Details for: MTR

Gene ID: 4548

Symbol: MTR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116984

Description: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 304.3488
    Cell Significance Index: -47.3400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 183.6042
    Cell Significance Index: -46.5700
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 115.4030
    Cell Significance Index: -47.5400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 105.8835
    Cell Significance Index: -49.9900
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 98.9275
    Cell Significance Index: -40.1900
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 42.1789
    Cell Significance Index: -40.2700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 40.0663
    Cell Significance Index: -49.4000
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 17.5298
    Cell Significance Index: -46.9600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 14.1236
    Cell Significance Index: -43.3800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 12.6228
    Cell Significance Index: -49.8100
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 9.9082
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 2.4976
    Cell Significance Index: 495.6600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 2.4773
    Cell Significance Index: 190.1100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 2.1498
    Cell Significance Index: 431.2500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.6445
    Cell Significance Index: 589.8500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 1.4657
    Cell Significance Index: 64.8300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 1.4432
    Cell Significance Index: 54.6500
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 1.4382
    Cell Significance Index: 28.0700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.2587
    Cell Significance Index: 226.9100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.0025
    Cell Significance Index: 137.6800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.9754
    Cell Significance Index: 59.9500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.8931
    Cell Significance Index: 60.0500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.8148
    Cell Significance Index: 22.7700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.7520
    Cell Significance Index: 42.2000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.7403
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.6236
    Cell Significance Index: 16.0300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.5940
    Cell Significance Index: 73.0400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.5899
    Cell Significance Index: 267.7300
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.5670
    Cell Significance Index: 34.0400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.5631
    Cell Significance Index: 61.2500
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.5358
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.5001
    Cell Significance Index: 941.6100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.4500
    Cell Significance Index: 311.2100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.4271
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3748
    Cell Significance Index: 60.9600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.3261
    Cell Significance Index: 178.0900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.2646
    Cell Significance Index: 487.9800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2461
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2452
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2439
    Cell Significance Index: 107.8300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2418
    Cell Significance Index: 218.3200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.2381
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.2185
    Cell Significance Index: 138.7700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.2112
    Cell Significance Index: 325.0800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1695
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1458
    Cell Significance Index: 10.0900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.1321
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.1103
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0807
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0784
    Cell Significance Index: 106.5900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.0418
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0403
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: 27.4100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0370
    Cell Significance Index: -27.4000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0578
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0596
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0608
    Cell Significance Index: -45.9900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0646
    Cell Significance Index: -36.4400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0820
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1102
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1216
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1269
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1384
    Cell Significance Index: -39.8200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1400
    Cell Significance Index: -29.4900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.1545
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1596
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.1632
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7700
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.2445
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2477
    Cell Significance Index: -28.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2609
    Cell Significance Index: -29.9000
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.3002
    Cell Significance Index: -38.7800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.3189
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.3216
    Cell Significance Index: -20.2700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.3655
    Cell Significance Index: -41.7200
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.3978
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.4957
    Cell Significance Index: -39.2600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.5091
    Cell Significance Index: -37.9400
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.5312
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.5451
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.5684
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7900
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.5684
    Cell Significance Index: -28.7300
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.5875
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3400
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.5960
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6500
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.6150
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3600
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.6172
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.6343
    Cell Significance Index: -33.3100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.6393
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.6404
    Cell Significance Index: -33.3600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.6510
    Cell Significance Index: -39.9100
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: -0.6672
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.6961
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1700
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.7406
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.7515
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.7524
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4800
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.7649
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** MTR is a bifunctional enzyme responsible for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine, utilizing 5-methyltetrahydrofolate as a co-factor. This reaction is a critical step in the synthesis of methionine, a sulfur-containing amino acid essential for various cellular functions. MTR is also involved in the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine, which is a key process in maintaining the balance of this amino acid. **Pathways and Functions:** MTR plays a central role in several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Cobalamin (cbl) metabolism**: MTR is the primary enzyme responsible for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine, utilizing cobalamin (vitamin B12) as a co-factor. This reaction is essential for the maintenance of cobalamin homeostasis. 2. **Methionine biosynthesis**: MTR is involved in the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine, which is a critical process for maintaining the balance of this amino acid. 3. **Homocysteine metabolic process**: MTR regulates the levels of homocysteine in the body by converting it to methionine. 4. **Methylation**: MTR is involved in the methylation of various biomolecules, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. 5. **Cellular response to nitric oxide**: MTR has been shown to interact with nitric oxide synthase, a key enzyme involved in the production of nitric oxide. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of MTR has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Homocystinuria**: A genetic disorder caused by mutations in the MTR gene, leading to elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood. 2. **Neurological disorders**: MTR has been linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. 3. **Cardiovascular disease**: Elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 4. **Cancer**: MTR has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. In conclusion, MTR is a crucial enzyme involved in cobalamin metabolism and beyond. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of maintaining proper MTR function. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and clinical implications of MTR dysfunction. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** MTR is expressed in various cell types, including: 1. **Renal principal cell**: MTR is expressed in the renal principal cell, which plays a critical role in maintaining electrolyte balance. 2. **Ciliary muscle cell**: MTR is expressed in the ciliary muscle cell, which is involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure. 3. **Pigmented epithelial cell**: MTR is expressed in the pigmented epithelial cell, which is involved in the maintenance of retinal health. 4. **Lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron**: MTR is expressed in the lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron, which is involved in the regulation of neuronal activity. 5. **Cardiac neuron**: MTR is expressed in the cardiac neuron, which plays a critical role in maintaining cardiac function. 6. **Corneal endothelial cell**: MTR is expressed in the corneal endothelial cell, which is involved in the maintenance of corneal health. 7. **Lens epithelial cell**: MTR is expressed in the lens epithelial cell, which is involved in the maintenance of lens health. 8. **Regular ventricular cardiac myocyte**: MTR is expressed in the regular ventricular cardiac myocyte, which plays a critical role in maintaining cardiac function. **Proteins:** MTR is encoded by the METH_HUMAN gene, which encodes the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase enzyme.

