor CCX-CKR.

PubMed ID: 23341447

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.406108

PubMed ID: 23886940

Title: Alpha-arrestin 1 (ARRDC1) and beta-arrestins cooperate to mediate Notch degradation in mammals.

PubMed ID: 23886940

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.130500

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 23633677

Title: Beta-arrestin-dependent activation of the cofilin pathway is required for the scavenging activity of the atypical chemokine receptor D6.

PubMed ID: 23633677

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003627

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 28827538

Title: Orphan GPR61, GPR62 and GPR135 receptors and the melatonin MT2 receptor reciprocally modulate their signaling functions.

PubMed ID: 28827538

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08996-7

PubMed ID: 16903783

Title: Role of the AP2 beta-appendage hub in recruiting partners for clathrin-coated vesicle assembly.

PubMed ID: 16903783

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040262

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 418
  • Mass: 47066
  • Checksum: 0A3C135092338D10
  • Sequence:
  • MGDKGTRVFK KASPNGKLTV YLGKRDFVDH IDLVDPVDGV VLVDPEYLKE RRVYVTLTCA 
    FRYGREDLDV LGLTFRKDLF VANVQSFPPA PEDKKPLTRL QERLIKKLGE HAYPFTFEIP 
    PNLPCSVTLQ PGPEDTGKAC GVDYEVKAFC AENLEEKIHK RNSVRLVIRK VQYAPERPGP 
    QPTAETTRQF LMSDKPLHLE ASLDKEIYYH GEPISVNVHV TNNTNKTVKK IKISVRQYAD 
    ICLFNTAQYK CPVAMEEADD TVAPSSTFCK VYTLTPFLAN NREKRGLALD GKLKHEDTNL 
    ASSTLLREGA NREILGIIVS YKVKVKLVVS RGGLLGDLAS SDVAVELPFT LMHPKPKEEP 
    PHREVPENET PVDTNLIELD TNDDDIVFED FARQRLKGMK DDKEEEEDGT GSPQLNNR

Genular Protein ID: 518639045

Symbol: B7Z1Q3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 169
  • Mass: 18632
  • Checksum: C156211FA9C86640
  • Sequence:
  • MKCWSNAWQT YALQCLLKPL GLTQDPLVFG MTSFLQTSSP IPNSCMENVC QAGFPSLLHL 
    NITLTLLGLA QCYLANFSSC REGSEHYLFF FFFSWSQDCT RQWPNLVEFS LPSFADDSAL 
    CQVLEPQRWV SPSPCPQEAH GQGNVVGISN RGQLPSGLLV AAGPYGALM