Details for: PALM

Gene ID: 5064

Symbol: PALM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099864

Description: paralemmin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 214.4071
    Cell Significance Index: -33.3500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 131.0501
    Cell Significance Index: -33.2400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 27.0894
    Cell Significance Index: -33.4000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 8.5022
    Cell Significance Index: -33.5500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.4902
    Cell Significance Index: 298.9400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.9860
    Cell Significance Index: 681.9800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.6750
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.6135
    Cell Significance Index: 84.2500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.6059
    Cell Significance Index: 26.8000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.5995
    Cell Significance Index: 215.0400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.5295
    Cell Significance Index: 20.0500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5291
    Cell Significance Index: 100.6900
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.4529
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8400
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.3705
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.3305
    Cell Significance Index: 20.3200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.3144
    Cell Significance Index: 21.1400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.2661
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2128
    Cell Significance Index: 192.1400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.1560
    Cell Significance Index: 68.9500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.1173
    Cell Significance Index: 159.5600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.0985
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0840
    Cell Significance Index: 129.2700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0650
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8900
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0619
    Cell Significance Index: 116.6300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0490
    Cell Significance Index: 90.4300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0316
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0222
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0228
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0482
    Cell Significance Index: -27.2000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0490
    Cell Significance Index: -37.0800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0493
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0596
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0633
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0659
    Cell Significance Index: -29.9100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0726
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0772
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0819
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: -0.0872
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0960
    Cell Significance Index: -27.6200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0962
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1066
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.1163
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.1182
    Cell Significance Index: -20.1900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1327
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1486
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1640
    Cell Significance Index: -20.1600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.1739
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.2026
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2284
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0000
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.2289
    Cell Significance Index: -29.5700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.2342
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0600
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.2414
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.2466
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2577
    Cell Significance Index: -29.4200
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.2614
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2639
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2719
    Cell Significance Index: -31.1500
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.2897
    Cell Significance Index: -34.1600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.2901
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.2902
    Cell Significance Index: -29.6400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.2940
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3051
    Cell Significance Index: -31.7700
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.3216
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.4166
    Cell Significance Index: -31.9700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.4300
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4000
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -0.4573
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.5118
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.5161
    Cell Significance Index: -32.5300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.5197
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.5247
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7200
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.5317
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.5422
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.5467
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.5525
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.5594
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.5785
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.6372
    Cell Significance Index: -33.1000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.6458
    Cell Significance Index: -30.1100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.6552
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.6697
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.7648
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6600
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.7872
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0100
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.7907
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.8194
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3900
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.8227
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.8280
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6600
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.8500
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2600
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.8644
    Cell Significance Index: -37.5900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.9011
    Cell Significance Index: -18.0900
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.9011
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9100
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.9150
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** The PALM gene encodes for the paralemmin protein, which is primarily expressed in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex, as well as in other cell types such as secondary lens fibers, colon goblet cells, ovarian surface epithelial cells, and peripheral nervous system neurons. This widespread expression suggests that paralemmin plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating various physiological processes. **Pathways and Functions:** The PALM gene is involved in numerous signaling pathways that regulate cellular responses to electrical stimuli, cytoskeletal organization, and protein localization to the plasma membrane. Specifically, paralemmin has been implicated in: 1. **Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway**: Paralemmin negatively regulates adenylate cyclase activity, which is essential for controlling cAMP levels and modulating downstream signaling cascades. 2. **Dopamine receptor signaling pathway**: Paralemmin also negatively regulates dopamine receptor signaling, which is crucial for modulating neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. 3. **Cytoskeleton organization**: Paralemmin is involved in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, which is essential for maintaining cellular shape and structure. 4. **Protein localization to plasma membrane**: Paralemmin is responsible for regulating the localization of proteins to the plasma membrane, which is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. **Clinical Significance:** The PALM gene's role in various cellular contexts has significant implications for our understanding of various diseases and disorders. Specifically: 1. **Neurological disorders**: Paralemmin's involvement in regulating dopamine receptor signaling and cytoskeletal organization makes it a potential target for the treatment of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. 2. **Cancer**: Paralemmin's expression in colon goblet cells and ovarian surface epithelial cells suggests that it may play a role in cancer development and progression. 3. **Neurodevelopmental disorders**: Paralemmin's expression in L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neurons and corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neurons suggests that it may be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, the PALM gene is a multifaceted gene that plays a critical role in regulating various cellular processes. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the functional implications of paralemmin and its potential therapeutic applications in various disease contexts.

Genular Protein ID: 1593308086

Symbol: PALM_HUMAN

Name: Paralemmin-1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O75781 O43359 O95673 Q92559 Q9UPJ4 Q9UQS2 Q9UQS3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 19 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9615234

Title: Structure of the human paralemmin gene (PALM), mapping to human chromosome 19p13.3 and mouse chromosome 10, and exclusion of coding mutations in grizzled, mocha, jittery, and hesitant mice.

PubMed ID: 9615234

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5276

PubMed ID: 9813098

Title: Paralemmin, a prenyl-palmitoyl-anchored phosphoprotein abundant in neurons and implicated in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation.

PubMed ID: 9813098

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.143.3.795

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9039502

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain.

PubMed ID: 9039502

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/3.5.321

PubMed ID: 14978216

Title: Regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia formation in hippocampal neurons by specific acylated protein motifs.

PubMed ID: 14978216

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e03-07-0493

PubMed ID: 16386234

Title: Paralemmin interacts with D3 dopamine receptors: implications for membrane localization and cAMP signaling.

PubMed ID: 16386234

DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.027

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 387
  • Mass: 42076
  • Checksum: 46D455D5D12C3135
  • Sequence:
    • MEVLAAETTS QQERLQAIAE KRKRQAEIEN KRRQLEDERR QLQHLKSKAL RERWLLEGTP 
SSASEGDEDL RRQMQDDEQK TRLLEDSVSR LEKEIEVLER GDSAPATAKE NAAAPSPVRA 
PAPSPAKEER KTEVVMNSQQ TPVGTPKDKR VSNTPLRTVD GSPMMKAAMY SVEITVEKDK 
VTGETRVLSS TTLLPRQPLP LGIKVYEDET KVVHAVDGTA ENGIHPLSSS EVDELIHKAD 
EVTLSEAGST AGAAETRGAV EGAARTTPSR REITGVQAQP GEATSGPPGI QPGQEPPVTM 
IFMGYQNVED EAETKKVLGL QDTITAELVV IEDAAEPKEP APPNGSAAEP PTEAASREEN 
QAGPEATTSD PQDLDMKKHR CKCCSIM

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.