Genular Protein ID: 451818068

Symbol: METH_HUMAN

Name: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine methyltransferase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8968737

Title: Human methionine synthase: cDNA cloning and identification of mutations in patients of the cblG complementation group of folate/cobalamin disorders.

PubMed ID: 8968737

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.12.1867

PubMed ID: 8968735

Title: Cloning, mapping and RNA analysis of the human methionine synthase gene.

PubMed ID: 8968735

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.12.1851

PubMed ID: 9013615

Title: Human methionine synthase. cDNA cloning, gene localization, and expression.

PubMed ID: 9013615

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.6.3444

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16769880

Title: Human methionine synthase reductase is a molecular chaperone for human methionine synthase.

PubMed ID: 16769880

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603694103

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 27771510

Title: Methionine synthase and methionine synthase reductase interact with MMACHC and with MMADHC.

PubMed ID: 27771510

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.016

PubMed ID: 8968736

Title: Defects in human methionine synthase in cblG patients.

PubMed ID: 8968736

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.12.1859

PubMed ID: 12375236

Title: Maternal genetic effects, exerted by genes involved in homocysteine remethylation, influence the risk of spina bifida.

PubMed ID: 12375236

DOI: 10.1086/344209

PubMed ID: 15979034

Title: Analysis of methionine synthase reductase polymorphisms for neural tube defects risk association.

PubMed ID: 15979034

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.02.003

PubMed ID: 17288554

Title: Crystal structure and solution characterization of the activation domain of human methionine synthase.

PubMed ID: 17288554

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05618.x

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1265
  • Mass: 140527
  • Checksum: B04C26BCBE9A57C2
  • Sequence:
  • MSPALQDLSQ PEGLKKTLRD EINAILQKRI MVLDGGMGTM IQREKLNEEH FRGQEFKDHA 
    RPLKGNNDIL SITQPDVIYQ IHKEYLLAGA DIIETNTFSS TSIAQADYGL EHLAYRMNMC 
    SAGVARKAAE EVTLQTGIKR FVAGALGPTN KTLSVSPSVE RPDYRNITFD ELVEAYQEQA 
    KGLLDGGVDI LLIETIFDTA NAKAALFALQ NLFEEKYAPR PIFISGTIVD KSGRTLSGQT 
    GEGFVISVSH GEPLCIGLNC ALGAAEMRPF IEIIGKCTTA YVLCYPNAGL PNTFGDYDET 
    PSMMAKHLKD FAMDGLVNIV GGCCGSTPDH IREIAEAVKN CKPRVPPATA FEGHMLLSGL 
    EPFRIGPYTN FVNIGERCNV AGSRKFAKLI MAGNYEEALC VAKVQVEMGA QVLDVNMDDG 
    MLDGPSAMTR FCNLIASEPD IAKVPLCIDS SNFAVIEAGL KCCQGKCIVN SISLKEGEDD 
    FLEKARKIKK YGAAMVVMAF DEEGQATETD TKIRVCTRAY HLLVKKLGFN PNDIIFDPNI 
    LTIGTGMEEH NLYAINFIHA TKVIKETLPG ARISGGLSNL SFSFRGMEAI REAMHGVFLY 
    HAIKSGMDMG IVNAGNLPVY DDIHKELLQL CEDLIWNKDP EATEKLLRYA QTQGTGGKKV 
    IQTDEWRNGP VEERLEYALV KGIEKHIIED TEEARLNQKK YPRPLNIIEG PLMNGMKIVG 
    DLFGAGKMFL PQVIKSARVM KKAVGHLIPF MEKEREETRV LNGTVEEEDP YQGTIVLATV 
    KGDVHDIGKN IVGVVLGCNN FRVIDLGVMT PCDKILKAAL DHKADIIGLS GLITPSLDEM 
    IFVAKEMERL AIRIPLLIGG ATTSKTHTAV KIAPRYSAPV IHVLDASKSV VVCSQLLDEN 
    LKDEYFEEIM EEYEDIRQDH YESLKERRYL PLSQARKSGF QMDWLSEPHP VKPTFIGTQV 
    FEDYDLQKLV DYIDWKPFFD VWQLRGKYPN RGFPKIFNDK TVGGEARKVY DDAHNMLNTL 
    ISQKKLRARG VVGFWPAQSI QDDIHLYAEA AVPQAAEPIA TFYGLRQQAE KDSASTEPYY 
    CLSDFIAPLH SGIRDYLGLF AVACFGVEEL SKAYEDDGDD YSSIMVKALG DRLAEAFAEE 
    LHERVRRELW AYCGSEQLDV ADLRRLRYKG IRPAPGYPSQ PDHTEKLTMW RLADIEQSTG 
    IRLTESLAMA PASAVSGLYF SNLKSKYFAV GKISKDQVED YALRKNISVA EVEKWLGPIL 
    GYDTD

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.