Details for: GLRX5

Gene ID: 51218

Symbol: GLRX5

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182512

Description: glutaredoxin 5

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 135.7812
    Cell Significance Index: -34.4400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 84.2154
    Cell Significance Index: -39.7600
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 74.1856
    Cell Significance Index: -38.1600
  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 56.3823
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 18.3137
    Cell Significance Index: -22.5800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 12.3672
    Cell Significance Index: -33.1300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 9.8580
    Cell Significance Index: -38.9000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 9.4222
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9400
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 6.0770
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3000
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 3.6382
    Cell Significance Index: 58.3700
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 2.7870
    Cell Significance Index: 25.6700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.6693
    Cell Significance Index: 124.4100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.6403
    Cell Significance Index: 178.4200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 1.6197
    Cell Significance Index: 37.4200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 1.6082
    Cell Significance Index: 103.7600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.5442
    Cell Significance Index: 189.8700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.5282
    Cell Significance Index: 209.8600
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: 1.5238
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.3599
    Cell Significance Index: 245.1400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.3372
    Cell Significance Index: 730.3000
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 1.2844
    Cell Significance Index: 88.8200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 1.2164
    Cell Significance Index: 86.0300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 1.1404
    Cell Significance Index: 39.6300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.0928
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.0051
    Cell Significance Index: 26.4300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.9956
    Cell Significance Index: 27.1000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.9827
    Cell Significance Index: 51.0500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.9588
    Cell Significance Index: 423.9100
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.9248
    Cell Significance Index: 43.4700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.9234
    Cell Significance Index: 26.4700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.8139
    Cell Significance Index: 161.5200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 0.7928
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.7788
    Cell Significance Index: 36.3100
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.7160
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.6319
    Cell Significance Index: 81.6400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5661
    Cell Significance Index: 107.7300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.5627
    Cell Significance Index: 12.1900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.5475
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.4368
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.4280
    Cell Significance Index: 50.4800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.4104
    Cell Significance Index: 21.5500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3537
    Cell Significance Index: 70.9600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.3477
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.3472
    Cell Significance Index: 21.8800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.3374
    Cell Significance Index: 9.0100
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.3175
    Cell Significance Index: 40.7000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2667
    Cell Significance Index: 7.1500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.2229
    Cell Significance Index: 163.4100
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 0.2118
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.2114
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1649
    Cell Significance Index: 28.1500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1453
    Cell Significance Index: 23.6300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1224
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.1084
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0879
    Cell Significance Index: 31.5300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0803
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7100
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.0767
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0131
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: 8.4400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: -20.5600
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0190
    Cell Significance Index: -35.0700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -38.5300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -43.5000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0325
    Cell Significance Index: -18.3500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0412
    Cell Significance Index: -26.1800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0475
    Cell Significance Index: -21.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0611
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0630
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0952
    Cell Significance Index: -27.3900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0995
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1024
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4600
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1284
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1539
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1952
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.2219
    Cell Significance Index: -32.2600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2690
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2846
    Cell Significance Index: -32.4900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.2913
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.3076
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3758
    Cell Significance Index: -39.1300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.3797
    Cell Significance Index: -21.3100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.3819
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.5288
    Cell Significance Index: -32.4200
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.5298
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4500
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.5778
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1100
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.6074
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.6457
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0200
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.6463
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.6929
    Cell Significance Index: -30.6500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.7032
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8100
  • Cell Name: perivascular cell (CL4033054)
    Fold Change: -0.7207
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.7559
    Cell Significance Index: -21.5700
  • Cell Name: sensory neuron (CL0000101)
    Fold Change: -0.7811
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4400
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.7844
    Cell Significance Index: -39.6400
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.8154
    Cell Significance Index: -33.4100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Mitochondrial localization**: GLRX5 is primarily localized to the mitochondrial matrix, where it plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis. 2. **Iron-sulfur cluster assembly**: GLRX5 is involved in the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters, which are essential for various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and protein maturation. 3. **Redox regulation**: GLRX5 acts as a glutaredoxin, reducing oxidized glutathione and maintaining the cellular redox balance. 4. **Cellular distribution**: GLRX5 is expressed in a wide range of cell types, including hematopoietic cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis**: GLRX5 is involved in the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters, which are essential for various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and protein maturation. 2. **Cellular redox homeostasis**: GLRX5 maintains the cellular redox balance by reducing oxidized glutathione and regulating the activity of various redox-sensitive proteins. 3. **Mitochondrial function**: GLRX5 is involved in maintaining mitochondrial function, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial quality control. 4. **Protein maturation**: GLRX5 is involved in the maturation of proteins containing iron-sulfur clusters, which is essential for various cellular processes, including DNA repair and energy metabolism. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Hematological disorders**: GLRX5 mutations have been associated with various hematological disorders, including anemia and leukemias. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: GLRX5 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 3. **Cancer**: GLRX5 has been shown to play a role in cancer development and progression, particularly in hematological malignancies. 4. **Mitochondrial disorders**: GLRX5 mutations have been associated with various mitochondrial disorders, including mitochondrial myopathies and encephalopathies. In conclusion, GLRX5 is a multifaceted protein that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and iron-sulfur cluster assembly. Its widespread expression across various cell types highlights its importance in maintaining cellular function and overall health. Further research on GLRX5 is necessary to fully understand its role in various diseases and to develop therapeutic strategies for its dysregulation.

Genular Protein ID: 3316538562

Symbol: GLRX5_HUMAN

Name: Glutaredoxin-related protein 5, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q86SX6 Q0X088 Q3YML0 Q86WY3 Q8IZ54

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 5 ComplexPortal 2 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 14 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 5 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 16110529

Title: Deficiency of glutaredoxin 5 reveals Fe-S clusters are required for vertebrate haem synthesis.

PubMed ID: 16110529

DOI: 10.1038/nature03887

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17485548

Title: The human counterpart of zebrafish shiraz shows sideroblastic-like microcytic anemia and iron overload.

PubMed ID: 17485548

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-072520

PubMed ID: 20364084

Title: Glutaredoxin 5 deficiency causes sideroblastic anemia by specifically impairing heme biosynthesis and depleting cytosolic iron in human erythroblasts.

PubMed ID: 20364084

DOI: 10.1172/jci40372

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23615440

Title: The mitochondrial Hsp70 chaperone Ssq1 facilitates Fe/S cluster transfer from Isu1 to Grx5 by complex formation.

PubMed ID: 23615440

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-09-0644

PubMed ID: 24334290

Title: Variant non ketotic hyperglycinemia is caused by mutations in LIAS, BOLA3 and the novel gene GLRX5.

PubMed ID: 24334290

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt328

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27532773

Title: Role of Nfu1 and Bol3 in iron-sulfur cluster transfer to mitochondrial clients.

PubMed ID: 27532773

DOI: 10.7554/elife.15991

PubMed ID: 27532772

Title: Mitochondrial Bol1 and Bol3 function as assembly factors for specific iron-sulfur proteins.

PubMed ID: 27532772

DOI: 10.7554/elife.16673

PubMed ID: 21029046

Title: The crystal structure of human GLRX5: iron-sulfur cluster co-ordination, tetrameric assembly and monomer activity.

PubMed ID: 21029046

DOI: 10.1042/bj20101286

PubMed ID: 25342667

Title: Heterozygous missense mutations in the GLRX5 gene cause sideroblastic anemia in a Chinese patient.

PubMed ID: 25342667

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-598508

PubMed ID: 26100117

Title: Functional analysis of GLRX5 mutants reveals distinct functionalities of GLRX5 protein.

PubMed ID: 26100117

DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25267

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 157
  • Mass: 16628
  • Checksum: 5E6873BD5DE91F86
  • Sequence:
    • MSGSLGRAAA ALLRWGRGAG GGGLWGPGVR AAGSGAGGGG SAEQLDALVK KDKVVVFLKG 
TPEQPQCGFS NAVVQILRLH GVRDYAAYNV LDDPELRQGI KDYSNWPTIP QVYLNGEFVG 
GCDILLQMHQ NGDLVEELKK LGIHSALLDE KKDQDSK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.